{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/1z41r6pg91/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Schultz, Myron"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-05-20"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Myron 'Mike' Schultz, DVM, MD, DCMT, FACP (EIS 1963) and his wife, Selma describe their experiences at CDC and other public health institutions over a 50+ year time period. Interviewed by Karen Torghele"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dr. Myron 'Mike' Schultz, DVM, MD, DCMT, FACP (EIS 1963) and his wife, Selma describe their experiences at CDC and other public health institutions over a 50+ year time period. Interviewed by Karen Torghele"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/461/small/ShultzMyron.jpg?1727919717","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 20120520_Schultz_Myron.mp3"]},"duration":6263.51554,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/461/small/ShultzMyron.jpg?1727919717","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/461/original/20120520_Schultz_Myron.mp3?1722773619","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":6263.51554,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[AssemblyAI Transcript] 20120520 Schultz, Myron [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It's May 20, 2012, and I'm in the home of Doctor Myron Schultz. Mike Schultz. And Mike Schultz. Is it all right if we go ahead and record our conversation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4.4,18.926"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e For sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=18.926,19.758"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. We're going to be talking for Project Genesis. And first, Doctor Schultz, would you tell me a little bit about your background and how it was that you didn't only get an MD, but a DVM and MPH, and then ended up at the Centers for Disease Control?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=19.758,39.196"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, sure. I started my career at Cornhill University in the College of Agriculture. I was intent on being a veterinarian, and after two years in the College of Agriculture, I went into the College of Veterinary Medicine. In those days, you could do that with just two years of undergrad. Nowadays you need four years. So I had six years total at Cornell University. They're very good years for me. Years of growth, intellectual challenges. And the thing that shaped my future course was the encounter with medical science. I had no appreciation of what medical science was all about until I got into veterinary school. And it was exciting for me. I don't think I was a particularly good student, but I enjoyed learning and I wanted to keep on the learning. And I was single and young, and nobody put any obstacles in my way. And I decided I would go on into the study of medicine. So when I graduated veterinary college, I went within the very week of graduation into practice of veterinary medicine in Albany, New York, doing both small animal medicine, working in another doctor's practice as his assistant, and also as of the track veterinarian at Saratoga Raceway, where I had some exciting times. Yes. And I started my studies in medicine, so I had unique life. I would work at the racetrack in the evening and then get off and deliver babies in the hospital. During my years in medical school, I encountered my wife to be, Selma. She was secretary to the professor of preventive medicine, Professor Garth Johnson. And he was a true mentor to me, real fine gentleman. And he told me about the existence of CDC. I had no knowledge of it before that, and I had already set my heart on studying diseases of animals transmitted to man, because that's what I was qualified to do. These are called the zoonotic diseases, which everybody in public health now knows about. In fact, of all the emerging diseases nowadays, 75% are zoonoses. They come from animals such as bird flu, for example. But then it was something hardly anyone knew about or appreciated. But there was one textbook that I had in my collection, which is still here in my library at home by a gentleman named Hull. Diseases of animals transmitted to man. That was an important stimulus to me. And after I had made my decision while still in veterinary school, I encountered an article in the veterinary journal about the zoonoses. And it was a very informative article, and it told me that there was someone else in the world who was interested in this subject. It provided a picture of the author. And seven years later, the day I arrived at CDC, I encountered that gentleman. It was doctor Jim Steele. So I knew I was in the right place for sure when I got the CDC. But it was Doctor Garth Johnson who directed me. Fortunately, I was very fortunate throughout my early career in the mentors that I had, who gave me good guidance. And then I arrived at CDC in 1963 and all the wondrous things that were happening during that era, sixties and seventies. As an EIS officer, you have two years to more or less show your stuff. And I knew that I wanted to continue in public health. And a trip that I made to Vietnam in 1964 to investigate the handling of malaria in Vietnam was very formative in my career because I saw all the opportunities in international public health. So I knew that's where I wanted to spend my life's work. While I was an EIS officer, I was assigned to work on the parasitic diseases I knew absolutely nothing about except my book, learning from veterinary school and medical school. But it was very fortuitous because there wasn't any unit on the epidemiologic side of CDC devoted to parasitic diseases. So I and doctor Robert Kaiser started a two man unit, and within a few years Doctor Kaiser was reassigned to work on the pre existing malaria program that had been going on ever since the war years. So I inherited the two man unit, which became a one man unit, and I inherited it. After CDC provided me with two years of graduate training, I spent the first year at Bellevue Hospital in the Cornell division doing infectious diseases, which was a very good year for me under Doctor Donald Luria, very brilliant infectious disease physician.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=39.196,570.476"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you spell his last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=570.476,572.212"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Louria and I spent the second year in London as a graduate student in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and got a diploma in tropical medicine. So when I came back, I had this one person unita in parasitic diseases. But it was a time of rapid expansion and growth. At CDC, opportunities lay everywhere. I had EIS officers assigned to me over the years, I trained 30 EIS officers, two per year, and their assignment was for two years. So this went on for about 15 years. And during that time we did many investigations of many different entities, some entities we more or less put on the map, for example, geodiasis was known as a parasite of humans, but it was thought to be a commensal. That is to say, it did no harm. But we studied epidemics where it did do harm, caused diarrhea, both in travelers and in preschoolers. So that was one entity we put on the map. Another was the discovery of babesiosis. Hardly anybody had ever heard of this disease. You have the food? It's being recorded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=572.212,715.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=715.69,716.922"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. We had received a call from a practitioner in Martha's vineyard about a middle aged woman who. He had diagnosed malaria, but she had never been abroad, she had never had blood transfusions. She wasn't a drug user. And it, of course, was very suspect as to what the diagnosis was. I asked him to send the slide, and our expert microscopist, Neva Gleason was her name, diagnosed malaria. And I said to her in the kindest ways I could, I'm sorry, Neva, but you're wrong. And that went around three times. I refused to accept your diagnosis. And the third time, she saw an unusual formation known as a maltese cross formation within a blood cell, which is pathognomonic in animals, for it's called pyroplasmosis in animals, but it's the human equivalent of Babesia. So that was the first discovery of babesia in an otherwise healthy human being, and that opened a door to many other investigations on that disease. But that was just one of many varieties of diseases, pneumocystis carini pneumoniae. I had been known to medical science, but its epidemiology was poorly understood, and we launched several studies, principally at St. Jude Hospital, to study pneumocystis carine and pneumonia. I had established a service for CDC to provide drugs for rare diseases to physicians in the United States. And we had the drug called pentamidine, which was an appropriate treatment for pneumocystis. Cases came our way. Incidentally, there's so much one can say about Doctor Langmuir, who I revere to this day, but in this instance, he was against my doing it because he looked on it as a service rather than as epidemiologic investigation. But in August of 1981, because we were providing pentavity, cases of pneumocystis in adult males quickly came to our attention. And that was the opening salvo for the AIDS epidemic. I had a sweet encounter with Doctor Langmuir in which he acknowledged, yes, it was a good thing to provide that and other drugs I was going to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=716.922,958.986"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Get you to clarify that this was well before your cases of pneumocystis were, well before AIDS had been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=958.986,966.506"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we did the studies in the 1970s. One of my officers, whose name will come to me in a moment, spent the rest of his adult life studying pneumocystis. That's how influential CDC can be in shaping people's careers. So those are three diseases where we made inroads. Plus we did many, many studies on malaria. There are instances where malaria was introduced or imported into the United States that required thorough investigation. Early in my career as a leader of the parasitic disease unit, we got a call from people in the Auburn Opelika County Health Department in Alabama that they had three teenagers with malaria there. So the very day we got the call, I took a government car and an EIS officer, and we went to investigate, and we confirmed that the cases were indeed malaria, vivax malaria, in three teenagers. Two of them were boyfriend and girlfriend. The other didn't know of the other two. While we were in Alabama, we got a call from headquarters that the EIS officer in Rochester, New York, had a teenager in Rochester with malaria. And I said, find out if that teenager had been in Auburn Opalika. And the answer came back yes. So we had four people who had acquired malaria, all within a short period of time in Albano Blaca, and they'd never been out of the states. Now, Aubernopolaica is right next to Fort Benning, and this was during the Vietnam War. I'm thinking it was 1968 or 1969, something like that. And all of these four teenagers had been at a drive in movie theater on three consecutive nights. So we understood that this was an episode of Whetstone has introduced malaria, meaning it's brought in by a human and then picked up by a mosquito, which transmits it to other humans, which happens during that time. It happened rarely, but we picked up on it. And the source of pride for me was not only in doing a quick and correct investigation, but I and the EIs officer, John, I'm thinking, or no, it'll come to me. Wrote it up in the car, and we gave it to whoever was the editor of the MMWR. Hot off our hands as soon as we arrived. And it was published the same week of the investigation. And recently I was with the recent editor of MMWR, and we realized that this had never been done. Nowadays, the MMWR waits months till they publish something, but this is. And I got the back issue and compare it to dates. The date of publication was within the same week of the date of the investigation. So that's just a flavor of the fun we were having and the excitement of being at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=966.506,1283.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember the year that was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1283.16,1285.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that was 1968. It's in the archives of the MMWR. It is available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1285.92,1303.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to look that up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1303.09,1305.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it's a nice coherent story that. Thanks. Together very well. There were other diseases and other opportunities that came along. So for 15 years I had the privilege of leading the parasitic disease. It started as a unit, then a section, then a branch, and then a division.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1305.69,1351.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So it grew from one person to how many?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1351.9,1354.948"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, nowadays it's very, very large. I would guess several hundred. But it grew rapidly while I was there, not because of anything that I did specifically, but because CDC at large was growing rapidly. There were so many opportunities and nobody ever said, don't do this or go, you're doing anything wrong, or don't do that, don't do this. We had a lot of freedom and that was another great feature of CDC and certainly good leadership under Doctor sensor and doctor Faggie and of course Doctor Langmere. And I should mention Doctor Steele. I had Doctor Steele left CDC in either 1971 or 1972 to go to Houston School of Public Health. But we've been friends ever since. He's now 99 and I just spoke to him a few days ago and we often have telephone conversations on the state of the world. He's an extraordinary man in total recall. If you tell him a date, he'll tell you what happened. Or if you tell him what happened, he'll tell you the date that it happened. Worldwide. It's not just football or is it Almata every year? The recording's off right now. So vast. Is this on? I just turned it on. He loves music. During the eis week when he was. Well, he's ill now but pretty much immobilized. But during eis week we'd spend one evening in this room listening to Mahler's 9th Symphony. He had a love for that particular work, so he was an important influence on me. I had six mentors in my career. The first was Mister J. Paul Munson. Mister Munson was an educator who was in charge of the school system in Lansing County, New York, near Ithaca, along the shores of Cayuga. And he also owned a large dairy farm. And I lived on that farm for six years before and during my years at Cornell. So he was the first. Then. Your boss, Doctor Garth Johnson, was a mentor. I mentioned Doctor Donald Luria. He was a young man, but a brilliant physician. And a good friend, and he helped me along the way. Then Cornell, Bellevue division, wasn't it? Yes. Then Doctor Langmuir, Doctor Steele and doctor Kagan, and lastly professor Mayor Yueli. Professor Yueli, Washington, a professor of. I forget whether it was malaria or public health, but he had a foot in both entities. He was a malaria researcher. In fact, a malaria parasite of rodents is named after him. And he had a professorship at New York University. And he was a romantic individual who would write beautiful papers and give inspiring talks that were half literature, half science. And I encountered him when I was on a train in England, going to reading. Going to the leprosarium. In reading, there is an article in the New England Journal of Medicine that he wrote about Charles Nicol and Hans Zinser meeting in Tunisia. It was such a beautiful article that it stayed in my mind. And in the fall, when I was back in the States, I encountered him, and we had a very close. I was writing medical history at that time. My thesis, the London school was. They permitted me to write about medical history, so we had similar interests. But he was the avuncular part. He was the older one of the pair. And I looked up to him ever so much. And he died suddenly December 5, 1975. And the family called me and asked me to give the eulogy at his funeral with less than a day's notice. And I did it. It turned out successful, but I don't know how I did it. It was just an inspiration that I don't think I could ever do it again. But he was a man who had a deep influence on me. Selma has passed me this note. There are three other people in my life who had important influence on me. I wouldn't call them mentors per se, but nevertheless, they made my life sweet. One was Philip Marsden. He was a lecturer at the London school. And I met him the year before I went to London, when he was doing a year as an instructor at Cornell in tropical medicine. And then when I did go to London, he turned out to be my personal teacher. And we became close friends. And for the next 15 years or more, we stayed close. He moved to Brazil. I visited him twice in Brazil. He took a trip. Oh, yes. We went to South Carolina with an elderly professor, doctor PCC Garnham. Professor Garnham was a great parasitologist who discovered the liver stage of the malaria parasite in 1948. And he did me the honor of visiting here. He stayed with us and we all, Selma and myself, Professor Garnham, Philip Morrison, and his wife. The five of us took a trip to South Carolina, to Sullivan's island, to find the tulip tree that Edgar Allan Poe wrote about in the short story called Gold Bug. For some reason, this fascinated Professor Garnham. So that was a little adventure. The other englishman who I had a really sweet relationship with was Professor Leonard Bruce Quat. His last name is hyphenated Bruce, hyphenated, C w a T T. He was a distinguished malaria researcher and the head of the. One of the institutes within the London school, the Ross Institute. And several years earlier, we had met at an international meeting and he said to me that there are only two countries in the world that do malaria surveillance the right way, Russia and the United States. He said, but you do it better than the Russians. And I spent a short sabbatical in London, which CDC was very generous in giving me. It was in the early eighties, and this was under the tutelage of Professor Bruce Quat. So he enriched my life. And then there's Professor Ben Keane. Ben Keane was a notorious professor at Cornell Medical School. I say notorious because he was the most popular teacher. He taught tropical medicine, but he was a thespian. He loved to act and perform and he would put on incredible acts. Oh, yes, right. He was married to Rebecca Harkness of the Harkness pavilion fame, and yet she had a grand estate in Long island that Philip Morrisden visited and told me about, with ballerinas circulating up and down the staircase, delicious food and so on. Ben Keane wrote a two volume work on the history of tropical medicine, which are those two books that I'm pointing at. They have a rose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=1354.948,2141.092"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The red ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2141.092,2142.164"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. The second row. Yes, exactly. And he inscribed. It was a gift from him to me, even though they're very costly. And he inscribed it. I'll get it. I'll get it. To Mike Schultz, who was too young to have his work. To Mike, who was too young to have his work included. With admiration and respect, Ben. Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2142.164,2197.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And what year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2197.02,2198.284"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2198.284,2202.27"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And how do you spell his last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2202.27,2205.31"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e K e a n. Okay. And this is his autobiography, one doctor's adventures amongst the famous. And infamous he was. In his later years, he was doctored to all the high pillai of New.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2205.31,2228.128"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2228.128,2232.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Who thought they had tropical diseases. Some did and some didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2232.4,2243.32"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he treat the shop?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2243.32,2246.36"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Oh, this was historic. The shah of Iran was deposed and he went to Cornavaca, Mexico. And while there, he became ill and the local physicians diagnosed malaria, which, on the face of it, was an incorrect diagnosis because the shah had never been in a malarious era, Kornovac is not malarious. So because the diagnosis was malaria, Professor Ben Keane was called on to attend to the shah. He went to Kournovaca and he decided that the shah needed to go to New York to the. What was the name of the cancer institute? Song Kettering. Because in fact, the shahad then was in the throes of leukemia. So when the shah went to New York, that was about 1980, I think. Everything became topsy turvy. The Iranians invaded our embassy and doctor Keane, whose finger was pointed at him for causing this, he got involved in a lawsuit, which he wondez. But it was that notorious episode where he tended to the shock, but he had other many famous patients and he loved every moment of it because he loved attention. This is Professor Yuel here, and that's the eulogy I wrote. Who gave it his funeral in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2246.36,2383.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, he wasn't very old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2383.93,2386.13"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was not. He was 63. He died suddenly of a heart attack. Very tragic. He was at the height of his career. In fact, I had written a nomination for him to get a medal from the World Health Organization and it was sitting on Dave Sensor's desk when mayor passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2386.13,2422.23"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It must have been a difficult thing for you to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2422.23,2425.566"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2425.566,2431.03"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I think he was an honor, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2431.03,2433.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e He was what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2433.71,2434.526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e It was an honor. It had to be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2434.526,2437.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Yeah. It was like a dream sequence for me. I don't know. I don't know how it all occurred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2437.92,2451.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It's amazing how that happens in times of extreme grief.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2451.92,2458.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e The aunt adrenaline kicks it and, you know, you have to do it so it can be remembered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2458.88,2466.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember standing at his grave while he was being buried and just shaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2466.53,2479.21"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Those are really such tender times. What an experience that must have been. They must have been so appreciative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2479.21,2493.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. So where do we go from here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2493.04,2499.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that's a great background you gave, and that gives us a context for going back, I suppose, a little bit more into the history of life, malaria and its impact on the way CDC formed, what it was like or why the malaria control and war areas came to be. If you know, of people who worked then and what they did and how they evolved in their jobs and maybe some of the ones who came from that discipline into CDC when it formed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2499.72,2542.07"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, what I know is all hearsay because I wasn't here in Atlanta until 1963, but it started with the concern that malaria would be reintroduced into the United States. We had soldiers in tropical areas. The south was what's termed receptive, meaning it's warm enough. It had the right anophelene mosquito hosts. So people were concerned that malaria would come back. At the same time, malaria was declining, going through a natural death, you might say a natural decline in the late thirties and forties. It wasn't really appreciated until Alex Langbeer did an analysis of reports. And I don't know if it was he or someone before him, but the key thing was to ask for the case name the names of cases and other identifiers, gender, age, and so on. They were only going on lab smears in county cases. Once they asked for more information, it couldn't be produced. So the reports that were coming in were, in part, erroneous, fictional. People were looking at platelets and calling them malaria parasites, not really doing it in a skillful way. And the screening of homes during and after World War two and the availability of quinine were also influences on the decline of malaria. So these two elements were occurring at the same time. Malaria was in a natural decline, but yet there was concern about reintroduction of malaria from the tropics. Earlier in this session, I told you about what happened near Fort Benning, where the four teenagers were infected by what we termed introduced malaria. So people were concerned about this on a much larger scale, and it didn't happen at all. But nevertheless, to deal with it, an office was created, the office for the Control of Malaria and war areas here in Atlanta, because this was the center of the southern states. I'm told that it was in an office building downtown somewhere. I don't know exactly where, but it was just. And office, not much more. They had entomologists. I don't know what kind of epidemiologists they had. All I know is of Alex Langmuir's analysis, which, incidentally, is written and summarized in a key paper he wrote in 1963, New England Journal of Medicine. You're aware of that paper? Yes. So the people who were in charge of public health at that time, fortunately, were wise folks. One was Joe Mountainous, who we still celebrate every year. And Joe Mountain said, well, let's convert this entity into a communicable disease control effort. And that got CDC rolling. The land for CDC belong, I believe, either to Woodruff or to Emory, one or the other. But I'm told it was sold to the government for $1, and it's on the site where building one stood, which, sadly, has just been pulled down. But if you're looking for memories and reminiscences, it all happened in building one, as far as I'm concerned, that, to me, was the center of the universe. Alex had his office on the fifth floor. It was very accessible. All the young men had offices nearby. I had an office nearby. Forgive me for interjecting this, but I couldn't think of the name of the officer who went with me to Alabama. His name is John Hermos, h e r m o s, who is now in Boston. But I remember John Hermos and I were standing outside of Doctor Langmuir's office looking at an influenza map. And inside doctor Langmuir's office were the famous plaques that the Eis classes had given them. And I was the one who made the plaque for my ear. And it's still in the museum. It's a monopoly board with cards on it, with inside jokes. So as far as malaria goes, it died of its own accord. And fortunately, the program was converted to the seed of what became the great Centers for Disease Control. And as you well know, CDC was changed from communicable disease center to center for Disease Control by Dave Sensor. And then later they added the word prevention. And of course, it became centaurs, not one centaur center. I had another thought that will come to me in a moment. Oh, yes. You said at the beginning that I was doing malaria surveillance, and that's why you were looking for my reminiscences. You're correct. I was entrusted with the malaria surveillance work. It had been done by a more senior person, EIS officer, who was doing it rather poorly. And there was hardly any interest when I took it up in the status of malaria because it had died a total death. There weren't cases. There weren't outbreaks. There were just. I shouldn't say there weren't cases. There were sporadic cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=2542.07,3085.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3085.29,3086.762"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, right. But the interest was very, very limited. Fortunately, I got in an understanding of who's approach by reading their literature. So I recall putting in the annual malaria surveillance report, the WHO definition of malaria, cases such as introduced, imported, and so on, that hadn't been in the report. And step by step, we enhanced it. And then, of course, the Vietnam War came along, which was in the late sixties, and I was called upon to report biannually to the Malaria Commission of the Armed Forces Epidemiologic Board, which met at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. So that was the stage that I acted on for several years. And in my course as an epidemiologist, I've predicted two epidemics before they occurred, and one of them I predicted to the malaria commission and it turned out it was a correct prediction. I predicted that there would be an outbreak of what we call induced malaria in returned soldiers coming back from Vietnam, because what I knew at the time was there were significant attack rates in our troops in Vietnam from Lara, and there was intravenous drug usage. So it wasn't that difficult to put two and two together. And I predicted to the malaria commission, you're going to have an outbreak of induced malaria. And six months later, when I came back, we reported on a current outbreak. It was in southern California. I can't remember the name of the town, but that was a reigniting of CDC's interest in malaria. And we played and we were telling the military what was happening to their troops, and they were very appreciative of it. And I got to rub shoulders with the top brass and also with Professor Ueli, who was part of the commission. I would see him there, I said in my eulogy, and one of the phrases that I recall being in the yard, Walter Reed, when a young surgeon encountered Professor Ueli as he and I were walking together, and he was so generous in his praise. He said, oh, I remember your lectures at NYU so much, and thank you. And this was just one more evidence to me of what he meant to his students. But we had very sweet moments together. What else about malaria? What have I left out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3086.762,3334.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I know that a lot of the people in the beginning were stationed in Puerto Rico, and that that was part of the effort. Did you know any of those people and what they were doing there that may have been different from what they were doing in the southeast United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3334.8,3354.96"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a laboratory in Savannah, Georgia, devoted to malaria, which Bob Kaiser rather painfully had to close down. And I think Jeff Jeffreys was part of that closure. You really need to talk to Jeff about this. I don't recall anything about a malaria lab in Puerto Rico. There is presently a dengue lab that's part of CDC, that is an internationally known lab for dengue. And I've been in Puerto Rico, never encountered people working on malaria. So I don't know. I don't know about that. There were quite a few university professors who ran laboratories devoted to malaria research, studying the parasite or studying the vector or studying drugs in people. Some drug trials were done in inmates of federal and state institutions for malaria. There's a book which I believe is on my shelf on simian or monkey malaria, done by Peter Kantakis, who is also a member of that consortium, the person you need to talk to who's still at work at CDC is Bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3354.96,3491.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Collins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3491.3,3492.212"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Collins. Have you spoken? Yeah. Okay. Well, he knows it all, Doctor Weller. What about Doctor Weller?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3492.212,3519.166"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he malariologist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3519.166,3521.75"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Professor Yuela. Excuse me. Professor Weller was at Harvard, and he invited me to come to Harvard to talk about malaria. So he wasn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3521.75,3538.682"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e He came to David.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3538.682,3539.874"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. He was a Nobel laureate in medicine. That's another thing about my career, that I met such an extraordinary range of people. Including who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3539.874,3562.324"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Spignev.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3562.324,3563.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Spikneff. Yes. But I met definitely two Nobel laureates, Tom Weller, who I had a friendship with, and a Belgium belgian guy when I lectured in Belgium. But just a young whippersnapper like me being in the company of Nobel laureates is grand. I had a long term collaboration with a polish professor, Doctor Zhbign Pavlovsky. He and I did a monograph together on tapeworm infection, which led to my frequent travels to Poland, his frequent travels to Atlanta, and a really delightful friendship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3563.46,3641.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's one of the best things about CDC that you're describing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3641.42,3648.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, the travel. The travel was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3648.9,3652.092"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The travel and the friendships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3652.092,3654.052"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And the travel. I never dreamed that I would be in the places. I went to Mecca on one of my trips. Can you imagine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3654.052,3667.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e No. We went to St. Paul's Cathedral when.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3667.15,3672.982"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3672.982,3673.982"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Buschwat was knighted by the queen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3673.982,3677.07"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3677.07,3678.054"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Wow. Amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3678.054,3681.982"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e There's another book on my shelf. It's called Cecily, and it's the biography of Cecily Williams, a pediatrician who first described kwashiorkor in african children. And I met her in St. Paul's Cathedral. Shook her hand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3681.982,3706.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Icons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3706.61,3708.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. So it was a great privilege to be able to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3708.25,3722.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the things that we're focusing on with the forming of the epidemic intelligence service and CDC itself is the impact that bioterrorism may or may not have had on its formation. And I just read in Doctor Fage's book that at the time, there was real fear about coriander hemorrhagic fever being introduced into the United States during the Korean War. And there were other diseases too that were of concern. Do you know very much about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3722.09,3755.846"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Only hearsay. My understanding is that the EIS was formed because of the palpable fear of chemical or biological warfare in 1951, I think it was. And that was more or less the sole reason for it being founded. And Alex was charged with training physicians who could go out and make diagnoses in the field. But that raison d'etre went away very fast, so he converted it to an infectious disease. But, yes, it was because of the fear of what Korea might send us our way. I don't think it was korean hemorrhagic fever because you need a vector for that. I think it was more fear of chemical or other different biological agents. It wasn't a terribly well founded fear. I don't know what the evidence was at the time, but it went away fairly quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3755.846,3848.908"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there, what kind of politics were going on at the time? Do you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3848.908,3855.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there was, there was McCarthyism. I don't know if that played any role or not. I'm trying to think truly, I don't know what was happening in the fifties. I don't know Russ, Ray Ravenholt comes from the fifties era and he would know and Phil Brachman would know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3855.06,3898.118"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah. Ravenholt was class of 52.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3898.118,3904.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, okay. He's been coming back to every EIS conference except this year's. I hope that he's well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3904.02,3915.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He is well, I've talked to him and we're trying to figure out a way to get together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3915.22,3921.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Great. He's an extraordinary person. Person. He's written a lot on epidemiology. He has soft bound volumes that he's put together. I can't recall the exact titles, but it's his reflections on epidemiology and he had an important job in USAID in the latter part of his working life and he was a pioneer in that era. But the fifties he would know for sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3921.86,3968.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Did Fort McPherson's location play an influence in the choice of Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3968.01,3975.426"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not at all. Theres another person who you may want to contact from the fifties who still every year comes to the EIS conference. I saw him just within the past few weeks. Ive got to bring his name to mind. He's one of the few people who's a veterinarian and a physician. He comes from Nebraska.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=3975.426,4010.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it South Dakota? South Dakota, no, no, North Dakota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4010.94,4017.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Currently gifted historian. He's younger than I am. He's at NIH. He and I just authored a paper together on his medical history. I'm having a senior moment where I can't get his name will come to me in a moment. Can you help me, son? I don't think you've ever met him. We wrote the paper on Charles Nicole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4017.9,4054.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And do you have it over?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4054.88,4056.616"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't. Yes, I've got it in mind. David Morins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4056.616,4067.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In Larry Cis class which is what year? 77.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4067.88,4074.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. Well he's in New York, much younger than I, but he's much more gifted than I. He's got a great gift. The papers he writes are really extraordinary. One of them is in emerging infectious diseases about eight years ago. It's called the. The death of the consumptive art. It's all about the tuberculosis was viewed by society and how artists and composers and people like Puccini and Verdi wrote about consumption. But he puts it in such beautiful words. And he's written about the cholera epidemic of Paris of 1835. I've heard him lecture about it. It's fantastic. So of all the persons we have spoken about, he's the most gifted historian that I can think of. M o r e n s. He's in Tony Fauci's office and he's in the EIS directory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4074.12,4177.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess to wind up, because I know you have something. Another commitment here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4177.46,4184.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Not for. We've got plenty of time. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4184.41,4189.05"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to be talking to doctor Pratt on Tuesday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4189.05,4194.77"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Give him my regards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4194.77,4196.002"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I will. And I'm wondering what questions you would have for him that would be most helpful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4196.002,4202.738"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, this the thing that's a gap in my knowledge. What happened with the malaria program in the fifties and early sixties? As I recall, he was an entomologist, was he not? Yes, and he was an early cdcer. And if he's still playing with a full deck, I hope he could be a good source of information. I ran into a colleague at this year's EIS conference, think of his name in a moment, who showed me a book which I subsequently bought. It's right on the top of my book collection there. It's about DDT and the misinterpretations about DDT. And he feels that DDT has been slandered down through history, misused. And he was interested in Langmuir's writings, the 1963 paper, and how that fit into the picture. Let me just show you the book. During World War two in Naples, when people were dusted with TDT and it stopped a typhus epidemic in its tracks. And typhus historically, has been a great killer during wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4202.738,4322.372"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4322.372,4323.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know the book rats license history?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4323.38,4326.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4326.94,4327.692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, it's a great book. It's a great classic. It, too is on my shelf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4327.692,4333.132"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Karen might have an appointment to go to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4333.132,4334.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4334.98,4338.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e It's the history of typhus, written by Hans Zinser, professor from Columbia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4338.58,4346.476"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Rats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4346.476,4347.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Rats license. It's one of the great classics of the 20th century. Jim and I had an argument over the telephone about Hans Zinser. I said that he was a professor at Columbia, and Jim said, no, he was a professor at Harvard. So after we argued for a while, I went and looked it up. Turns out we were both right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4347.9,4393.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a good outcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4393.85,4395.274"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4395.274,4396.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So this was copyrighted in 1934.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4396.73,4399.626"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e It's been reprinted many times. As I said, it's a classic. He sets out to give the world history of typhus, but then, in a clever way, he says, I've got to give you twelve chapters. Before I get to that, he talks about other diseases. And just to tie things together in this conversation, I told you that I read a paper, Professor Yueli and Yueli described the visit that Zinser made to Tunis to visit Charles and Nicole because they were great minds. And Yueli wrote about it in such a beautiful way. And that paper impressed me and started my friendship with Yueli. Well, the wheel turned and about three years ago, I was at the EIS conference and I saw David Morins. And I said, david has admired some of the papers I've written in medical and I definitely admire his work. I said to him, I'm preparing a paper on Charles Nicole. He said, oh. He said, I'm working on a paper on Nicole's work on influenza. I said, well, we definitely have to co author a paper together. So we did. It's in emerging infectious diseases. It's a great paper. And I'm so proud to co author with David because I look up to him. So you never know how one part of your knowledge leads to something else of interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4399.626,4537.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You've done more than one article like that. Identify the man in this picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4537.25,4545.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I've done seven of those, yes. To name them, I've done. Rudolf Virchow was the first. I think the second was Charles Nicole. I did Henry Rose Carter, public health service epidemiologist. I've done Daniel Carrion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4545.69,4572.468"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Goldberger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4572.468,4573.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I didn't do. Goldberger. No Daniel Carrion. I've done. The latest one I did was of Calvin Schwabe, who was a dear friend of mine. So there are two others that I haven't named.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4573.82,4598.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Are they all in emerging infectious diseases?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4598.5,4601.676"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, just look under Schultz and you'll find. Yeah, I've also done a lecture. I did a lecture which you won't find anywhere because it was merely a lecture, but it turned out very well. I did it last December at CDC. The title was, did Charles Darwin have Chagas disease?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4601.676,4633.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, interesting. And what was your conclusion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4633.74,4640.236"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't want to give away the punchline, but I'll tell you the premise. Darwin took the famous voyage of the beagle, which lasted for almost five years. Three and a half were on land, and when he was in western Argentina. On March 25, 1835, he wrote in his diary that he was bitten. Bye. A giant benchuca bug, the great black bug of the pampas, which we know nowadays is iriduvid, which is the vector of Chagas disease. Do you know what Chagas disease is? Okay, so when Darwin returned to England, he was ill, and he remained ill for the next 40 years of his life. He led a reclusive life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4640.236,4713.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e There's some thought he was a hypochondriac.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4713.5,4718.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You've got it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4718.26,4720.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e You've got the answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4720.42,4722.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Good for you. I gave the lecture, giving his life history, talking about his health, and then pointing out the evidence for and against his having a Chagas. And the evidence is overwhelmingly against it. On the other hand, if you inspect his diary, which I was able to do when I lived in England, Sel and I went to his homestead called downhouse. His diary is filled with all his physical ailments, recording his bowel movements every day and whether he had ear ringing in his ears. And this went on for years. And he was seen by 20 physicians in his life. Some were famous physicians, and nobody ever diagnosed anything physical. Also, of his ten children, seven survived to adulthood, and five of those seven had hypochondriasis, or depression. And his constant focusing on his bodily functions and being cared for by his wife, totally trying to bring her name to mine. It'll come to me. She was of the pottery family, Wedgwood family. She tended to his every need. It all points to me that he was a hypochondriac. So I gave the lecture. I came to the conclusion that he didn't have Chagas. And then I gave some after thoughts which pointed to the fact he was hypochondriasis. And my friend said to me afterwards, he said, Mike, you surprised us. Why did you take that turn? They thought I was for sure going to say that he had Chaka's disease. But the evidence doesn't point that way. So that's another bit of work I've done. Another work I've done is biographical work on Joseph Goldberger. He's a great hero of mine. Goldberger was a public health service commissioned officer who spent 15 years of his life working out the etiology of Pellagra. And he showed convincingly that it wasn't an infectious disease, it was a nutritional deficiency disease. Unfortunately, he died before he could get to the final answer as to which nutritional element it was. But for many years, CDC has used his data as a teaching exercise for EIS officers, and they tell the officers at the outset, we won't tell you what the disease is because that will give you a bias. We're just going to give you the data and as you put the data together, we're going to give you more and more data until you can make a hypothesis and come to your own conclusion. And then at the end, they're told, this is Joseph Goldberger's own data that he created, and it's all about Pellagra. And then I get to the stage and I give him an hour about Joseph Goldberger. Not only what he did, but his methods were so pure, and I encouraged the officers to ambulate. And for me, it's a story that I feel duty bound to tell and tell and tell and tell, because it's a great epic in public health. And lastly, another work I did in medical history was titled the Strange Case of Robert Louis Stevenson, which I published in the AMA Journal and involves Stevenson writing the strange case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde in three days and three nights with no rest. When he was done, he showed it to his wife, Fanny, who didn't like it. She thought it should be an allegory. He got very unhappy. He threw the manuscript in the fire and he wrote the second version in three days and three nights. And when he was done, he was exhilarated, not tired one bit. After six days and six nights, he said, I've got my shilling. Shocker. And it turned out to be a successful book. Short or a short story? So the question is how this was done. While he was lying in bed with consumption, tb. How could he have done that? And that's what I address. So the manuscript's downstairs. I'm too lazy to run down, so I'll tell you the story. This was done in the fall of 1885, when cocaine was first introduced into pharmacopoeia. It was also a time when Sigmund Freud was experimenting on it. He had three years involvement with cocaine in Stevenson's life. He had a laryngeal disorder for which his physician, Thomas Bodley Scott, gave him morphine. And Stevenson wrote, it cures the bray, but it sews up the donkey. And I found a notation from Stevenson's stepson that his mother, Fanny Osborne Stevenson, was an avid reader of the lancet to find anything that might help her husband. And sure enough, six weeks before he wrote Jekyll and Hyde, there was a paper in the lancet about how good cocaine is for laryngeal disorder. And then, to top it off further, when it was all done weeks afterwards. Stevenson said, well, I didn't write it. My brownies wrote it for me. And he said this about one other short story that he wrote in the same time period. And I interpret this to be lilliputian hallucinations, which is a phenomenon described in the medical literature that comes from cocaine and other drugs. So that was my paper. I gave it, what was it, four or five years ago, Atlanta Medical History Society went over. Well, that's where I get my fun out of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=4722.66,5300.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds so interesting. I can see how that would be fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5300.1,5304.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we could go on, but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5304.06,5312.03"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It'S fun to delve into history. Well, do you have any things that you wish I would have asked that I didn't, that we should have covered?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5312.03,5325.51"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e There's so much to be said about Doctor Langmuir. We really didn't discuss him very much, but I'm sure you've gotten inputs about him. He was an important influence in my life. What he gave me was opportunity, like he gave everybody else. Oh, there's a lovely story about that. I can only give you an approximation, but I remember this being told he was in the company of a young man when they were entering a lecture hall where there was a meeting of the American College of Epidemiology going on. And the young man said to Doctor Langmuir, Doctor Langmuir, I want to thank you for all the things you've given me. You gave me so much opportunity. And Doctor Langmuir, in his modest voice, said, yeah, you see all these people in here? The same is true of them you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5325.51,5407.044"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Had in London, as he was sitting in the chair and you were talking to him about a paper you had written. Yeah, you wanted him to look at. And you brought up something that Baumgarten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5407.044,5422.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Those two different episodes, but I'll share them with you. The first one, so was reminding of, he visited us in London because he had been in Geneva and it was his practice to. Don Millar, in the previous year, was visited by Alex and I think others who were students at the London school. So he very kindly visited us and he sat in a chair in our living room, and I gave him the two manuscripts that I was writing for my thesis, were required to produce a thesis, and he promptly fell asleep. He never read them. But the later in the year, in the fifth floor, which I'll once again say fifth floor of building one, was the center of the universe, I was standing in the corridor holding a postcard, and the postcard was an acceptance from the New England Journal of Medicine. About one of those two papers. And Doctor Lamier strolled by and I showed it to him and he smiled and didn't say a word. But that meant everything. To have his approval, you know, is priceless. So that was a sweet memory. The other is, he was a guest in our home for a Sunday supper. Alan Steer was the other guest, the man who discovered Lyme disease. And Doctor Langmuir was talking, and during the course of the conversation he said, he has a friend who has a personal chinese cook, do you remember? And I said, who might that be? He said, leona Baumgartner. So I said, oh, she's the author of the bio bibliography, the Fractasaurus, which she is. But he was stunned. He didn't know that I knew anything about her. Of course, she was famous in her own right. She was commissioner of health of New York City. And I didn't know. But at that very time he was courting her and she was on around the world trip and he was sending flowers to every hotel she stopped at. But I remember being stunned when I said that subsequently they came to our home for one evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5422.78,5645.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, she loved the Pete the best that she ever had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5645.12,5656.64"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e So there will be three commissioners of health of New York that I've known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5656.64,5664.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I knew too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5664.4,5665.632"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Leona Baumgartner personally, David sensor and Tom Frieden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5665.632,5673.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I knew helbo and Fleck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5673.9,5678.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm talking about New York City cell, not New York state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5678.58,5685.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. Think of those people that you have in your home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5685.38,5690.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Incredible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5690.82,5691.412"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, Sal was a great hostess and we were getting international visitors all the time. And she opened the home to everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5691.412,5704.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e It was just an open house. We had a big house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5704.19,5709.43"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I bet your children enjoyed that and learned a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5709.43,5712.198"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't know what was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5712.198,5715.47"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I think they were indifferent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5715.47,5718.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e They were so busy with their activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5718.95,5721.526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It was probably normal to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5721.526,5723.448"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, exactly. Somebody wants my room. Fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5723.448,5730.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, the admiral. Remember, you must hear this. We were visited by. Do you remember his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5730.72,5744.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Turned it off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5744.16,5746.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you want? You can leave it on. We were visited by. I can't remember his name. But he was a real gentleman. He was a retired admiral of the British Navy. Yes. Oh, they wanted to. His partner in England wanted to start a journal that. That they thought I could help advise them on. So he took a trip to the States and we booked him in the Emory Inn. And they found that it was very unsatisfactory. Some things weren't working out for them. So I took him into our home as Gusdev, which was a good term. And we heard so many stories. He was torpedoed twice in his career.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5746.28,5807.306"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I made dinner, and as I was feeling the carrots, I had a drain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5807.306,5815.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You had what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5815.93,5816.77"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e My drain stopped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5816.77,5822.05"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course it did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5822.05,5825.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e The plumber was good. Okay, you can continue with the good stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5825.62,5831.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, just the fact that we could have a retired admiral in our home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5831.26,5837.652"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, and he was wonderful. Very colorful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5837.652,5842.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And Professor Garnham came and visited us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5842.26,5846.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Going back to the admiral. Wasn't he on the ship with FDR?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5846.06,5853.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Possibly, but what I remember so well is that he was torpedoed twice. Came close to losing his life twice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5853.15,5865.87"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I think the name started with an a.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5865.87,5873.83"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, these are experiences that you couldn't pay money to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5873.83,5886.36"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e They invited us to London to be their guests. Of course, we didn't go, but we had a great time together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5886.36,5895.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We went to Professor Garnham, Professor Garnham's home out in the suburbs of England. And we sat in the chair. That.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5895.84,5908.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it. Shaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5908.4,5910.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e George Bernard Shaw, wrote in, we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5910.16,5915.048"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Lived a life that we never dreamed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5915.048,5919.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's. I think that sums up public health career. In public health. Do you feel like it was chance encounters that got you where you are? Because I hear that so many times from so many people. Just someone mentioning, oh, have you heard about Eis? And then people come and they're converted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5919.08,5943.654"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, I said this to you in Roger's patio, and you said, yes, everybody says this. And it's true. In my experience, I had no concept of what the public health service was. When I got my commission, it was in the form of a little diploma. I had no idea what it stood for. Not a single idea. I didn't know that we ultimately would be wearing uniforms. I had no idea of the. The wondrous place that CDC was. It was just extraordinarily good luck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5943.654,5993.668"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, Mike did his internship in Boston in a public health service hospital before he came here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5993.668,5999.964"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, but it was Garth Johnson, your professor, your boss, my professor, who told us, go to Atlanta. We were reluctant to go to Atlanta because we thought there was racism here and we didn't know what it was like, but we just backed up and went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=5999.964,6027.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it makes you wonder how many people stayed away for that reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6027.67,6033.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the big magnet, this didn't influence me, but it did influence people in the years immediately after me was the Vietnam War, and there was a draft for physicians. And the way to get around that was to get a commission in the public health service. So they called the Eis the yellow berets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6033.67,6062.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e But they took in the cream of the crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6062.71,6065.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that was Alex's doing, because he was very highly regarded by professors of medicine in leading universities. So he would say to them, send me in so many words. Send me your best and your brightest. Oh, and I must say this. I haven't said it yet, but I consider that era Camelot. There was a simultaneous camelot in Washington under the Kennedy administration, and I didn't know I was in Camelot until I looked backwards on it. But surely it was Camelot. It was a golden time with great leadership, great opportunities, nobody telling you you can't do this or can't do that. Experiences I had in my late teens and early twenties living on a farm, that gave me the strength to do it because I had to work hard for a goal. And I used to milk 100 cows every morning and every night, and I enjoyed it. But I knew I was tough enough to. To do it. So that gave me strength, built character, you might say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6065.35,6173.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I knew a lot of medical students, and when I met Mike, I knew this one was very special. I don't think you've ever heard me say that. But he was very mature, and.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6173.93,6195.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e He.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6195.78,6196.052"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Was just very interesting, just like today. You always learned a little bit from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6196.052,6204.188"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Him that's made your marriage last how long?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6204.188,6209.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Going on 53 in August.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6209.5,6213.476"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's wonderful. Congratulations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6213.476,6216.636"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Thanks to congratulations. Let's see, maybe on our 50th, I came up with something about we lived a life that we never planned, a dream that we never planned, a life that we never.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6216.636,6236.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Mayor Yueli would say, faire de la vie une reve et fer de la reve une realite. Make of life a dream, and make of that dream a reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6236.73,6250.48"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's beautiful. I think that's a good place to wrap up, right? Thank you both so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6250.48,6261.152"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. I really enjoyed it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461#t=6261.152,6264.152"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132682/file/247461/transcript/68977/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/977/original/transcript_1765826100.vtt20251215-2593616-e9utg.vtt20251215-2593616-e9utg?1765826100","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/977/original/transcript_1765826100.vtt20251215-2593616-e9utg.vtt20251215-2593616-e9utg?1765826100"}]}]}]}