{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/cf9j38n375/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Feorino, Paul"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["12756"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum","Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from the David J. 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I'm interviewing Dr. Feorino in his home in Clarksville, Georgia. Today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=6.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is Thursday, May 10, 2018. I'm interviewing Dr. Feorino as part of an oral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=11.0,17.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history project to document CDC's early response to the AIDS epidemic. I'm also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=17.0,23.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joined by Dr. Harold [W.] Jaffe, who is serving as an advisor to the project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=23.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Feorino, welcome to the project. Do I have your permission to interview you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=30.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to record the interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=36.0,38.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=38.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Thank you. Dr. Jaffe, do I have your permission to include you in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=39.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this interview as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=45.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=47.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Paul, you first came to CDC in 1957 as a Research Microbiologist in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=48.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Virology Section's Enterovirus Unit. You worked some 24 years before the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=54.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfirst cases of what would become known as AIDS were reported in the June 1981","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=59.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report [MMWR]. AIDS then became the focus of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=67.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last ten years of your CDC career. However, before we talk about all this, let's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=74.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start at the beginning. Could you tell us where you grew up and about your early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=82.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=90.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: 1929, February, Brooklyn. It was before the Great Depression. That came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=91.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, in the months of October-November. It was while they still had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=97.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prohibition, although in New York City in Prohibition, we probably had over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=103.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1,000 speakeasies in Manhattan. You had a lot of immigrants at that time, none","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=109.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whom were against ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=116.0,118.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndrinking, and I don't know anyone who really didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=118.0,124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[drink]. Grandpa made wine before, during and after [Prohibition]. Made pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=124.0,131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good wine, good table wine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=131.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up [with] immigrants, of course, second and third generations, and it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=134.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually was a very good place to grow up. The neighborhood was stable. All my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=142.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends had parents, and during the Depression, they had a job, so we weren't at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=151.0,160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lowest strata.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=160.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City schools were great. During the Depression, getting a job as a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=162.0,171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"solid -- teacher, a good solid job, that was priceless. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=171.0,177.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHigh school, they had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=177.0,179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"special high schools. The Bronx had the School of Science, and the school I went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=179.0,188.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to majored mostly in math. We had Ph.Ds. teaching, and they didn't have Ph.Ds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=188.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in education. Dr. Dinsmore had [a degree in] chemistry, and he wrote the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=196.0,204.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chemistry book. Dr. Wyrak was the biology teacher. The physics teacher had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=204.0,212.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degree from Freiburg [Albert Ludwig University of Freiberg], and he had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=212.0,219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dueling scar. The history teacher had a radio program as a news commentator. So,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=219.0,227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you really had very good teachers, and of course, you had good kids and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=227.0,235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=235.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nparents. The kids' health was important, but after that it was school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=236.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was nothing second. You had to do good in school, and that was the way out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=245.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Paul, after what sounds like a very interesting time growing up in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=258.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City in Brooklyn, where did you end up going to college and graduate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=267.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, and what did you study there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=278.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: First of all, in our neighborhood, people didn't get sent to college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=283.0,292.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a very low ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=292.0,296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npercentage. But at that time the government had the GI Bill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=296.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so I joined the Army. I was a little ahead [in school], so as soon as I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=301.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turned 17 after high school, I joined the Army, and that's the way I got the GI","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=310.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill. While I was in the Army, when you came out, they had a program. If you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=318.0,326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scored more than 140 on some test, the AGCT [Army General Classification Test]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=326.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"-- I don't know whether it was an intelligence test, although intelligence and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=332.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Army don't quite go together [LAUGHTER] ---but if you scored over 140, your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=338.0,345.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regimental commander could recommend you for West Point. But you had to join","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=345.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one-year pre-post, four years at the Point, three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=351.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyears post. It would be eight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=355.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, and the two or three years I had already would have-- so, I inquired, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=358.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they said, \"Oh, yes.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=366.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were interested in tropical medicine at that time, and possibly I could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=368.0,375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent to medical school or to graduate school, but [it would take] ten, eleven","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=375.0,382.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. Also, when I joined up, I had signed up for the Airborne, because jump","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=382.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pay was fifty dollars. Hell, for a hundred I would have jumped without a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=389.0,396.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parachute [LAUGHTER]-- but that would be about four hundred, five hundred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=396.0,401.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dollars now. I mean, money was important during the Depression. Okay, the Army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=401.0,407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then decided they needed warm bodies. I took pre-jump training in Fort Knox,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=407.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[and then] went to [Fort] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=413.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBenning and took the first couple of weeks. Then Korea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=415.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got kind of funny, and they decided-- they made the sign of the cross and you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=420.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became infantrymen. I figured when I finished my Point, West Point, I would have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=428.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied for medical school or graduate school. If they had too many [docs], they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=435.0,442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have stuck me wherever they pleased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=442.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got mobilized out, and I looked for college in New York City, because then I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=445.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could live at home and save money. I tried St. John's [University] and Columbia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=453.0,460.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[University]. I got accepted to both of them, but St. John's was two hundred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=460.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dollars a year less and closer to where I could get a job, so I went to St. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=467.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nJohn's. I usually got through by 5:00. Then there was a racetrack near my home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=476.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt Racetrack, and I got a job there. That started at 6:00 and went to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=484.0,492.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"11:00, so every day I went -- I'm the only college student who went to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=492.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racetrack every day. We did light maintenance and clean-up. If something broke","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=500.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while it was going on, the major work got done during the day. So that's how I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=506.0,515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got through St. John's and worked at the racetrack. That was from April through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=515.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"November. In December, I worked at the post office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=522.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there was an opening up in Albany, [in the] Division of Laboratory and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=527.0,534.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Research, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=534.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand we took a test for that. Two of us, me and [Dr.] Fred Rapp, who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=535.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a well-known herpes virologist for years -- he died a little early of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=544.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stomach cancer. I went up to work there, and I worked in the bloodwork lab for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=552.0,561.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about three months. Dr. [Gilbert] Dalldorf, who was the discoverer of Coxsackie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=561.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus, put me on his staff. At that time, the only way of passing polio [virus]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=568.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in chimps and IC [intracerebral]. A few years before, Dr. [John F.] Enders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=577.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with [Dr. Frederick C.] Robbins and [Dr. Thomas H.] Weller had written that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=585.0,593.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could transfer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=593.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npolio in human or monkey fibroblasts. The field would not have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=594.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been possible without that. They got the Nobel Prize for that. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=600.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also New York had a program [that] if you were a [veteran] vet, each county","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=607.0,615.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could get a scholarship for graduate work. I took it, and I got it. It was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=615.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$1,400 for four years. They covered four years, $350 a year. There's been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=624.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhat inflation. Anyway, I was very lucky because I got to do tissue culture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=631.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was the first -- that was one of the big changes in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=639.0,648.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Where was it that you went to graduate school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=648.0,654.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=654.0,655.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSiena [College]. I worked from 8:00 to 5:00, 5:30 actually; 6:00,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=655.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siena, 6:00 to 11:00 every day. You got to do the tissue culture for the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=662.0,672.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and at first -- it was before HeLa cells -- so you used either primary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=672.0,682.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"monkey, or in our case, we didn't have an animal facility, we didn't have any of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=682.0,692.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, so I used human tissue. I got some hysterectomies from across the street","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=692.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Albany Medical [Center], and I put plasma in the bottom of a little T-75 tube","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=701.0,711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with enough heparin to just barely keep it from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=711.0,717.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nclotting. Then you minced up the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=717.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uterine tissue, and that's hard tissue, and--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=720.0,724.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Very muscular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=724.0,726.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: -- put that into tissue culture fluid with extracts. Then you put it in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=726.0,734.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a bent eyedropper and put it along the bottom of the tube, and the extract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=734.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"causes it to go into a clot. Now you have little bits of maybe 2-3 milliliter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=742.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mL), and it stuck. Then you put tissue culture fluid in it, and then you look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=750.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at it with a microscope. First the epithelial cells come out, and they die off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=758.0,766.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then fibroblasts start coming out. Polio and some other of the enteroviruses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=766.0,773.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will kill it, and you've got a cytopathogenic effect, CPE. This allowed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=773.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nus to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=779.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take and study eighty, one hundred, two hundred patient entities instead of two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=780.0,787.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred chimps you couldn't have done it. And that's the way we started. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=787.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later we got the monkey facilities, and we switched over to monkey kidneys, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=795.0,803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could get about 1,500 tubes out of a monkey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=803.0,809.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: It sounds like a real art form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=809.0,814.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, it was, it was. I was also lucky. [Dr.] Dalldorf got one of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=814.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first ultracentrifuges, a diagnostic ultracentrifuge; not a two-tenths of an mL","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=823.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you could put 100 mL in. It was a Spinco. They got bought out by Beckman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=829.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Instruments]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=839.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut for $3,000 you got three rotors and the machine. They were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=840.0,847.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aluminum, so they weren't bad. There wasn't any tungsten at that time. We could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=847.0,855.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spin down the pure virus, and I did some sizing. Depending upon the velocity of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=855.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the particle coming down, you can measure it. All the Coxsackies I did were 20","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=863.0,871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 30 [millimicrons or mμ], except this one kept coming out wrong. It turned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=871.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out it was [echovirus] echo 10. It was a hundred [millimicrons]. I did that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=879.0,887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven times before I realized it was rhinovirus. Okay. While [I was] there, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=887.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got one promotion. Oh, I worked for the magnificent sum of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=895.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n $3,291.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=901.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That was your salary?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=902.0,905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Per year. Now, [with] inflation, probably about six, seven, so that's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=905.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about $20,000. At that time, I had already had a couple of kids. I went to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=912.0,921.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office-- I saw it on a bulletin board, CDC was starting the polio program. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=921.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied for that, and, typical government, I applied in August, and I heard not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=929.0,937.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a word until June. They called up and said, \"Can you come next week?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=937.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That does sound typical!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=945.0,948.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I didn't feel that was right. I had to give the people up in Albany at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=948.0,957.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"least a month [notice]. I came down, and I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=957.0,962.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhired by [Dr. Seymour S.] Sy Kalter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=962.0,966.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: What year was it that you came to CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=966.0,971.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: '57 actually, and [Dr.] Morris Schaeffer and the virology were all down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=971.0,978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Montgomery. There was no virology up in Atlanta at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=978.0,984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Montgomery, Alabama?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=984.0,986.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Montgomery, Alabama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=986.0,988.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Was where CDC's virology labs were located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=988.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, that was the lab down there. They had a few things up here, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=992.0,1000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the virology lab was down there. So, I get hired, and I said, \"What do you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1000.0,1008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need?\" What they wanted me to do was make reagents for all 48 states, 48. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1008.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed antigen and antibodies so they could test out the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1016.0,1021.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nvaccine. The only test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1021.0,1023.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that most labs could do at that time was a complement fixation test, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1023.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consisted of the wing of a bat and the eye of a newt [LAUGHTER}, and you stirred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1031.0,1040.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. What you did was, you took the purported antigen and antibody, and if there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1040.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an antigen-antibody complex, it would fix complement, and you'd put a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1048.0,1055.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain amount of the complement in. Okay, then you took a second system, you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1055.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took sheep cells, anti-sheep cells, and that would lyse in the presence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1063.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complement. If you used up all the complement, it wouldn't lyse. If you hadn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1070.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used it, it would lyse. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1078.0,1081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat's the way you measured. If you made really good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1081.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antigens, you could use them 1 to 4, 1 to 8, as opposed to doing the IFA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1087.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[indirect immunofluorescent antibody] test. At least it was 50 to 100.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1097.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, we made it; we'd go out to -- let me go back. Up in Albany we had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1103.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building with wood paneling, granite lab slabs, and they had gardens outside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1114.0,1121.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a gardener who clipped. I come to CDC figuring it's going to be more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1121.0,1130.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"magnificent than that. I go out, and it's Lawson General Hospital -- in 1945,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1130.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they shut it [down]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1138.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt had been a hospital for patients, I think, who were like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1140.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convalescent, and they had a bunch of bungalows with covered runways. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1146.0,1152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing is [as] immortal as a government agency. When that ended, they found a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1152.0,1159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use for that building, and then CDC had some people out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1159.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. [Ralph B.] Hogan was in charge of the whole group, but there was no building","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1165.0,1173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for virology. I went there one Sunday to find a place, and I got a key and went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1173.0,1182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in, and it was all dirty and the flowers [were] growing up through the floor. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1182.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"washed my hands, and my legs got wet because they'd taken all the traps out, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1190.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had brine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1198.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlines for air conditioning. The brine will find a way out. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1200.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broke down. Every couple of months the brine lines leaked, and if you were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1205.0,1211.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky, it didn't go on your equipment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1211.0,1214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: This former Lawson General Hospital is in Montgomery?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1214.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No, no, this was up in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1218.0,1222.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Now you're in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1222.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I was hired for Montgomery, but then I came up here. Peachtree and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1224.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seventh Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1231.0,1232.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: What year was it that you moved to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1232.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: '57.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1236.0,1237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: You were not in Montgomery for very long?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1237.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, no. I just went there to see Kalter and Morris Schaeffer, and they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1241.0,1248.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just shipped me back up. I didn't work there. That's where I had to go see them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1248.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Oh, I see. Okay. So, the lab facilities were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1256.0,1261.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAtlanta, [at]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1261.0,1262.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peachtree and Seventh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1262.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. The headquarters was at Peachtree and Seventh, and we had this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1263.0,1268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little thing out on Buford Highway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1268.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Was that actually where the virology lab was, on Buford Highway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1270.0,1275.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: There was nothing virology up in Atlanta at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1275.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1279.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: But there was some sort of facilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1280.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1283.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: There were some people who were up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1284.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: This Lawson General Hospital, that was where --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1288.0,1292.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: The precursor to what we got out on Buford Highway, that was World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1292.0,1298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Okay. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1298.0,1299.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1299.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: No, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1300.0,1301.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It's very clear to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1301.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: We don't know the history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1303.0,1305.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: We're very bad, obviously, in knowing the details of CDC's early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1305.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history. And this is really early history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1310.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: CDC took over an old army hospital and converted it for your virology laboratory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1313.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1319.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnot only for virology. They took it over, and there was some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1320.0,1327.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"science [that] was going on up here, but the virology was being done in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1327.0,1335.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, Alabama. I was [one of] the first people up here. Me and [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1335.0,1343.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Milford H.] Pete Hatch. He got sent up here very early. Kalter stayed down in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1343.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, and then he would come up, and Morris Schaeffer would come up and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1351.0,1359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visit, but basically, I was on my own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1359.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You were being tasked with making reagents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1363.0,1367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, and I had no virus, no antibodies, no equipment. I went to Hank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1367.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talbot, who had the equipment, basic equipment, racks, rubber ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1375.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntubing, [and]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1380.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bunsen burners. He was an old army quartermaster, and he was very helpful. When","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1381.0,1387.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you walked in the door, his head was shaking \"No\" before you asked him. I could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1387.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see the equipment. They had a whole warehouse full. This was a Friday, and he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1394.0,1401.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said he didn't have anything, so I went home on Friday. On Saturday, I went to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1401.0,1408.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sears, and I got a cart. On Saturday I took my jimmy bar and busted his lock. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1408.0,1416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent all day Saturday bringing equipment into my lab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1416.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Oh, my gosh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1420.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: After I finished that, Monday Dr. Hogan came in and said, \"Did you get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1422.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything you needed?\" I said, \"Yes, sir.\" And he said, \"Don't do it again.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1429.0,1435.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[LAUGHTER] And that was the way I equipped the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1435.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlab. I had to get tissue culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1439.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bottles --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1442.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You're setting up shop on Buford Highway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1443.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: On Buford Highway, building 58.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1447.0,1450.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Building 58, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1450.0,1452.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Then I hired a couple of people, and we had to make reagents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1452.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Okay. The reagents, were they just for the poliovirus, or were they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1459.0,1465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for other viruses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1465.0,1466.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I made some for all the enteroviruses, but basically the bulk was for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1466.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"polio. I made some good rabbit and monkey antibodies, and I had some human, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1473.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was limited. We needed good human positive sera. Pete Hatch had a good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1480.0,1487.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"titer against [poliovirus] type 1. Lloyd Sellers, a tech, had a good titer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1487.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against [poliovirus type] 2, and I had a good titer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1493.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nagainst [poliovirus type] 3.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1498.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Marian Candler took blood from us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1500.0,1504.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Who is Dr. Candler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1504.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, she was one of the Coca-Cola Candlers and a pathologist at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1507.0,1515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you ever meet her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1515.0,1518.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I don't think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1518.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1521.0,1522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, God, she'd talk your ears off. A good pathologist but talked more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1522.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than me, for God's sake, if possible. All right. We did that, and then we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1530.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed up with studying the effects of the vaccine. About that time, about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1539.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1960, we moved into building 7.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1547.0,1551.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: This was on the Clifton Road campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1551.0,1556.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Clifton Road, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1556.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyes. The building had been set up for arbovirus and a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1558.0,1565.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole bunch of things, but we made do. [Dr.] Henry [M.] Gelfand was the head of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1565.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the unit, and I did most of the tissue culture, IFA and all that. The next year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1575.0,1586.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or so we did vaccine evaluation. You give one hundred thousand small kids a shot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1586.0,1595.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of anything, and next year you've got three hundred thousand cases of something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1595.0,1603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My job was to sift out what was [related to] the vaccine and what wasn't the vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1603.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Looking for contaminants that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1614.0,1618.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncausing problems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1618.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No, no, no. Just the kids. They got Coxsackie virus, they got adenovirus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1619.0,1625.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Oh, I see what you're saying. They came down with other illnesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1625.0,1630.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, and we would get--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1630.0,1633.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: --that were close in time to the vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1633.0,1637.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Some of the enteroviruses looked kind of like polio, and polio doesn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1637.0,1642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always present with paralysis. So, we were doing that, and the vaccine was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1642.0,1647.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty good. We reported a couple of times and worked with [Dr. Albert B.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1647.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabin. And Dr. Sabin -- this one week we were reporting them, and all week long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1653.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"-- and you know, I was like a second lieutenant and he was a field marshal --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1660.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday I showed this could not be a vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1667.0,1672.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It grew in monkeys; it grew in baby mice -- it's a Coxsackie. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1672.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOkay, Friday came,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1677.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and [Dr. James H.] Jim Nakano and I had worked. There were about six of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1678.0,1686.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that possibly were a vaccine, and more or less he said, \"How can you be so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1686.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stupid?\" \"Dr. Sabin, you've been patting me on the head all week long, what the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1694.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hey.\" Henry Gelfand was part of that. He shouted--he said, \"Now, come on, you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1701.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know, cut it out.\" And he was friends with Sabin. But really it was a good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1708.0,1716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vaccine, it was only a few [vaccine-related cases], but Sabin wouldn't even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1716.0,1722.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allow us a couple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1722.0,1724.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: These were a live virus, a live[-virus] vaccine that may have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1724.0,1730.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmitted the disease to a small number of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1730.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. He kept saying, \"Come on, Albert, cut it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1734.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nout.\" Then he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1739.0,1741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We'll try putting into chimps and see.\" I'm saying, \"Yes sir, yes sir.\" Henry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1741.0,1748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Let's see, you put it into chimps, and [if] it makes the chimps sick, it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1748.0,1756.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gives them -- that's obviously not the vaccine, and if it doesn't, it can't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1756.0,1763.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause disease.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1763.0,1764.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I had no idea that CDC worked so closely with Sabin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1764.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I'm sorry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1770.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I had no idea that CDC worked closely with Sabin on some of these--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1771.0,1778.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Some of them, yes -- with Sabin. Actually, in the beginning, there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1778.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe 15 labs that did enterovirus when I started with Dr. Dalldorf. There were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1785.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr. Joseph L.] Melnick, [Dr. Hilary] Koprowski, Sabin, [Dr. John] Fox, [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1792.0,1798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edwin H.] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1798.0,1799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nLennette. There was a very small community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1799.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I was going to say, that's very small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1802.0,1806.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I met [Dr. Jonas E.] Salk, but I worked with Sabin. I saw Sabin at NIH","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1806.0,1814.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[National Institutes of Health] just before he died, and I went up to him and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1814.0,1821.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Excuse me, Dr. Sabin, I'm sure you don't remember me.\" You know, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1821.0,1827.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remembered Sabin. He looked -- I had my badge on -- and he said, \"Of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1827.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paul, I remember all the old friends.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1834.0,1837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Along the time that you were working at CDC in the early-mid '60s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1837.0,1843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you got a Ph.D. from Emory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1843.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1846.0,1847.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Were you simultaneously working on your Ph.D. while doing all this work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1847.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I took no vacation for quite a few years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1853.0,1858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand worked fifty, sixty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1858.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seventy hours [per week]. Yes, it was interesting. I took the first two years of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1860.0,1868.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"med school at Emory. I took bacteriology, anatomy, physiology and all. I also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1868.0,1875.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taught in bacteriology, and Emory charged me full price anyway. They were a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1875.0,1882.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bunch of money grabbers. Yes, and it took me seven years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1882.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: To get the Ph.D.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1888.0,1891.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1891.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Was your doctoral thesis on work you were doing at CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1892.0,1898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. Luckily, I was trying to find out the genetic analysis of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1898.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enterovirus. I was trying to see if there was any common grouping, so we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1905.0,1912.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wouldn't have to use 50 antisera. I found some crosses I called ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1912.0,1918.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1-8-11, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1918.0,1919.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing that was usable. That was so primitive compared to -- I mean, before I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1919.0,1928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retired completely, you made a DNA [Deoxyribonucleic acid] prep, you put it in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1928.0,1937.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machine, and it told you each amino acid. The way I was evaluating how closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1937.0,1946.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[related] they were to each other was, you grew the virus up--You made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1946.0,1954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high-titer serum, then you did a plaque reduction test and found the slope of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1954.0,1963.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inactivation and then measured the value of inactivation. I mean, come on. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1963.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you looked at the color of their eyes. [LAUGHTER]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1971.0,1977.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1977.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nClearly, your career just spanned a time when virology was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1978.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evolving, growing by leaps and bounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1984.0,1988.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, it was extremely primitive. Then we saw polymerase [chain reaction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1988.0,1996.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PCR], which changed everything again. Tissue culture changed the diagnostic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=1996.0,2002.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virology tremendously. Polymerase changed the DNA. It wasn't the same again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2002.0,2009.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: How was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2009.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It enabled you to grow very little virus. I mean, I was working on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2012.0,2022.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hepatitis, and I'd spin down huge amounts of serum, hopefully. Then I'd put them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2022.0,2031.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into bags where we dialyzed the water out, and you did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2031.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthirty-seven steps to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2038.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Then with the polymerase, you could take HIV [human immunodeficiency virus],","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2040.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not very much compared to the other viruses, and you can make it. I did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2046.0,2054.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of that type of work when I was in graduate school. You put all the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2054.0,2062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reagents in, you put in the enzyme, and then you heat it up, and the enzyme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2062.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died. Then you repeated it with a new enzyme, and you had to put enzyme in each","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2070.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and you'd do that 30 times. It's expensive as hell and time-consuming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2078.0,2084.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas now the enzyme doesn't go away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2084.0,2087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Doesn't go away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2087.0,2089.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: This is PCR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2089.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: For PCR, polymerase chain reaction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2091.0,2094.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2094.0,2095.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You mentioned AIDS, so maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2095.0,2098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nit's a good time for us to get into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2098.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the AIDS era. Twenty-four years working on a variety of other viruses, and as I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2103.0,2111.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned, in 1981 the MMWR comes out, talking about this cluster of unusual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2111.0,2118.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men. That's June 1981. How and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2118.0,2124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when did you start to get involved in the laboratory work related to the new disease?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2124.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I'd been doing white blood cell lymphoma and mostly working with EBV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2132.0,2139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Epstein-Barr virus] and Burkitt lymphoma. I'd been growing white blood cells,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2139.0,2145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I truthfully don't know when I got switched over. I don't know when [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2145.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"James] Jim Curran did it. I never saw any paper[work] that I [had] transferred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2153.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2160.0,2161.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nknow is, I ended up -- and it was probably around '82.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2161.0,2168.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This outbreak was different from anything I remembered. I mean, most outbreaks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2168.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you trace the patients. Patient A gives it to patient B, and patient B gives it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2175.0,2184.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to patient C. With the AIDS, there was none of that. Your [Harold Jaffe's] paper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2184.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in '85 showed up to five years, and it [was] open-ended. So, he gave it to him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2193.0,2203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then five years later he gets sick. How can you --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2203.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Long incubation period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2210.0,2212.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. It doesn't show up in the epidemic. Then you have Ebola, and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2212.0,2221.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nget a disease. You get various aspects of the disease. But with this, you get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2221.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pneumocystis, you get Kaposi's [sarcoma], you get thrush, you get hepatitis B,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2229.0,2235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get hives. So, we didn't have a disease, and we didn't have a patient to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2235.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patient [transmission]. The other thing we didn't have is -- you have a flu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2243.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outbreak, and it stops when the summer comes on -- this kept going. Polio was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2250.0,2258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer disease. There was no stop [seasonality], so it was continually going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2258.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a good thing we had a well-developed epidemiological [epi] group who had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2264.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of experience, a lot of contacts, and we had a good -- the best in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2271.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n Atlanta","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2279.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then outliers. We were the best trained for that outbreak. At first, it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2280.0,2288.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked like it had to be something like poppers, because where you can't see the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2288.0,2296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission, the only thing we had was that they were gay. So maybe something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2296.0,2304.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gays do, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2304.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You come onboard maybe sometime within six months of that first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2306.0,2312.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MMWR case report, and you're obviously tasked with trying to find what's causing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2312.0,2319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. What did you do? What were your initial thoughts? Were you thinking this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2319.0,2327.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could likely be a virus?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2327.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I actually have my original notes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2330.0,2334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2334.0,2336.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. We had a meeting with [Dr.] Walter Dowdle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2336.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand [Dr.] Ken Hermann,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2341.0,2343.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I outlined how I would go about an unknown, okay, because that's what my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2343.0,2352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life had been -- unknowns, white blood cells, etc. By the time '83 came around,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2352.0,2361.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr. Robert] Gallo had insisted that it was HTLV-II [human T-cell lymphotropic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2361.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus] and this was already limiting -- I'm beginning to catch a little hell for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2368.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not isolating it. It didn't make a heck of a lot of sense, because when I had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2377.0,2387.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leukemia specimen, you get a tube this big, you get a white blood cell plug this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2387.0,2396.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big. You just put it on the ledge, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2396.0,2401.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand the white blood cells are that much, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2401.0,2406.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[it's from] a leukemia patient. But these people, they've got HTLV-I, but I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2406.0,2413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't find the white blood cells.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2413.0,2416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Right, because the HTLV-II is a leukemia virus that Gallo and his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2416.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associates had discovered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2423.0,2425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: About '83 I went to a meeting in Cold Spring Harbor, and Luc [A.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2425.0,2433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montagnier said that this funny virus, a lentivirus, was probably the cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2433.0,2440.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gallo and his minion [Dr. Myron \"Max\"] Essex kind of poo-pooed it. They were not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2440.0,2448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very nice. Then Max Essex developed a fluorescent membrane test which showed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2448.0,2455.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it was HTLV-I. I went up to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2455.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHarvard, and the test was lousy. The controls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2460.0,2464.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2464.0,2465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I've been doing assays since the '50s, when we made the conjugate with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2465.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cyanide. It was before the isothiocyanates, and Dr. [Irving] Gordon stood on the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2472.0,2478.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other side of the door looking through the window in case I went down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2478.0,2485.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[LAUGHTER] Luckily, we had good chemicals, but the biohazard hoods were lousy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2485.0,2491.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but okay, I'm used to doing it. When I was doing the EBV, I was doing fifty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2491.0,2499.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousand FAs [fluorescent antibody tests] a year. Okay, I came home, and instead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2499.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of testing the test with AIDS patients, I put in rheumatoid arthritis patients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2505.0,2511.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I put in mono patients, and I got a much higher percentage of positive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2511.0,2518.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2518.0,2519.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIV. Nonspecific antibodies, just anti-cells or something. The test was not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2519.0,2525.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"valid, and [Dr. Robert C. Gallo] Bob was wrong, period. And then [they called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2525.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it] an \"HTLV-I-like\" [virus].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2533.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Yes, I remember reading that terminology of calling them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2535.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HTLV-I-like viruses, [and that] might be the cause of AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2541.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. [Jean-Claude] Chermann, who worked in Luc Montagnier's lab, was at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2547.0,2554.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC, and he came over to my lab. We were all excited because we said, \"It killed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2554.0,2564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the goddamn white cells.\" Everyone jumped. In '83 we wrote a paper on pairs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2564.0,2572.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[blood] donor-recipient [pairs], blood donor or patient, okay, transmitting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2572.0,2577.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2577.0,2578.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Luc tested the virus we found, and it was indeed [lymphadenopathy-associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2578.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus] LAV. He was on the paper, Chermann, and [Françoise] Barré-Sinoussi; I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2584.0,2590.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never met her, but I was pretty good friends with Chermann. Okay--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2590.0,2596.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Let me just back up a little bit, because I wondered if you could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2596.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elaborate a little bit more. You said you were catching heck for not finding the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2604.0,2612.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause, and I wanted to have you tell us a little bit more about some of your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2612.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early experiments. You alluded to them, but you would get material from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2621.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patients, AIDS patients, and you would do what you usually do, if I understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2627.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correctly: try to isolate a virus from a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2634.0,2638.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntissue culture process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2638.0,2639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Finally, about the beginning of '84 we had a lady who had an operation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2639.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in San Francisco. She had a couple of units of blood, and I said, \"To hell with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2646.0,2653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, it's killing the virus, it's not proliferating. And that was specimen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2653.0,2658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number 151.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2658.0,2659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Do you mean the virus was killing the white cells?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2659.0,2664.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2664.0,2665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Yes. Which is the exact opposite, as you said, of what would happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2665.0,2671.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it was a cancer virus? A cancer virus would transform and make the cells grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2671.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I mean, EBV -- in general, all my experience was to try to grow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2678.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the white blood cell line and --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2685.0,2688.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: But the white cells were getting killed off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2688.0,2692.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: There were no white cells to begin with. It's sort of like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2692.0,2698.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\"Where the hell?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2698.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Very unusual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2700.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. That was CDC experiment number 151. But by then it was apparent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2702.0,2711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Luc -- that it was LAV. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2711.0,2716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Yes, because he published, I think it was in May of '83.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2716.0,2725.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: '83, Okay. To test to see if indeed LAV and HTLV-III was right, Luc","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2725.0,2735.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent some virus to Gallo's lab. Then [Ms. Rosemary] Ramsay and [Dr. Linda]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2735.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martin tested both viruses, and they genetically turned out to be identical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2744.0,2752.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this would not be too unusual for most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2752.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nviruses, but [with] HIV, every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2758.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"single virus is different. I worked with Martin and [Dr. Steven] Benn. I grew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2761.0,2769.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten [HIV] specimens from Zaire and tested ten [HIV] specimens from Atlanta, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2769.0,2776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every one was different. Every single sample I have ever gotten has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2776.0,2783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different. In fact, if you test someone sequentially, it changes, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2783.0,2789.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Paul, it sounds like you actually, in your own laboratory, had evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2789.0,2796.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a retrovirus from AIDS patients. When did that happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2796.0,2802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Probably the end of '83, beginning of '84.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2802.0,2807.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: What was it that you saw that made you think you had it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2807.0,2815.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2815.0,2817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nkilling them, killing the white blood cells, which is consistent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2817.0,2822.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the disease. It looked like LAV virus, and I'd seen pictures by that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2822.0,2830.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Montagnier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2830.0,2831.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: This was before Gallo described his virus?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2831.0,2835.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I would guess, yes. I know of no evidence that he had it before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2835.0,2843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. Now, he found LAV right after he received the virus from Montagnier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2843.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That's right: the French did share samples both with NIH and CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2850.0,2857.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, but I think my sample was genetically different from the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2857.0,2864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: You had the French virus in your lab as well, though?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2864.0,2870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Not until later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2870.0,2872.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: You didn't have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2872.0,2875.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2875.0,2877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsent our viruses out to Montagnier to test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2877.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: What did Montagnier find when he tested them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2880.0,2884.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: He found that they were indeed LAV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2884.0,2887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Wow, wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2887.0,2888.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: That was the paper, the first Science paper, [blood donor-recipient] pairs--.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2888.0,2893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I think, actually, Harold Jaffe, you were on this paper as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2893.0,2898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2898.0,2899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That looked at three samples from a recipient who got the donor's blood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2899.0,2905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I think we did IFA and we did EM [electron microscopy].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2905.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Yes, and Montagnier and his group were coauthors on that paper. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2910.0,2915.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was because -- just to make sure I understand it correctly -- CDC isolated a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2915.0,2921.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus from this donor-recipient pair, and then you sent that to Paris for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2921.0,2927.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2927.0,2928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I think so, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2928.0,2930.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: -- do validation or --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2930.0,2933.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, it was indeed--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2933.0,2935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: The LAV ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2935.0,2936.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2936.0,2937.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I gave pictures and did IFA, but he [Montagnier] still checked them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2937.0,2944.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Really, this was the first paper that showed transmission of this virus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2944.0,2951.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from donor to recipient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2951.0,2953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I don't know. The first blood donor was [in] that paper in '83, '84.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2953.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: The donor-recipient pair was published in July 1984. Your early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2961.0,2967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observation -- which the French also observed, that this virus was not behaving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2967.0,2974.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a typical cancer virus in that it was killing off the white cells -- when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2974.0,2982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were observing this in your own laboratory, when you would speak to other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2982.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laboratorians at CDC, what kind of reaction did you get? I presume that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2989.0,2996.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyou told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2996.0,2997.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, \"I'm stumped here. This is not behaving like a cancer virus.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=2997.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Very lukewarm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3003.0,3005.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: What do you mean by that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3005.0,3009.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It was felt to be HTLV-I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3009.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Already the drumbeat out there in the wider community was to follow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3013.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gallo's [lead], at that time, thinking that it was likely to be a cancer virus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3020.0,3028.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his cancer virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3028.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I would guess that he cost us six months to a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3030.0,3037.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Because people started to focus on trying to make his view fit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3037.0,3044.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their data, but the data weren't fitting, as you describe it, from what you saw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3044.0,3052.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the tissue culture isolation efforts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3052.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3055.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: The virus was, as you say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3056.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nkilling off the white cells in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3060.0,3063.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tissue culture. Did you ever do any work -- before all those white cells were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3063.0,3070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone -- was it possible to do any sort of work like reverse transcriptase assays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3070.0,3077.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or anything like that or EMs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3077.0,3080.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I didn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3080.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You didn't do any of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3082.0,3085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No, I didn't. I don't remember doing any of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3085.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Okay. Okay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3090.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: When you did your own work, you ended up thinking the French were right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3091.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this was a cytopathic virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3098.0,3101.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. I was embarrassed it took me so long to realize what the hell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3101.0,3109.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3109.0,3110.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: It's interesting [that] when the French published their paper in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3110.0,3115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May of 1983, they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3115.0,3117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\na little cautious. I went back and looked at it, and they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3117.0,3123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were a little cautious. They concluded their paper, which they published in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3123.0,3129.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"journal Science, by stating, \"The role of this virus in the etiology of AIDS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3129.0,3135.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remains to be determined.\" When you read the paper, what was your reaction? Did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3135.0,3141.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the methods seem sound, the findings plausible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3141.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I thought that it was good, cautious, appropriate. I mean, you find a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3144.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus, but maybe it's -- I mean, I did a lot of herpes work, and I found a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3150.0,3159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of herpes [simplex] 2 in cancer patients.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3159.0,3162.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Had your collaboration with the French -- when did that start? They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3162.0,3168.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published in May of 1983. When did CDC -- ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3168.0,3173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: '84 was the first paper. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3173.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhad no problems with the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3176.0,3179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I want to skip ahead to '84, '85. We're now entering the time when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3179.0,3186.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have some serologic tests that start to become available. One was developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3186.0,3192.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at CDC by [Dr. J. Steven] Steve McDougal and others, and you were a coauthor on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3192.0,3200.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, \"home brew\" if you will. Then obviously by '85, we had a commercially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3200.0,3207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available test. But the antibody test opened up additional opportunities, if you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3207.0,3213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will, to try and answer some key questions. I'm thinking in particular of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3213.0,3220.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper that you first-authored in May of 1985, which was published in the New","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3220.0,3227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England Journal [of Medicine]-- again, Harold Jaffe was a coauthor on that, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3227.0,3233.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many others. But this paper was to look at so-called high-risk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3233.0,3238.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nblood donors --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3238.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"donors who developed AIDS or were at high risk because they were gay men or IV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3239.0,3246.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[intravenous] drug users -- who had donated their blood to patients, and these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3246.0,3252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patients subsequently developed transfusion-associated AIDS. The purpose of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3252.0,3256.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study was to try and see if you could find evidence of infection in these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3256.0,3263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"donors, months, years later after they had donated, and to see whether there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3263.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a correlation between infection, meaning viral isolation, and the presence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3269.0,3274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antibodies. At that time we didn't really know for sure if you had an antibody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3274.0,3281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you had the virus still, correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3281.0,3284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I mean, for instance, there are no neutralization antibodies that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3284.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I ever found in AIDS patients that worked. Okay, [Dr. Alfred J.] Grindon, who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3289.0,3295.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the head of the Atlanta Red ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3295.0,3298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCross, and I think [Dr. John W.] Ward did the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3298.0,3303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assembling of it all, and he gave sixty-seven thousand portions of sixty-seven","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3303.0,3309.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousand samples to CDC. Steve McDougal's group, [Charles A.] Charlie Schable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3309.0,3315.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ran the ELISA [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay] test. Abbott [Laboratories]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3315.0,3320.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had an ELISA test, and they did radioisotope gp41, p24, and I got a portion to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3320.0,3328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do tissue culture. I think at that time about 1.8% of the cases were transfusion cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3328.0,3336.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Of all AIDS cases reported in the U.S. --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3336.0,3341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: And [that] probably changed a lot of people's minds, too, about AIDS,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3341.0,3348.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they weren't afraid about --to hell with the gays, to hell with the drug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3348.0,3356.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"users -- but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3356.0,3358.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthink, okay. So, we ran them. The RT [reverse transcriptase]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3358.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"test, you have to spin it down, and you have to grow it in the presence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3363.0,3372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[phytohemagglutinin] PHA-stimulated cells. Every three days you'd take out a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3372.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"portion, you'd spin it down to 40,000 RPM [revolutions per minute], then you do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3377.0,3385.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an isotope type of test looking for RT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3385.0,3389.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Reverse transcriptase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3389.0,3391.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Then you measure that. Okay, this is obviously a perfect test for blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3391.0,3399.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transfusions -- it only takes about a month! We compared all the results, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3399.0,3407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ELISA test was 99.82% specific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3407.0,3410.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Yes. Yes. I recall that paper. This was, as you say, a paper ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3410.0,3418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3418.0,3418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assess how well the now commercially available EIA [enzyme immunoassay] test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3418.0,3423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"performed in a low-prevalence population, the blood donor population. You were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3423.0,3428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charged with trying to see what the correlation was with virus isolation. I'm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3428.0,3434.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking back to an earlier paper that you did that was published in the New","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3434.0,3441.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England Journal [of Medicine]. This was the one that was looking to find out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3441.0,3448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked at these high-risk donors who had donated blood, and people were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3448.0,3454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in knowing -- so it's now months to years later after the donation --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3454.0,3461.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do they have evidence of infection by viral isolation and antibody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3461.0,3466.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: That was also valuable in that it showed that people who at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3466.0,3473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showed no symptoms, could cause [transmit] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3473.0,3476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAIDS, which was a confounding thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3476.0,3479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I often wondered if people got a unit of blood, would they come down [with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3479.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"symptoms] quicker than if they had sex? I mean, they got a small amount then. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3486.0,3494.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have no evidence anyway, but, yes, that was a critical paper, because it nailed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3494.0,3501.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down the etiology of AIDS. It showed you could get it if the person [donor] did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3501.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not have AIDS. Even if they looked okay, you go back, and you find, yes, he's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3509.0,3517.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"positive, and then some of those people [transfusion recipients] developed it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3517.0,3522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: So, you were right. It showed that these donors, and then certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3522.0,3528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other populations, that people could be infected for a long time without having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3528.0,3534.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"symptoms, yet still have the virus in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3534.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nblood, so they could be transmitting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3538.0,3541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it through blood donation or other modes. Seropositivity became equivalent to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3541.0,3546.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being infectious, at least at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3546.0,3549.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I mean before the ELISA test, they did things like ask people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3549.0,3556.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they were in a risk group, and then for a time they were using hepatitis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3556.0,3564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B as a marker--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3564.0,3566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Oh, before the test existed, trying to find surrogate testing. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3566.0,3572.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commercially available EIA was a huge advance for the safety of the blood supply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3572.0,3579.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. I can only imagine it would have gotten worse. I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3579.0,3586.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it is now, because we did another test after the ELISA, which did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3586.0,3593.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sensitivity using the method, RT [reverse transcriptase] method, and it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3593.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhundredfold more sensitive than tissue culture, was the --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3599.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Was this the antigen --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3603.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: The antigen capture assay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3606.0,3608.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3608.0,3609.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: The antigen capture assay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3609.0,3611.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. And then there was another one where you tested a component that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3611.0,3617.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave us a little better test. Now there's a second, third, and fourth generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3617.0,3623.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[test]. I would guess that very few units [of blood] would get through, as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3623.0,3629.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposed to maybe a few.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3629.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: It's interesting, when I was doing some research for our interview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3631.0,3636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today, I came across a quotation from Dr. [Frederick] Fred Murphy, who as you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3636.0,3642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know was CDC's former Director of the Center for Infectious Diseases, a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3642.0,3647.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virologist. He was commenting on this study that was published in the New","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3647.0,3653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England Journal [of Medicine] looking at these high-risk donors ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3653.0,3657.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand how long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3657.0,3659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they may have harbored virus. He says, \"It took an incredible amount of viral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3659.0,3667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolation.\" You can almost hear him feeling your pain because of, as you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3667.0,3674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"described, the very tedious nature of the work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3674.0,3679.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. That took a lot of work, but the ELISA test evaluation, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3679.0,3688.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, we did several thousand samples for 28 days, testing every three days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3688.0,3695.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I explained what we were going to do to my group, they all said, \"No, Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3695.0,3705.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feorino, we can't do it, we can't do it.\" I said, \"Of course we can.\" Then they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3705.0,3715.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left, \"We can't do it.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3715.0,3718.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[LAUGHTER] I stayed from 7:00 to 7:00 every day, six,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3718.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven days a week. I had people come in early, and I had people stay late. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3723.0,3732.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"split it so we -- the centrifuge was a limiting factor because you could only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3732.0,3740.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spin 10 mL. I did a study to show that you could get by with 2 mL, so I could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3740.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put 5 in, and it made it a little easier. People came in on Saturdays, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3750.0,3758.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people came in on Sundays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3758.0,3761.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That was obviously a huge study numbers-wise, but in reality, all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3761.0,3767.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those AIDS-related studies, many of them that were being done in the mid-1980's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3767.0,3774.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late 1980's, required a viral isolation component. Looking, for example, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3774.0,3779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3779.0,3779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studies to inactivate the virus -- chemical methods or heat -- people would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3779.0,3785.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"require a viral isolation component. Looking as you did at the performance of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3785.0,3792.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new test, the EIA, or when PCR came along, [it] needed a viral isolation component.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3792.0,3799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: There was a lot of that. Also, I seemed to have gotten involved mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3799.0,3806.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the blood. Then some peripheral studies, they found some [HIV] antibody in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3806.0,3812.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gamma globulin perhaps; we never found any isolates [of virus]. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3812.0,3817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hemophiliacs, [Dr.] Bruce Evatt was very interested in that. At first, we found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3817.0,3823.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[HIV] antibodies in some batches [of clotting factor concentrate], and we found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3823.0,3829.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some with antibody and virus, and some with antibody, virus and these -- I guess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3829.0,3836.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they changed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3836.0,3838.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npreparation, they got rid of most of those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3838.0,3842.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I think Steve McDougal was very instrumental in coming up in his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3842.0,3848.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lab with a heat inactivation process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3848.0,3851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, he did a lot of inactivation. Then someone asked me to do the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3851.0,3858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hepatitis B vaccine, because at the time, you know, [HIV] positive patients [had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3858.0,3864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"donated plasma to make the vaccine]. What I did was I took first an infected --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3864.0,3871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I took infected antigen extract, and there were three steps that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3871.0,3876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inactivated a highly [HIV-] infected [sample]. There was no [evidence of HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3876.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found] -- hepatitis B [vaccine] was fine. There was an outbreak once, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3881.0,3887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a hemodialysis group, but I only heard of one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3887.0,3891.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Who were some of the people you were working with in the lab at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3891.0,3898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3898.0,3899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthis was going on in the '80s? Who were some of your colleagues?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3899.0,3907.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh. I did not have a staff. Okay, [Dr.] Erskine Palmer did most of my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3907.0,3917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EM, and I had some very, very, very good techs, Donna Warfield and Mary Lane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3917.0,3926.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martin, she was a perfect tech. She never threw tantrums. She was efficient. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3926.0,3934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, it would have been hard to choose between them. Then because we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3934.0,3942.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting out, word went out I needed people, so they grabbed some -- of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3942.0,3951.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody gave up their best person. [LAUGHTER] I had people who had never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3951.0,3959.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nworked -- and I got work out of [them], anyway. [LAUGHTER] Most of my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3959.0,3966.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collaboration was with other people at CDC in other units. Steve McDougal's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3966.0,3972.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group, all the epi people, [Dr. Thomas] Peterman, [Dr. James] Allen, Harold --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3972.0,3978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not Jim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3978.0,3979.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Not Jim Curran?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3979.0,3981.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I shouldn't say that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3981.0,3983.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Paul, did you ever actually work in the \"AIDS lab,\" or were you working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3983.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your own lab in association with other people? Did you ever work for [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3990.0,3997.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Donald P.] Don Francis, for example?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=3997.0,4000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I worked with these people, but I worked in my lab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4000.0,4006.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: But who was your supervisor when you were doing the HIV work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4006.0,4012.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I'm not quite sure. [LAUGHTER] For a long time, nobody. Okay, Jim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4012.0,4018.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Curran, of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4018.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncourse. I don't know where Don Francis fit in. Then where [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4019.0,4026.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gerald] Schochetman came from I have no idea. I pretty much ran without supervision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4026.0,4035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Were you still in building 7?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4035.0,4039.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. In the sub-basement in building 7, the first building without","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4039.0,4047.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a parking lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4047.0,4049.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4049.0,4051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I started off with nothing, and I needed an incubator, and parasitology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4051.0,4059.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threw away two of them. I cannibalized it and made one. I had it in one small","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4059.0,4070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hood- room, and I couldn't get the tanks in there, so I drilled a hole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4070.0,4079.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4079.0,4079.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wall and ran a tube through it. I had a tank, but I didn't have a monitor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4079.0,4087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I put the rubber tube attached and then a pinch clamp and put tissue culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4087.0,4094.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fluid and kept moving the pinch clamp until it looked about 7-1.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4094.0,4099.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: This is a tank of carbon dioxide that you needed for the incubator?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4099.0,4105.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, which I took from the room. Then I looked at the front of it [the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4105.0,4113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incubator], to where it had a little sheen, that probably was enough humidity in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4113.0,4120.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: This still doesn't sound like state-of-the-art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4120.0,4123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: No. At the end we had a whole roomful of incubators. One of my techs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4123.0,4130.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could not see the door. It was so filled with equipment because we had no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4130.0,4137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4137.0,4138.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I bought her a periscope, and she put it over the thing, and when she","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4138.0,4146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retired, she took it home with her. [LAUGHTER]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4146.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Oh, my gosh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4150.0,4152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: As you described in the very early days of your virology career, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4152.0,4159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see evidence that the artistry of virology stayed with you throughout your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4159.0,4165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"career at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4165.0,4167.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Actually, in \"And The Band Played On,\" they made several mistakes. One","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4167.0,4174.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was they didn't have Paul Newman play me. That was a bit obvious -- we're both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4174.0,4182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"symmetrical bipeds. Okay, but my incubator was in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4182.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: It was in \"And The Band Played On\"?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4187.0,4192.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It was infamous. They had [Dr. Thomas J.] Tom Spira in my lab, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4192.0,4199.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbut he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4199.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't work there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4200.0,4202.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Okay. Do you think the AIDS epidemic was a big impetus to advancing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4202.0,4210.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the study of virology in general?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4210.0,4214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, yes, yes. We had a whole cadre of people who had been well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4214.0,4223.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trained, who had been working for years. They had the contacts, they had the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4223.0,4231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge, just making up the first -- I mean, [Dr.] Mary Guinan, [Dr.] Martha","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4231.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rogers, Peterman, Harold, and all the outlying groups. Just how would you ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4239.0,4247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first -- the outbreak, oh, look for some weird disease that causes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4247.0,4255.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something, and it looks weird. Oh, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4255.0,4259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyeah. Swine flu, might just as well mention that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4259.0,4264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Swine flu?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4264.0,4266.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. We had an episode where Dr. [James R.] Herbert and [Dr. John]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4266.0,4274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beldekas put an article in The Lancet that the cause of AIDS was swine flu. So I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4274.0,4283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to get reagents from Plum Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4283.0,4287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: This was African swine flu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4287.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: African swine flu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4290.0,4292.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Yes, which was a swine disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4292.0,4296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Then I couldn't find evidence of the virus, and I couldn't find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4296.0,4303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evidence of the antibody, and their answer was, it's a strain that wasn't antigenic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4303.0,4311.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Oh, my God.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4311.0,4313.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Okay, but the Department of Agriculture said, \"Okay.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4313.0,4318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4318.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nLet me ask you one other lab-type question. There was a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4319.0,4324.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest in establishing an animal model to study HIV, and I wondered if you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4324.0,4330.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were involved in any of those efforts at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4330.0,4334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. Don Frances tried to inoculate some chimps. We had some old","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4334.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chimps that had been used for something else, and we had access to them, and he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4340.0,4347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried to infect them. It didn't work. I made a batch of just plain tissue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4347.0,4353.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"culture with [HIV] virus in it, and we brought it over to [Dr. Harold] McClure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4353.0,4359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a vet. Anyway, they put it in, and it worked beautifully. The virus titer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4359.0,4366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went up, and the CD4s went down, but the chimps got better. They shed [virus]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4366.0,4372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a while, and then they got better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4372.0,4375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: That wasn't exactly a good human ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4375.0,4378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmodel, I guess. Were you involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4378.0,4381.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in actually --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4381.0,4382.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, I did all the testing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4382.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You did all the testing. These must have been chimps that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4385.0,4390.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"housed in building 6 in those days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4390.0,4393.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Manuel and Chesley, they were called.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4393.0,4396.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: The names of the chimps [were] Manuel and Chesley?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4396.0,4400.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I know, because I caught hell when I sent the report over and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4400.0,4406.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Manuel and Chesley are positive.\" \"You're humanizing the chimps.\" Ooh --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4406.0,4411.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I caught hell. I should have given them a number. [LAUGHTER]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4411.0,4416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Confidentiality and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4416.0,4418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4418.0,4419.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: The animal rights people were raising hell at that time -- the Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4419.0,4425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curse, \"May you live in interesting times.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4425.0,4428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I'm wondering if there's anything we haven't covered that you think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4428.0,4433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you should mention about your laboratory adventures as it related to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4433.0,4438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHIV. Did it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4438.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change you professionally or personally? Certainly personally, you're talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4440.0,4446.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about working seven days a week, long hours. That obviously was tough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4446.0,4454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: It gave me a whole new area that I learned about. I mean, I'd been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4454.0,4465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raising enteroviruses and poliovirus and herpes and cancer -- and HIV -- it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4465.0,4475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so big. I mean, I didn't know all the aspects of it. I mean, there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4475.0,4486.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington. What was going on at CDC was a lot, let alone -- throughout the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4486.0,4496.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4496.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncountry, and it changed the attitude of the country. At first, it was \"So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4497.0,4507.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what? Who cares?\" I know when [Dr. James] Mason came in, he was kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4507.0,4517.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative. I worked with him. He's a good man, but I wonder if he wasn't good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4517.0,4528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us really, because [President Ronald W.] Reagan was, you know, they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4528.0,4537.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious. Maybe he was better, you know, one of their sort of,-- I mean, with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4537.0,4547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one or two exceptions, most people worked well together and tried. I think CDC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4547.0,4557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4557.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nan excellent job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4558.0,4559.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Then you continued to work on aspects of AIDS after you left CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4559.0,4566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, all right. When I retired in '91, I went to Emory Medical School.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4566.0,4573.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a professor of research, which means that I wasn't bad. [LAUGHTER] You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4573.0,4580.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't have to be good, but you can't be bad. Then you have to bring your own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4580.0,4588.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money, pay your own salary, give Emory their big huge cut, which is the maximum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4588.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's allowable by the government. Then they put you over in the VA [Veterans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4595.0,4602.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Administration] building, so they don't give you space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4602.0,4606.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, I worked on latency. We developed a model, OM-10.1, and this is a cell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4606.0,4613.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was infected with HIV, and if you hit it with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4613.0,4618.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTNF [tumor necrosis factor],","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4618.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would express the virus. I tried some drugs to see if I could affect latency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4620.0,4630.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We found some that had a little effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4630.0,4635.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then in 1998, I developed a genotyping lab. There was a company, Visible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4635.0,4643.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genetics [Inc.], that had a good machine, and we talked to them about maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4643.0,4651.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collaborating, and they ended up buying us. Then they actually got bought by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4651.0,4659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bayer [Pharmaceutics company], so I worked for Bayer. Then Siemens bought them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4659.0,4666.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at that time my agreement not to compete was with Bayer, so we started up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4666.0,4676.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another genotyping lab. We did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4676.0,4679.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmostly HIV and Hepatitis B. We worked with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4679.0,4683.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quintiles [IMS Holdings Inc.], a lot of them, a few local specimens, mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4683.0,4689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"companies. They would try out a drug, and they wanted us to see what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4689.0,4696.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, in 2014 some investment group bought 90% of the company, at which time I retired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4696.0,4703.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: So you're a fairly recent retiree, Paul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4703.0,4707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Oh, yes. It's a good thing. Joan broke her hip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4707.0,4712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: This is your wife.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4712.0,4714.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Three times, yeah. [She] had a spinal operation and had to have a cage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4714.0,4721.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[around the vertebrate] built. Then I developed lymphoma, stroke, and then some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4721.0,4726.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gastro problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4726.0,4727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: But you're still here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4727.0,4729.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes, here, yes. I used to be 30 pounds more. It went through, and it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4729.0,4736.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"differentiated. It said, \"Fat, leave it alone; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4736.0,4739.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmuscle, kill it.\" So, all my arms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4739.0,4743.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and shoulders went, and the stomach stayed up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4743.0,4748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Since we're not videotaping this interview, I can say that Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4748.0,4755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feorino --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4755.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JAFFE: Looks very fit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4756.0,4758.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Very fit indeed, and not many people can lay claim to a fifty-plus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4758.0,4766.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year career. I'd just like to thank you very much for sharing your stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4766.0,4774.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, not many people can tell us about CDC's early history in virology, let","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4774.0,4782.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alone AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4782.0,4783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: I was the last of the ones that put mosquito traps up and knew -- they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4783.0,4793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were biologists. It's just so different. Completely different. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4793.0,4798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmean --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4798.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: Not many people get to actually be able to look back over such a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4799.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long period of time. In that sense, you're in a good position to be able to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4805.0,4812.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back and see, as you said, the many changes that occurred. Thank you so much for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4812.0,4819.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letting Harold and me come into your home and do the interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4819.0,4824.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: You're more than welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4824.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: I'm delighted that we were able to do this today. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4826.0,4832.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: The best part is that I can make it up the way I want to now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4832.0,4839.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[LAUGHTER] Most people I worked with are dead. Sabin's dead, Ender's dead--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4839.0,4844.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: You're the long-term survivor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4844.0,4846.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. I did all the good stuff. [LAUGHTER]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4846.0,4850.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHAMBERLAND: A little bit of rewriting of history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4850.0,4853.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FEORINO: Yes. We had a good bunch of people at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4853.0,4858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" END.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4858.0,4858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/transcript/69490/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=4858.0,4858.0"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/index/85070","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["content172426931020240821-522984-rmvpkm.xml [English] [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/index/85070/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life and Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005#t=82.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134213/file/249005/index/85070/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Feorino describes his upbringing, education and his experiences in the U. 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