{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5q4rj4b747/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Hollis, Mark"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Mark Hollis was the Medical Officer in Charge of the Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) Program within in the Public Health Service from 1944-1946. MCWA was the predecessor of the Communicable Disease Center (CDC). Mark Hollis also became the first Executive Officer of the CDC in 1946. He shares his experiences about the early days of CDC. Interviewed by Dr. William Foege and William Watson, Jr."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dr. Mark Hollis was the Medical Officer in Charge of the Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA) Program within in the Public Health Service from 1944-1946. MCWA was the predecessor of the Communicable Disease Center (CDC). Mark Hollis also became the first Executive Officer of the CDC in 1946. He shares his experiences about the early days of CDC. Interviewed by Dr. William Foege and William Watson, Jr."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/446/small/Hollis_Mark.jpg?1727919358","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 1985_Hollis_Mark.mp3"]},"duration":2689.01878,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/446/small/Hollis_Mark.jpg?1727919358","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/446/original/1985_Hollis_Mark.mp3?1722773446","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2689.01878,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[Deepgram Transcript] 1985 Hollis, Mark [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Form this year and that we can have a very productive year. Interpreting for us today is Edward K. Since it's beginning, Cdc has had many able manager years. 1 of public health leading, outstanding, managerial teams today is doctor Jim Mason, doctor Don Hopkins. Doctor Mason, Cdc director and currently acting assistant secretary for health and and Doctor Don Hopkins Deputy director Cdc and currently acting director Cdc.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=0.35784,40.27365"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Both leaders are so good in fact that it's difficult to imagine either giving advice to the other. We can think, however, that doctor hopkins might offer 1 suggestion to doctor Mason. Excuse me. And that is, doctor Mason, I wish you come home. Well, doctor Mason is here today, and it is a pleasure to have him introduce our guest, doctor Mason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=40.27365,72.14999"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Priscilla. I want all of you to know that it is a... Great honor to be asked to introduce the first director of the Cdc. You know, we've had a of directors come back, but it isn't often that we get the first director back. And so it's my privilege to have this opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=72.14999,96.90135"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor William Mercer H. Mark H. He's known here at Cdc. Interestingly is not a physician. We sort of think of previous directors or directors of Cdc as being in the health care ended history and indeed, doctor H is, but he was an engineer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=96.90135,121.72295"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He attended the University of Georgia, where he received a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering in 19 31. And then the University of Florida confer to doctorate to in 19 56. After he graduated from undergraduate school, he worked with the Rockefeller Foundation before joining public health service in 19 33. Doctor H during the period of world war 2 was heavily involved in the control of so called tropical diseases that were a menace to our military forces, and it would seem logical that when Cdc's fore runner, malaria control in war areas was established here in the Southeastern United States that doctor H would be involved in that activity. And I can see Mary Brooke over there, and I think Marion can almost think back or remember back to those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=121.72295,184.87093"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e We're honored to have him here too. And so Doctor H became involved with the very roots, the very foundation of what was to become the comm disease center. And when with the leadership of Bernie, Joseph Mountain and Mark H himself. In 19 44, Cdc was established. And doctor H was that first director.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=184.87093,213.43578"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And he served during the period of time when Cdc was going through its most formative years from 19 44 through December of 19 46. That did not and Doctor H career. He continued to serve in the public health service, for 15 years. He was an assistant surgeon general, chief engineer with the rank of major general He has served in a number of positions, but I'm just going to outline some of the items that this man, a visionary man was responsible for doing. His early concern even when he was with Cdc was with regard to the environment, man what were pesticides going to do with the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=213.43578,267.1796"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And early in 19 fifth 50, he became concerned with the unrestricted discharges of heavy metals as basic biological threat. So he was... He spoke out strongly about the growing significance of poll in the environment. So a lot of things that Cdc is doing today with occupational health and safety with environmental health, with the non comm disease and infectious disease process is, he was involved in even though Cdc had no responsibility for those areas. He has served with the world Health organization first as, chief engineer in Geneva Switzerland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=267.1796,317.73428"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He's been the chief engineer of the Pan American Health organization from 19 74 to 19 80. He worked in the state of Florida or was living in state of Florida where he was a member of the governor's environmental Regulation commission and served as its vice chairman. In 19 81 to 19 83 in the state of Florida, he was a member of the State Public Health council. Currently, He's a consultant to the public supermarket corporation in Florida. And in that capacity, it's worth mentioning that the public super market chain is owned by doctor H his Son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=317.73428,362.47705"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And doctor H does consultative work for that live supermarket chain. It's a great honor, Mark to have you come back to Cdc and spend time with us. He was willing to take his time and has dictated an oral history so that we can go back and capture those formative years of Cdc. We do express appreciation for your willingness to come and spend the day with us, and now I'm honored to turn the time over to you for your discussion. And comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=362.47705,413.3855"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank you very much, Doctor Mason and to each of you a, very warm, good afternoon. And to our principal collaborators for this session, a delhi a hot. Thank you for this opportunity, this privilege again to be before colleagues at Cdc. But first, at the risks, sir of being out of water. I do wish you would stay in Washington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=413.3855,448.45248"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e You've got able to assistance here, and we need that level handed this and that vision that you're able to give at a point in time when it's real and needed. So I venture to take that but liberty. The it's good to be able to get back. Now it's been about 40 years. There perhaps, 1 in a time and comes about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=448.45248,481.88223"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The it's really astounding though to get back here and see what has evolved from that very modest beginning of Cdc, 19 45, late 19 45 and really in full official existence in 19 46. And I'm not speaking of the physical facility, our facilities of yep should say because they're on time is about 6 or 8 of them as impressive as these or I'm speaking of the scientific achievements. Of the recognition and the contributions that this Cdc has made. I think it goes perhaps beyond what some of you hear real lies. The the en inevitable reputation of Cdc nationally and and, internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=481.88223,536.5992"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Now about this particular session, I was told, get up here and sort of relax and rem, I think was the expression, but I was sure that was just arch and surely. No 1 on your style would unleash and old retiree, un unrivaled, uninterrupted. Just to get up, relax and rem. Dick 1 now that's passed the 3 score in 10 plus 7, that that's the age when you asked the time you have to first explain how you bill a war And how it works, and course by then you have forgotten the question. That's about the way it goes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=536.5992,587.45166"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Just few younger people, you've got 30 odd years before you realize this, but as a tip off of, for the years ahead, you know you're getting old when you have to bend down the tie your shoe. And you begin to ponder there as you do it, what else can I do while I'm down here? So can you. You know you're getting earl when they say when almost everything hurts. And what doesn't hurt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=587.45166,620.5515"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Doesn't work. So it's another tip off or when you reach the age where you know all the answers, but nobody asks the question. So and do any good. Are they're all saying, you know, you're getting 17 around the neck, 40 around the waist and about a hundred and 20 around golf course, another indication and so it goes. But I bought have my young colleague here, Scott Char, young chemist, who is a, in in spite of his youth the, director of a new department down at the public supermarket chan of quality assurance department at the core structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=620.5515,663.874"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We're trying to educate these corporate executives down there. They better watch their health implications when they get into the manufacturing business as they are doing in a big way. I brought him in on 2 2 counts really. I told him first to if I began to drift up and a tangent, he's supposed to look at his watch high enough. So I can spot it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=663.874,687.5877"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And I'll get try to get back on being, best I can if Haven't lost my place. And second, he's a bachelor. I told him master generally know you're born in Florida the very few P meridian pure Flo meridian. Most of them are transplant Georgian like I had. But I said I'll take you up there and introduce you around and maybe 1 of the Georgia girls will take an interest in, and that will kinda offset the fact that you are Georgia and you went to v bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=687.5877,717.0748"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e That'll kinda compensate for those deficiencies So he's he's with men will watch out front over. Now, I'm not sure what I'm gonna try to do and in a this afternoon was work not. But I've been wanting seeking an opportunity to try out something on the and the environmental area of here, how history repeats itself, and I'm gonna try it. And after all, you all waste 15 minutes so you could spare that. But during my Who years and Geneva.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=717.0748,751.23096"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We had a very distinguished and noted the East Indian director of our Who Asian region and doctor Brewster monte. Yeah. Some of you that it traveled in India perhaps have met him. He's was, trained in England, but went back home and was in the Indian medical service 1 of the top incidentally public health mines in India. He told me once an I remembered it he that if you by chance, find yourself, uninstall, up before distinguished peers, it's good advice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=751.23096,791.3241"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e If you seek a reference and distant time and space. And then by all means stick to basics, and you'll get by. So today that I will will attempt to do. And I'll do it on the on the very light side. Now, for reference, I'm pick a pick 1.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=791.3241,814.44495"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure familiar to all of you. Brought back some 20 2500 years to her poc classic epi epidemiological observations in which he linked human illnesses to the heirs and the waters and the land and the, diets, and all the related w of external, a a condition that lasted through the through the centuries. And I'm gonna add 1 other a point of this that it was this decade, hundred years ago, this decade that we caught enough of the validation of the germ theory that would spawn the breakthroughs that led of course, to this great twentieth century advancement in public health and in the well beings of people. And now with that background, just a few few observations. To me the environment, ecology pollution syndrome, fall pretty much and 4 overlapping areas that can be, I think distinguished a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=814.44495,891.6368"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The first era is at 2400 years from my ap to some understanding of German infections. A period when man's principal ally was isolation and the vast resilience, an adaptive capacity day of the human. So forth the ad lin. Pandemics you tar infections, and tar diseases were rampant pain, infant mortality, gas. Like expectancy how at of below 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=891.6368,929.8859"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The second year of 50 years. This is 1900 to 19 50 a giant leap forward, having the scientific knowledge and understanding of munich and infectious diseases. In 19 twenties, we got state crude speaking, state and local health structures began to take shape it. The third came the mass immunization. The 1 drugs says says benchmarks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=929.8859,959.05005"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The quarantine sign began to fade back the by pages of the history text. The disease that disease yielded to this, onslaught. And I would remind you that the environmental controls provided the key through these years pretty much led their way. And well documented are the accomplishments. The reductions on infant mortality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=959.05005,986.705"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e There's a pressure of childhood diseases, the control of a adult germs spawn abilities, and, understanding of the environmental general environmental impact. And these these accomplishments together with the logistic of transport, I I think 1 can say with confidence is what spurred the mass rule urban migration phenomena that took place in this period. And for us in the services 19 2, the Marine hospital service. Began the public health and marine hospital service. Surgeon blue was surgeon general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=986.705,1030.163"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I was privileged to meet him on. My dad, I should have said was in a service. Ahead of me. He was a medical surgeon. Had experiences China, back when we had hospitals over there, we were in different places in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1030.163,1043.9581"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e He wound up in new orleans ends at the plague epidemic and so us. So there were... There's a personal background history, and I kind of feel proud of the fact that I knew had met, shaking hand so speak with certain blue certain blue and then served directly under 5 surgeons general from blue with starting with doctor the hugh coming on shellfish research. Back in the day when we're trying to figure ways to quote past eyes quote shoulders. I don't dare get off on on that tangent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1043.9581,1080.932"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And But at other benchmarks is related to the environmental field, of course, was the 19 12 act, which put for the first time, legally. Federal water problems, water pollution, stream pollution in the public health service. And incidentally, that was the act that finished the transition of Nam the, from the a public health marine hospital service to the public health service. They Pearl Harbor coming as it dead, and so totally unexpected. It was no, I think shocked that we got in to the conflict, but we didn't anticipate getting to it in that sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1080.932,1126.223"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And we wanna get off on that 1 either. But this of opened up a whole quit new vista. Here you were going to have, problems. With them with tropical diseases. So it has the establishment of Mc, the malaria control in war areas And the rationale being, of course, over simplified a bit is that, states side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1126.223,1150.3634"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We were gonna have mobilization and training. Throughout the sun belt in areas of, malaria, tai some dying, etcetera. And then the war on the Pacific Islands, no question. They is would exposed troops to unprecedented. That exposure to tropical diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1150.3634,1170.7866"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e So the combined 2 was the formation of, Mc. There were 3 locations. 3 states thought have for the headquarters of, Mc, Atlanta was chosen. It was a fourth quarter area headquarters, it was an a rail hub of some note, even in those days, 4 and access to Washington made it quite simple to to move. So it was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1170.7866,1199.5879"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e It became and sort of throughout the war as the American controller juarez, which was expanded into ty of and to the other problems even in nose era. Now as early as 19 43, there was some early remarks about the, post Mc years. What would happen, what would be needed? And 3 things stand out talked to Karen felt there would be need to maintain some sur surveillance and some tight watch on the emergence of tropical infections as they might my in and migrate to certain to the states. The state health departments felt with returning troops there would be an import implementation of comm diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1199.5879,1243.4716"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And these 2 needed to be watched. There was a uncertainties is as to what would happen, and some of the other areas as we got back to, quote, normal in quote, whatever that is. We never reached it course. But, the principal factor, The man point that made the decision was a recognition that there was an urgent need for a competent, highly trained, specialized facility that would deal with feel that would backup up state health structures. We had the Nih emerged as you recall from the all collaborator down east, to the, Nih in Washington finally 19 30, and to the Eyes of h and 48.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1243.4716,1304.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e But this was the the the thought of and is was is the basic medical research arm of the service. It did feel investigations. Yes. But it they did them to support the bench. This new facility as it was envisioned would be converse converse to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1304.19,1325.909"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e It would do focus on field investigations. And complex problems, it would do bench research. Yes. But to the extent needed to support the field. So you had the 2 sentence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1325.909,1340.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And for the record I wanted to say, doctor Dyer, who was directed of Nih at the time, gave of his full support both in service and on the on the hill and congressional hearings to that concept. And also for the record, if May. The man most direct responsible that provided the greatest force behind the creation of Mc spite of what you will read in the firm in history was doctor Joseph Mount. And he deserves that, and I'm glad to have this opportunity to to just to say it. Now as to specific function that the center were differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1340.5,1391.3859"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And perhaps some major 1 was myself, and I... Again, Mason with your permission. I'm going to un burden a little bit. Of frustration that I've had for 40 years. Where it ought to be un burden right here at the senate, that the it seemed to me even in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1391.3859,1411.3657"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e These were early Cdc days. Now, we had the problems out line that we were gonna focus Cdc on for the first year anyway. The era medication of malaria, the suppression of type has knock those 2 things out while we had the machinery, and we would get into the creation of the sentence. But that was to come the second year. And I was sure I had 2 years, because doctor Per had already told me that I was gonna be brought be brought to Washington because he wanted a realign Nih.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1411.3657,1443.3258"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e He wanted to shift the emphasis in nih age from acute the chronic. He envision what we now phase, the cardiac problems, some mental health problems. The, cancer broad cancer problems and so forth. And he said when we're ready for that, but you've got 2 years before we ready, you can stay there for 2 years. I thought I had 2 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1443.3258,1465.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e But I didn't had an less had about a year. And, when he wanted to move ahead with that. And so went on. But the the rationale behind my point of and all frank was we had split the atom. We had ill defined future outlook as to what we would do with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1465.95,1485.5911"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And but what even in that vague ill ill definition, there was quite a bit of comprehension. What did we have here. Where are we ready for this sort of of a of an advancement. Now in my own mind, attracting little tent and then was the synthesized molecule. This was producing synthetic war needed synthetic session a fantastic pace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1485.5911,1511.8878"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We had the whole Okinawa basin. All night, during the war developed into producing synthetic materials. These were petrochemical based, they were organics, as waste material behaving pretty much like inorganic, long term periods of stabilizing and so forth that also, we... That populations were gonna concentrate. That was evident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1511.8878,1541.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to throw in that in 19 8, that was a year I to be born if you wonder how I got my 77. A 19 8 certain girl W. Wrote a memorandum and it's... I've got a copy, and it's a fantastic memo. Haven't been able...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1541.85,1557.3464"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I was going try to bring it out, but I didn't couldn't find it in the files. My own files. It was a memorandum to doctor Kerr was at that time it was incidentally in the service and his day. But he was system surgeon room for research. And this memorandum said, I can quote, I think without missing a word in the first part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1557.3464,1575.8588"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e He said, this is a memo to Doctor Curry, He said cities will grow, populations will concentrate. Industry will ex... Plan, there will be all sorts of pollution that will the human environment. And much of it will have health implications. And he instructed doctor Cor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1575.8588,1598.1748"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not trying to quote that part of it. To go out and find a center and set up a center that would look in to these physical problems of water supply and street pollution and without going into detail that was a 4 on of Cincinnati. But the stream sanitation station at that at that point. The Well, anyway, as I say I had less than a year, and I was then ordered back into Washington, and I outlined this to doctor Karen, he agreed he told me I could have the 2 years, move ahead whether he said. Promote it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1598.1748,1634.9392"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Get it underway, but then in, November, the end of November, early December and for and 46, he called and tell me he wanted to move ahead with nih and as soon as I could wind up to to help him find a replacement, and he I us to come up there and we're move ahead with glenn Shi topping on the conversion of Nih. Supposed So I went up in January 47, and April that committee was formed, and the, you know, the story on that 1. Now I still hold strongly the conviction that had cd and the beginning years, integrated a good solid base with with focus on these environmental stresses, these problems and have done as well with it, and I'm sure they would have, as they have done and did do with infections. That it would have saved the nation. A great deal of the confusion and, mix up and mess, I would call it we have in the environmental picture today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1634.9392,1714.3934"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e These were problems that have the seated medical or deep issues, and they blown in those made leblanc day under strong medical leadership, such as you have at Cdc and not in is I told Lang me when I debated with him on this many times, not out there in the shadows of the cad where we've got it. And I said, we're we're going to move ahead now in this whole question of radio health and because you and no 1 he'll touch it. We're gonna have to set it up out of Washington, and it's a wrong place that longs down at Cdc, and not his of course you know. It did come out and I think the t and his stopped did a remarkably good job, through those years with radio health those. We're back when we shooting off the park crackers out west.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1714.3934,1772.7928"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Sheep were dying, and we had to... Somebody had to take action, and this was put over in the service to to move ahead. Well, anyway, as I said that after 40 odd years, of got that off my chest. So I'll, go ahead with this. But it was delightful to come down here now and see that you I knew that had broadened out the nam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1772.7928,1802.2396"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We need not get into. We knew with that when it set. It was gonna have to be changed. I think it was remarkable that the cut a fitting and was able to salvage its initials, that, that had worked out. But the the point is is going to be more more...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1802.2396,1823.5271"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e There'll be more legion air type diseases, but there's gonna be more Ed, and with it confusion and I I was gonna say a case, but I'll skip over it. But these need... Attention. And now with your center for environmental health, I think now that's finally long in good hand. I'm glad to to note it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1823.5271,1848.9663"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Now the third era. We pass through the 2. The third era is this mid century to the current years and Now this was that fantastic leap of technological change and the United States it's from the war technologies that were, evolved, put in the practice, and it's that history too, you know, and the task at that time and the task today. My judgment is to to anticipate and to recognize these evolving trends, like social trends, political trends and economic trends, and then to go back and define these in terms of health impacts, quan them. And develop and understanding, not necessarily do the controls, either that to the control group, but understanding that can be applied, with a real sense from a prestigious organization to for public use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1848.9663,1917.0116"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The we've moved, of course, rapidly from, the questions of chronic disease, tie forwards to toxic from rats to from acute to chronic in this ladder where these wide separation have caused and effect that are so hard to to define. The speed is is and gaining momentum every day is speed speed and more speed. You've got decades, colliding, times, tele, the world shrinking down, and all of these factors, it it's almost a, a the anatomy of future environmental dilemma. And and what we have today is just today and we don't know much of what's gonna happen. So we come to the fourth year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1917.0116,1975.3971"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And that's up ahead. Again, I think you'd almost say history is going repeat itself. We are going to have more time now debating these issues, quarrel among ourselves, much of this is gonna get into emotional and extremism. That, a hard define, legal ism are taking place a lot of scientific judgments and so forth. And there's no better way I think to to keep it short and characterize this fourth projection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=1975.3971,2014.5958"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Then it'll like in it and to Dna, genetic engineering. This tinkering the light. Whether you like it or all, and whether you're ready or not, that genie is out of the bottle. And there's no more point. I I get this before the aca is recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2014.5958,2031.2145"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e When they said, we'll watch it. The the the decision we were fixing the send forward, the aca will watch it. This National academy will watch it. If we see any signs, we'll suggest, a legislation that will limit activity. That's not the way the human being is constituted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2031.2145,2052.1099"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e The seek to find to exploit to use. That's the nature of man and he's going use it. And if this comes about, then, I think that the genetic engineering is is going to open up vista with great potentials and not a little bit of concern. Za lord's preset that do not destroy what you cannot create. Now we've kinda live by that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2052.1099,2083.0264"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Now we see this looming now and reverse do not create but you cannot destroy. But as I say, this gene is out of the model, and we going to do it. Now seemingly and winding down here. Thus far, seemingly people are able to clear is congested environments. I think I've been pretty much as a stress induced, but and that's kind of coming to focus pretty well, that's aggravation of congestion of noise, tensions, mono.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2083.0264,2118.1333"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Drug of abuse. Accidents, crime. All of that fits this pattern and they changing in environment. I wish we had time to to review. I'm sure you're familiar with it anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2118.1333,2130.5867"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e There was early research at Nih on rats. If you put 40 rats in a and an environment fix for 40 and how healthy and happy and so forth and let them develop into instead of 4400 and see what you get and look at some of that. That grant is difference between rats and 9 with some times you wonder if this isn't a connection connecting link there some way. But seemingly, these people can survive in this environment and be reasonably healthy. My point would be this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2130.5867,2162.534"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Is this a real are a pseudo adaptation. And I don't think perhaps, we far enough along in it to do. But my question I don't answer. I just raise do we wait until, there are evidence of of social impacts of this and patients that are physiological measured or affecting the affecting man. Although we move now to try to reach some understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2162.534,2194.4983"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e A little bit of our talent, a little bit of our effort, and a portion to understand, and maybe ease some of these severe. Another 1 is the un b, right to grow and to exploit. Now, that's been the history of of our young country. The right to grow and exploit or on a collision course. I think we would agree with that as a general hypothesis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2194.4983,2225.0483"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And hence they must be somehow kept and to within the bounds of technological accommodations. Now if we apply that to the extent we do, then is it not proper or organized health movements to define this a little better to to try to, establish some innovative actions that will broaden apps, this come this, technological accommodations. Another 1 would be the byproduct level of radioactive ways. It's now past a half a million tons. Of this high level radio I waste in some sort of containers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2225.0483,2275.9856"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e We still debate and worry and what are we gonna do with it where we gonna store it and and etcetera, and it's growing every day, not only in the private sectors, but in a military use and development is and and the creation of, by product waste. And should not again, health agents is, be a little bit more active and then and trying to help define some, indication of the broad implications of of this. Another an I'll wind up on that is the talking with a colleague at General Motors corporation, general Electric, excuse. Their electric cooperation. He tells me that there's no question that their genetic gene splice bug will do what the press says it'll do on stabilizing, oral spills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2275.9856,2336.145"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And here you know, the Supreme court decision, you know, where we stand legally on on that, venice, and that's certainly spa the research gender genetic engineering and it's amazing how much is underway that if this that 1 wonders ponder again, Why can't we use genetic engineering and some of these toxic waste, particularly the ones that have petrochemical based origin. Again, it's a question. And if so how safe would it be? And again, so it goes. So again, for emphasis now, we live in this complex changing society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2336.145,2378.2415"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And this what is an age of disco continuity actually. Where heels of now are replacing the heels of scarcity of yesterday. We're in mesh in these complex webs of sophisticated stresses. And these are going to increase not the menace. And with all of this, the reactions are gonna involve, complex webs of sophisticated effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2378.2415,2410.6143"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And the point would leave if we could but resolve some of these different and could get this channel in the right way, and could, balance the equation political, technical, and, social that we might put these needed innovative research movements on the fast track. And to equate the scientific impact against the against the dilemma. Problems multiplying and time is certainly short. So my final plea and and closing off. Let's keep the scientific, intelligence phased with the issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2410.6143,2455.905"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And keep it on high scientific plan. Let's press for these needed innovative actions, geared to the major problems and to support that final thought. I'm gonna borrow the sentence out of Francis Bacon who you recall helped move man out of the dark into the renaissance. And this sentence into our quote. He that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2455.905,2487.9338"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e For time is the greatest innovator, and if time all things to the worst and wisdom and culture, so not alter them to the better. What shall be the end, and that's the thought, the 1 thought I'd like to leave. So now I'm gonna return back to the sidelines where all retirees is belong. And but I'm gonna retain the right to watch the criticize and the challenge and this sign tend to do I. And Geneva in 19 62, certain drone, luther came over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2487.9338,2524.7744"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e To the world assembly. And they asked me is that you've been retired about a year now, give me 1 good satisfaction of retirement. And my reply to him was salute luther there men. But if you limit me to 1, It's when I stand here and look west across that pond and see how you fellas are really messing up the works over. And I can speak out freely and so say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2524.7744,2551.706"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And I do it, Luther with not the slightest sense of guilt or sleepless nights. Why? Because there's an old retiree. I know no one's gonna pay a damn bit of attention. Say with that I'll sign but it is great to be back I certainly wish the very best for Cdc.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2551.706,2571.5059"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you your.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2571.5059,2584.9583"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Some right here. Someone, I don't know who it was said that the true measure of a person person's age is not how many years they've lived, but how they react to change. And I want you to know that we're dealing a teenager here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2584.9583,2610.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e With know, I've only been married 58 he is a wonderful girl really. And, she was quite worried about me coming up here. She said you got some. Questions you're haven't looked at them, and you, I'm concerned about it. You're not gonna price anybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2610.11,2625.9531"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e And I said, Honey, Question 32 years in this service as an engineer with medical and a medical environment. I had to keep time straight and shoes polish, clean shirt to be sure I got by with impression. And then we joined the Un went to Switzerland. Where a 95 percent had to do with impressions, 5 percent technically, all rest impressions. No I'm retired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2625.9531,2653.5657"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm down here farther, and I'm going up to Atlanta and just who the hell is that I'm supposed to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2653.5657,2661.5557"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e When you've been friends every 1 of us here and we thank you for coming, and we hope that you'll continue to criticize from the sun guidelines, but we're not gonna give you any reason to criticize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2661.5557,2672.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e as you said. Sidelines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2672.01,2681.5308"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446#t=2681.5308,2682.5308"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132668/file/247446/transcript/68959/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/959/original/transcript_1765571905.vtt20251212-2593616-5fq3an.vtt20251212-2593616-5fq3an?1765571906","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/959/original/transcript_1765571905.vtt20251212-2593616-5fq3an.vtt20251212-2593616-5fq3an?1765571906"}]}]}]}