{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hx15m63x9g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cherry, William B. ' 2011"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-12-12"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["William 'Bill' B. Cherry, PhD became interested in working with bacteria while in undergraduate school. His first job, was at National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. He later completed his Ph.D. in bacteriology and came to work at CDC in 1951. Interviewed by Karen Torghele"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["William 'Bill' B. Cherry, PhD became interested in working with bacteria while in undergraduate school. His first job, was at National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. He later completed his Ph.D. in bacteriology and came to work at CDC in 1951. Interviewed by Karen Torghele"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/434/small/Cherry_William_B_2011.jpg?1727918892","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 20111212_Cherry_William_B.mp3"]},"duration":4869.20375,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/434/small/Cherry_William_B_2011.jpg?1727918892","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/434/original/20111212_Cherry_William_B.mp3?1722773322","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4869.20375,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[AssemblyAI Transcript] 20111212 Cherry, William B. [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e See, this is how I can tell that it's picking up the sound. And I want to be sure that it's okay with you that we record our conversation. Yes. Okay, thank you. And I'm going to put it closer to you. Okay. So be sure to pick up your voice. Okay. So maybe we could start just by. Do you want to move closer to it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2.64,34.33"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Would that help? As far as recording?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=34.33,37.802"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Your voice seems to pick up pretty well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=37.802,39.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e But tell me if it does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=39.69,42.17"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It looks like it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=42.17,43.258"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=43.258,44.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So maybe let's start by you telling me a little about your background, your education and how you got involved in, in that area of work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=44.65,56.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, as I mentioned earlier, I come from western Kentucky. My hometown is bowling Green. And I went to college there because first place I lived there and second place, my uncle founded the college and it was three blocks up the street from where I lived. So these were tough times back in the thirties, you know. So it was nice to be able to go to college at all those days. So I went to what's called western Kentucky state teachers college at that time. It's now western Kentucky University. I think we had about three, 4000 students. Now they have about 20 or more thousand students. Anyhow, I got a degree in chemistry, b's of chemistry. My sister and I were orphans when I was 14 and she was twelve. We were still living in our house. And I had an aunt and her son, who was just my age came to live with us after my mother died. My father had been killed in a hunting accident when I was five years old. My mother, he was a farmer. As I said, my mother couldn't keep your farm, so we moved into bowling green. So I stayed on. My mother dad in 31, when I was a sophomore in high school. And she died of pneumonia following nursing me through six very bad days of scarlet fever. And no doubt she caught the strip, the group a strep that I had and it killed her. But anyhow, that's what happened in 1931. And because I wanted my sister to finish college she's two years younger than I, we stayed in our home. We were able to stay in our home. One of my mother's sisters, who had a son just my age came to live with us for three years, which was a good thing for us. And she got married again. She'd been divorced. She got married again and left. And we just took over and operated the house ourselves. We could rent rooms to students in apartment. We had an apartment we and rooms that we could rent to students because of business units. I'm sorry. Bowling Green business University was just a block down the street, and the college was just three blocks up the other way. So there are plenty of students that are looking for accommodations. And I hope my sister would finish college, but she got married when she's after her third year and went off to Florida with her husband. So that's when I left Bowling Green. I went to University of Kentucky. Meantime, I'd taken some courses that I'd missed when I was western because I'd been working as a night person in a hamburger stand. I could have the day off to go take some classes. So one of the classes I took was bacteriology, taught by a young man who had just gotten his degree from Iowa State, which is a very good place to get a degree in bacteriology. He really stimulated me like bacteriology. And he had also gone to University of Kentucky for a master's degree, so he recommended it. I go there, which I did, help me get an assistantship. Technician's job pays you $30 a month, you know, which you're glad to get. Glad to get in those days. So in 49, I went to Lexington to try to get a master's degree in bacterology. It's a good department there, which I did in 41, but actually, I didn't get my degree in 42, but I finished up in 41. And you know what happened in 41? I had been deferred. I was the first student at the University of Kentucky whose name was drawn out of the fishbowl in Washington in 1940, it turned out. So I was hot for the army or somewhere, you know, but because I was in school, that allowed me to finish up because I was that near finishing my master's degree. Then I got a job with my mentor, who worked in the veterinary department and was an expert on salmonella. And I got a job. He offered me a job, which I took. And because he was doing work for the services, carrying diagnostic reagents and so on for the army, I was deferred again for a year or so. And the army then in 42, was breathing down my neck very, very strong. So I knew it wasn't going to be long. I'd already taken my physical, so I went down and rolled in the navy, and I got rid of the army that way anyway. Unfortunately, I was sent to a national naval medical center in Bethesda, Maryland. I don't know whether you know that place or not, but it's a big operation right across the street from the National Institutes of Health. And so I joined a group there, mostly of epidemiologists, mostly Harvard guys, mostly mds. And we were training people to go out, particularly to the Pacific to help out with public health problems and whatever. At first they put me in a course for five months, tropical medicine course, which was very, very interesting and helpful. And then I thought I'd be sent out with one of the groups being sent. And they said, no, you're going to stay here and teach. I stayed there and teach and helped run a laboratory. We had an enteric bacteriology laboratory. And since I'd done my research on salmonella, very familiar with. So that's what I did. I stayed and taught in the classes as they came up, one right after the other, and worked in the laboratory until the war was over. And then they sent me over to the National Naval Research Institute on the same campus to work on Shigella vaccine. Incidentally, to this day, there is no Shigella vaccine. But I was there for a year and we worked on it. And then I got out navy because I wanted to go back and get some further education. I applied to Cornell and Wisconsin. Only two places I applied to. Fortunately, I accepted it both. But I decided to go to Wisconsin, which I did in 1946. And I was there for three years, got my PhD, bacteriology, and during the same. Well, I got married in 44 while I was in the navy. So we had our first child that was a little child in there while I was in graduate school. Gave my wife something to do while I was burning the midnight oil, you know. Anyway, it was a good time and a bad time, but the good time was when it was over. It was pretty hard. But I love living in Wisconsin. I've said many times, if I had my choice to live anywhere north of the Nathan Dixon line, I'd probably go to Madison. Very nice town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=56.53,603.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Very nice town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=603.66,610.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Whatever. After that, I thought, yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=610.34,619.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm afraid that the tape of the corner is picking up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=619.98,641.558"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=641.558,643.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. You never know what it'll pick up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=643.19,646.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=646.11,647.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=647.35,649.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e So I got a job teaching at University of Tennessee, Knoxville as my first job, and I taught there for two years. It's sort of a one horse school at that time. It really was. Worked like a Dickinson, teaching a lot of classes. And after two years, they didn't even want to give me a raise. An opportunity came to go to CDC because my mentor at the University of Kentucky, international expert on Salmonella after the war, had moved down to CDC to head up the enteric bacteriology laboratory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=649.19,692.692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=692.692,695.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Philip Edwards and he offered me a job. How could you refuse? It was really an opportunity. That's how I came to CDC. But I was still in the, I was still a reserve officer in the Navy. And so I came on as a G's. Eleven, I guess it was. And when I got here, they said, why don't you transfer your commission to a public health service? That's what I did. So I put in 30 years in the public health service. Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=695.18,748.21"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And you started at CDC in what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=748.21,753.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e In 1951? 51. 51.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=753.73,763.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So you came the same year that they started the EIS program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=763.98,768.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Same year as what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=768.9,770.124"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e As they started the epidemic intelligence service program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=770.124,774.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think Langmuir didn't come until 52. Maybe he did come in 51. It's about the same time. But they'd already started several activities by that time. They started an oncology laboratory. They started the virus laboratory over at Montgomery, started parasitology. That was one of the first things because a group that came down from Hopkins to work on malaria and the warrior were already there. They'd been there for some time, so they just were incorporated into CDC in 1946. CDC was really organized and began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=774.14,823.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And did you, when you came to CDC, did you get involved in any of the training programs or did you go to any of the classes that the epidemic intelligence service officers went to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=823.04,841.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I was never in the course that they give for epidemic intelligence officers. I was never in that course. I don't know why nobody ever mentioned it. I guess I didn't bring it up, I guess, but it probably would have been a good thing for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=841.37,865.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So you, you were a laboratorian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=865.46,868.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. I'm a laboratory person. And so that's why I was going to say to you that I can't contribute much of anything about policy or because I don't have any input from administrative point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=868.98,889.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you're valuable because we have input from other people who are not laboratorians and we wanted to get different points of view from all the different areas within CDC. So you were highly recommended because of your laboratory experience and for all the things that you did in the lab. So maybe what you could do is. Well, first let me ask you, before you came to CDC, you mentioned the malaria control in war areas. Did you know much about that before you came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=889.02,929.028"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I knew practically nothing about it. I might have heard of it, but that would have been all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=929.028,936.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So you knew that they were working on eradicating Malaria, but nothing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=936.86,943.184"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I guess when I first heard it, I probably was very surprised that we had any malaria in southern United States? I'm sure I was. Unless I'd heard about it in some of my course in epidemiology at the Navy, I might have heard about it, I'm not sure. Anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=943.184,971.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And it's a. You were specializing in bacteriology, so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=971.73,980.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Particular enteric bacteriology for quite a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=980.41,987.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So were some of the bacteria that you worked with specifically included? What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=987.41,997.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Salmonella was the main thing, but it also includes enteropathogenic e coli, bugs that affect babies, infantile diarrhea, although Doctor Ewing was the expert in that area. Doctor Aberdeen's laboratory, too. Well, you encounter a lot of other enteric bacteria. I was also working with bacteriophage. You may know at that time we were using bacteriophage to type strains of typhoid organism salmonella typosa. And that was the way epidemiologists traced outbreaks. Sometimes that's what organisms were susceptible to, which bacteriophages. And so Doctor Edwards had gotten into that. That was going on when I got here. And actually that was his idea, that I would probably take over that area. Of course, I never really took it over because he wasn't the kind of person that let anybody really take over anything. He just did the work. I'm not putting him down. He's just a very cautious guy. He's a great friend of mine. Great friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=997.5,1097.978"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And that was Doctor Edwards, you said doctor Philip Edwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1097.978,1102.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Philip R. Edwards. Anybody at CDC over a period of many years would know Doctor Edwards. He was the guy that provided the barbecue every Christmas. It was pretty loose out here compared to other places. They dug a trench and had a trench dug out between two of the buildings at Chambly, where we were, and put fencing, just stretch fence right over the trenches about 20ft long, or maybe longer, and then just take hams and put them on top of that and barbecue him all night long. Used to stay up all night. He used to stay up all night watching the barbecue. And some of us stayed up with him sometime, but usually not all night. And he was a great guy. And we'd have a big feast the next day with everything else to go with it. So we had some good times, you know, working pretty hard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1102.09,1182.76"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So Doctor Edwards was your direct supervisor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1182.76,1186.36"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1186.36,1187.64"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Ewing was the head of bacteriology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1187.64,1191.888"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e He was in charge of the shigella work and the interopathogenic e coli, those two things? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1191.888,1203.13"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he the one who was trying to develop a vaccine against Shigella?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1203.13,1209.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e This was when I was at Navy medical research institute. And we had it. We were working on it for years. All the time I had. I got out after that. We didn't make any progress on it, really. Nobody's made any sense as far as I know. So I don't know anybody here that's ever worked on a shigella vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1209.29,1238.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e When you came to the lab, what kind of. Did you have any shortage of equipment. Or any shortage of supplies or. By that time, were things pretty good in the economy after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1238.82,1258.47"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, I would say no shortage. Of course, we didn't need anything very fancy. We just needed media. Pizza dishes, pipettes, test tubes, incubators, you know, that's about it. We did have deniers who autoclaved stuff that needed to be sterilized. Cleaned the glassware. And brought it back to us ready to use again. Sterilized it. So we had. That sort of service was good. But as far as equipment is concerned. We didn't have any fancy equipment at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1258.47,1306.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Microscopes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1306.01,1307.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, we had microscopes. But nothing fancy like we had later centrifuges. You had to have centrifuges. A loop. A wire. Wire needle. A wire loop. And a bunch of burners to sterilize them. And putrid dishes and test tubes. Flasks. Small flasks particularly. Sometimes we made media in the lab. We make up a big batch of media. That lasts for several months. Basic media like broth, horse meat broth or something that you could use a base for autumn. You add odor to it, like your auger. But not fancy equipment at that time. Just what you'd expect in a microbiology lab at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1307.85,1379.31"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And did you work in the Chambly lab?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1379.31,1382.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that's where I worked from 1951 to. I guess it was 1960, 61. And we moved into Clifton Road facilities. Whatever year it was, we moved into Clifton road facilities. It was a little difficult at times. Working in those old buildings at Chandler. I remember on one occasion we had some cold weather. And the pipes would freeze. Because there were no underpinnings for the buildings. And cold air could get underneath. And freeze the pipes every time it got real cold. I remember one morning we came in. And pipes had frozen and broken during the night. And there was water all over the floor, which had frozen. So we used to laugh about this. And say that the administration should furnish us ice skates. So we could skate around and get our work done. There were instances like that in the summer. We had some very hot years. Just after 1951, 51. And on for three, four years. And in the summer, it would be so hot, we didn't have any air conditioning, except maybe lab chief's office and the secretary had air conditioning, but not in the laboratories. For the most part, fans and fans just mess you up if you're trying to do bacteriology. So actually, we worked with the windows open most of the time, and that has problems too. And one of the worst things was we couldn't get the auger plates. We pour plates, and we couldn't get the auger to solidify at room temperature and have to put them in one of the incubators, cool incubators, to get the auger to solidify. So that was sometimes a problem because.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1382.11,1514.144"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It was that hot. Wow. And then when you moved into the Clifton road lab, was it very nice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1514.144,1528.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it was nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1528.16,1532.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have air conditioning and heat?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1532.72,1536.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we had air conditioning and heat. But sometimes after a while, the air conditioning got to be awfully dirty, and they couldn't seem to clean it. You get a lot of soot stuff coming in the ventilators, you know, and messing things up. And they'd do something about it and be a little better for a while and then run the same problem again. It wasn't an enormous problem, but it was annoying problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1536.08,1571.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What I'd like you to do is when you going back to when you first came to CDC and you were working in Chamblee, describe maybe what a typical day would be like for you working in that lab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1571.46,1595.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e It's come in about 08:00, maybe a little before. And if you had cultures you'd inoculated the night before, the day before, you'd be getting those out and looking at them, seeing what happened with them. If you're trying to isolate salmonella, the fishing bits of colonies to other media, to try to characterize what you had to see if it's what you thought it was. You probably have organisms that you cultures you'd already isolated that you needed to test to see if they're really salmonella or not, if it's working with Salmonella. And you do that by inoculating a bunch of biochemicals and a lot of sugars and sugar alcohols and so on, to test what they do, characterize them. You thought you had a salmonella. We would go on and type it, serologically, find out which one it was. And then there are about 150 different serotypes now. There must be 250. I don't know how many there are now. Anyhow, if you thought you had a salmonella, you kind of find out which one it was. If it's a new one, you would start to characterize it, so you can publish on it with a new type, new serotype. Well, that's pretty much what.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1595.28,1719.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you get your sample from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1719.28,1727.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Cultures that might be salmonella? Well, they were mostly coming in from places like poultry labs in California and other places. Poultry has big problems with salmonella, and the people out there were in isolation these cultures that they thought were salmonella, and they send them into doctor Edwards laboratory, and we would try to characterize them. We would characterize them and let them know and publish. If it's a new syrian group, we'd publish information about it, the same old thing like it was many times, just accumulating statistics on how frequently poultry is infected with salmonella, about the worst of any animal group or salmonella infections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1727.41,1792.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e When you identified the salmonella in the animals from the specimens, what action was taken after you did the identification?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1792.35,1805.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We wouldn't know, I suppose, mainly because we'd report back what we found, but it'd be up to the people who sent them in to decide what to do about it. Probably. In most cases, they didn't do anything unless they'd had a big outbreak, and they really needed to know what the cause was and needed to do something to clean up somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1805.12,1830.81"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So when you say outbreak, you mean outbreak in the animals or in the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1830.81,1835.682"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Animals in the poultry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1835.682,1843.77"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you work with Emory at all? Did you collaborate any way with Emory University?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1843.77,1851.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Some of the people here did. I did for one summer with Doctor Eubank. You know him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1851.06,1862.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I know the need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1862.38,1866.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e He approached me about having a couple of his students come over and work with me during the summer on what I was, was doing. And what I was doing at that time was something that was really not approved, but nobody ever called me on it. It was something I wanted to do, and that was to investigate a little more. Where are the salmonella in nature? I mean, we know they get into animals and people and they cause disease, but where are they in nature? And there wasn't too much information on that. So I set up a study during the summer with some of my people that we would investigate salmonella on Stone Mountain. For one thing, when it rains, there are pools, water pools, and the rocks of stone Mountain. And that water stays there until the sun gets warm enough and dries them up. And then next time it rains, they fill up again. Well, I wondered if there were salmonella in those pools, particularly because there are all sorts of animals that come up on top of stone mountain all parts of stone, mountainous, even deer, sometimes birds of all kinds, and possums. Opossums. So we set up a study, and what we found out was that the salmonella were in these pools as long as the pools were moisten. But once they dried up, you couldn't isolate anything from the pools or the soil, the sand in the pools, you couldn't isolate anything. But as long as it was moist or there was some water there, you could isolate salmonella. Not a lot of different varieties, serotypes. But there was one main serotype that was very common. And of course, there were squirrels around and chipmunks and opossums, as I said. In fact, I trapped one opossum and brought it to the lab and checked him out. Sure enough, he did have some salmon already. We'd go out once a week and we had a pass on the elevator out there so we didn't have to walk up the side of the mountain every time we ride up and get our samples and come back to the lab and work on them. That was one thing. The other thing was I wanted to see if they were in freshwater springs, places where you'd think the water would be pure. Actually, my wife and I owned a piece of property up in north Georgia, north of Dahlonega, and had a little stream on it, very small stream, but it was an all weather stream. It ran all the time. It came out from under a tree up on the side of the hill and ran down the hill. So I took a group of Emory students, doctor Burbank students, and some of my people. We went up there and spent a day collecting samples along the stream, and we collected water, beginning where it came out from underneath the tree, grew to the tree, and then on down for about a couple of hundred feet, maybe 300ft. We take water samples, and then we took some samples of grass plants that grow along the edge of the stream. And for checking, we checked them too. Well, it turns out they've done salmonella and all of them, as long as they stay moist, once the plants get dry or move further up the bank where they don't get wetted from the moisture in the stream, you don't find salmonella, you don't isolate them anymore. They're pretty much confined to hydrated environment. But we isolated a bunch of salmon over that way. I don't think that had ever been done before. People have found salmonella and creeks and rivers and whatnot, but I don't think anybody ever explored how quickly they can take residents in a little stream of water. They must be there because of contamination from wild animals and so on, basically. But nothing happened pretty fast. We published that. It was interesting information. Yeah, that's one of the things that was never on my work plan. I did a lot of things that weren't on my work plan, but nobody ever called me on it, so I got away with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=1866.06,2208.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Sounds like you had a lot of freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2208.34,2210.468"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I did. I had a lot of freedom, but I did a lot of things for the company, so to speak, too. I took on some hard jobs for them. So. Doctor Sentzer was a good friend. I supported him when he was in trouble, and he certainly was immediately amenable to requests for me sometimes for what I wanted to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2210.468,2240.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He's a good person. We all miss him. I was interested to read about your fluorescent antibody studies and how you came to discover that process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2240.11,2267.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, to be honest about this, I didn't really discover it. It was actually a process that was used by a Harvard physician in his studies of the lung and I, pneumonia and bacterial infections of the lung and so on. And actually, there was a young man by the name of Max Moody who came from. He was in charge of a lab in building 22, which is where I eventually ended up. He'd been in the navy also. He'd gotten out, gotten a PhD in bacteriology at the University of Kansas. And he came and he was put in charge of that lab down there, and he got the idea he ought to go see doctor, the pathologist at Harvard who was doing that. So he went up and he worked with him a little bit and found out how to prepare the thrust nanobody material substance for staining. And he and Morris Goldman, who was in parasitology group. This was while I was here, but I was in the enteric laboratories at that time. This was just after I arrived that this was going on. They got together and they did some early work with breast nanibody. Morris Goldman did some with some parasites, and Max did some with some bacteria, I think maybe the plague bacteria or something. Anyhow, then shortly after that, Doctor Hogan, who is our lab chief, called me down. I was with Doctor Edwards. I had been with Doctor Edwards lab for about a year and a half, I guess, and he called me, Doctor Hogan called me down, and he said, you wanted me to take over that laboratory down there in building 22. We were in building 28. And I said, yes, sir, what do you do? And you told your boss wants you to do a different job, another job. So I don't know whether Max ever fully accepted we became very good friends. But I think he always resented the fact that Doctor Hogan had sent somebody down over him because he was charged with lab at that time. But what was happening was that a lot of money was coming from Fort Dietrich, and they had to bend it the right way, and they were going to spend it in that lab because they were going to spend it on trying to work out new and better and more rapid ways of identifying pathogenic bacteria, thinking about bioterrorism and all that sort of thing that people were thinking about at that time, during the russian crisis and all that. So that's what it was all about. They had all this additional money, and he considered me more experienced than Mac as far as laboratory work was concerned. That's why he wanted to send me down there. I went down, I took charge, and that's where I stayed until we moved to Clifton Road many years later. But that was an interesting time. But Max and I worked together very well. We made for us antibody reagents, and we applied them to a whole bunch of different bacteria. We published pamphlet on this, I guess the first time anything, anybody published anything applying this technique to diagnostic procedures rather than research procedures. We published a pamphlet on it. Think it sold 127,000 copies. I think I was told, you know, charged about $0.50 for $0.75 or something, handled through the people in Washington and do that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2267.72,2590.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was the audience for these pamphlets?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2590.04,2593.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Pardon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2593.37,2594.098"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Who is your intended audience for the pamphlets?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2594.098,2597.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e State laboratories, primarily. Other researchers, actually. The state laboratories didn't use it too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2597.69,2607.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of feedback did you get about them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2607.57,2613.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e From the technique, the use of technique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2613.61,2617.562"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The people who got the pamphlets, what kind of feedback did you get from them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2617.562,2623.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, from what I recall, there was a lot of enthusiasm about the pamphlet they were interested in. It gave them the procedures to use if they wanted to do it, showed them what could be done. Most of it would not usually be done in a state laboratory. A little more technical than that. But, you know, at that time, there were no commercial reagents. But later on they were commercial reagents. So it made it much easier for people in state labs or other labs to use the technique. But it was something that has come and essentially gone, I guess. Fluorescent antibody studies, fluorescence, using fluorescence as measuring organisms or activities is still a good technique, but using it to diagnose or characterize bacteria is not too good in terms of being able to use easily. You got to have the reagents on hand in the first place, and you've got to know what the limitations are in such place. So it's not a tool that I think was ever used very much in the state laboratories, although we thought it would be. Max Moody, as I said, started the lab down there, really. He specialized in a group, a strep, and he did a lot of training. He trained a lot of people. Our lab did. He did most of the training in that area. He trained a lot of people to use this technique, including people at the National Institutes of Health and other laboratories. But I really don't think it was widely accepted because with some technical difficulties, lack of availability of the right reagents, but it certainly was useful for other organisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2623.82,2785.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So the states would send their samples to you, and you would use that test on the samples you got and send the results back. And was the difference in using that test that it made it more accurate, or was it speed, or what was the difference in using that technique?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2785.4,2808.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, speed and accuracy, I think both. If you had the right reagents, of course, you needed a good microscope, and those microscopes were expensive. So what happened was they formed a training team, two people, one PhD lady and another master's degree lady, and they went out to the state laboratories and trained people in doing this technique. And they took these micro. They took the special microscopes. They did not have those in the state lab. This is something that, you know, we bought a large number of microscopes. You know, they had $10,000 a piece. There was a lot of money from Dietrich in those days, a lot. And they would take. They would. They had boxes made for them, and they put the microscopes and their other equipment in these wooden boxes before they left, ship them out to the state where they were going. And the people out there would uncrate them, usually, and set them. Set it up for them. They go on out and give a course using flex and antibody technique or whatever they wanted to use it for. He did that for several years. It probably was not worth the cost, to tell you the truth. It was very expensive, but they wanted to spend that money somehow. Anyway. Dietrich was just pouring the money into CDC to do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2808.93,2946.97"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the things I heard about Washington, because the Langmuir and the Hogan each had different ideas about what the lab should be focusing on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2946.97,2972.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Langmuir wanted laboratory that he could call on to do whatever he wanted them to do, depending on the epidemiologic studies or investigation that's going on, a laboratory that would drop everything else and work on whatever it was that he thought needed to be done, done in his specific next investigation. I think that was the part of the problem, that he didn't feel the laboratory responded quickly enough to his needs in an epidemiologic investigation, whereas Hogan felt that this is for a lot of people with us for a lot of different purposes, not just for epidemiological investigations and whatever else may have been involved, I don't know, but that's my guess about it. I remember Langmuir was very enthusiastic about some aspects of poorest and antibody technique. He had me come down one day and give a talk to his group about it, particularly when we detected, were able to stain for anthrax and specimens, tissue specimens that were hard to determine whether there were anthrax vegetative cells there or not. You could use tissue that had been preserved and still stain the organisms, even tissue that has been preserved informally. We did the same thing with legionella later on, staining beautifully and formally preserve specimens of lung alone. So we did some fresh non studies on a big outbreak of anthropology tracks in New Hampshire. I don't remember the year, but it was one of them in one of the mills where they used imported goat hair from Asia Minor. This stuff was full of anthrax spores, and there were several people that got infected. Some of them were just skin infections. I think there were five fatal infections of anthrax. We got quite a bit of the pathology material from that, and it could stain the organism beautifully in the tissues. Actually, we published in a german journal, Zentra block of Bacteriology, with some beautiful photographs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=2972.34,3166.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Because there were these two different types of lab. What I understand is there was an epi lab and a diagnostic lab. Were they two separate types of labs that worked independently of each other, or did you work collaboratively?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3166.01,3188.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, some of both, I'd say Legionella was a lot of collaborative work. A lot of other things. There wasn't much, if any. I don't know how much this. This was due to jealousy between, say, Hogan or whoever the chief was and lightning or that sort of thing. I have no feeling for that. But sometimes it seemed that it was a little hard to know what epidemiology was doing, and I guess they felt it was a little hard to know what we were doing sometimes, but we did also have a lot of interaction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3188.5,3245.24"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You specialize in bacteriology. What other specialists worked with you in your lab?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3245.24,3253.96"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Whatever other work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3253.96,3255.784"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What other specialists did you work with in your lab? What types of other people did you work with? What jobs did they have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3255.784,3270.13"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, all the people that worked in my lab were bacteriologists at different levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3270.13,3275.362"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have bachelor's levels, master's level, and PhD PhDs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3275.362,3282.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Ending up. I think we had two or three PhDs in myself and a couple masters people, some people with b's degrees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3282.42,3304.54"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e How many people were in your lab typically?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3304.54,3306.852"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, typically, and I say most frequently, it's about 25 people in our group. I don't know whether you heard of Doctor McKinney. He worked in a Savannah laboratory for many years and. And he got interested in the fluorescent antibody business because he's a chemist and he could make the reagents and knew about how to make them well. And he was interested in what we were doing with the material, although he's a chemist, not a bacteriologist, but it turned out to be a pretty good one. He decided he wanted to move up here. And apparently he asked the administration to be able to move to my lab, which he did. And he was in my lab. He was still there when I retired. He was there for several years. He took over one part of the lab and did a great job. Good friend housed his wife since then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3306.852,3398.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was the director of CDC when you started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3398.46,3404.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Director of CDC? I guess it was Doctor Vandermeer. Vandermeer. Because he used to come out to Chambly Friday afternoon frequently and walk through the laboratories. He just asked questions like, you know, have what you need, how you're doing, how's the work going, that sort of thing, you know, it was very important because it made you feel that somebody important upstairs cared what you were doing and how you were doing. So not many chiefs did that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3404.26,3452.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So sounds like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3452.08,3453.456"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Unfortunately, I think he had a really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3453.456,3456.76"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Interactive style.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3456.76,3463.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e In the laboratory. Of course, he was not in the laboratory, but in the laboratory. Doctor Mason. Jim Mason was good at that too. He was one of the best. Doctor Sentzer seldom ever came around. Most of the people at that level didn't come around unless they wanted something, do something extra for Jim Mason did. He was very good at that. I think sometimes that administrators don't understand how important it is that they communicate just in that way with people that work for them. It's a working style that some people have, most people don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3463.25,3530.32"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So those two directors stand out in your mind as being outstanding leaders in that area. Did you have much interaction with Doctor Langmuir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3530.32,3548.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Not very much professionally. We went to the same church. See him at church sometimes? No. As I said, he asked me to come over and talk to his group once about his studies we were doing on anthrax. That's the only time I remember, you know, suggesting that we do anything together, sort of, but he knew what was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3548.61,3588.03"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e When you think back on those early days and during the time that you worked at CDC, were there lessons learned that you wish would be acted on these days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3588.03,3607.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there lessons learned that would be less than being. It wouldn't be ignored, but would be acted on these days? It wouldn't have been back. It weren't back then. That's a hard one. Think of some personnel problems, but you always have those. You never get rid of those occasionally personal problems other than maybe administrators or supervisors doing a better job of recognizing the people that work for them just by chatting with them occasionally or saying something to them. It's encouraging rather than just ignoring them. That's probably the most striking thing to me, that could be improved. Most administrators, they say they don't have time, and I know they don't have much time, but that's important time that they sometimes don't recognize as being important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3607.11,3725.51"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That is a good reminder. Are there questions that you can think of that I could have asked that I didn't that you would like to talk about, about? Is there anything that you think would be important to pass along about your experience in CDC as far as things you learned and about your experiences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3725.51,3767.97"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Not other than I think if you try to do a good job, don't waste your time. Respond to your supervisors requests in terms of information they need, even though you get given it to them twice before, which is usually what happens. You have to send in a quarterly report, put all this in a quarterly report, which they don't read frequently, and then something comes up about it and they either don't know it's in their report or they've forgotten they have a report on that. So I pick up the phone, which is the easy thing to do, and call you, and so you go over the whole thing again or you send them another note or something that is irritating but very frequently happens. That's in the area of relationship to your supervisors. Up above.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3767.97,3847.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e During the time that you worked at CDC, did politics ever affect the type of work you did or how you did it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3847.25,3869.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think I can honestly say that it did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3869.01,3876.75"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Because I'm remembering some of the things that might have been going on. It was you were around during the McCarthy era and. But that didn't impact anyone that you worked with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3876.75,3890.83"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3890.83,3895.87"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that's. That's a good thing, isn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3895.87,3899.112"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Yeah, that was a difficult time for a lot of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3899.112,3907.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Was anyone at CDC called in for that? For the McCarthy hearings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3907.12,3917.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Did reward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3917.84,3919.056"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Was anyone at CDC called in for the McCarthy hearings that you know of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3919.056,3924.106"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Not as far as I know. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3924.106,3927.874"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I was curious about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3927.874,3932.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think we would have probably known it if it happened. We knew it about so many other people nationally. Yeah, I think there is polishing involved. I guess I can think of one thing it may have had to do with. You gonna run along, honey? Yeah, I gotta go. Well, you can find me. Well, I think about politics. I was thinking something pretty sure it had to do with legionnaires disease. See, there was a period of time from the outbreak, which was, I think, in September or something like that, until it was discovered what the cause of it was, which was conductor. It wasn't in our lab. It was in another. In the rickettsial lab, actually, the CDC, because they'd been putting SNAPD samples, tissue and whatnot, into eggs, grew the organisms out of the eggs. We found out later we could culture it on laboratory media quite well, but you had to have the right media, had the right thing in it, some iron in it, high requirements for iron for this organism to go well, let's see. There was a meeting about legionnaires disease before they discovered what the cause was. And I remember some laboratory or some health director, I think it was, and I don't know who it was. That was very irritating because CDC hadn't found out the cause of legionnaires disease. And, you know, he was sort of making threats. You know, sometimes they did that could have their way. Health officers and politicians in other states, nationally, you know, the administration has to put up with stuff like that. I know. Not too infrequently, but not very pleasant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=3932.01,4122.359"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That must have put a lot of pressure on you, on your lab. Did it feel like a lot of pressure on your lab when that happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4122.359,4136.05"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it felt like a lot of pressure on other labs here, too. A lot of people were working on it, sort of a group effort. And you go ahead, you do what you can do or what you think you can do. Turned out fine in the long run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4136.05,4160.084"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4160.084,4161.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4161.14,4162.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Remember what a relief it was when they found the agent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4162.86,4166.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4166.46,4171.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess. You said that you had some photographs and some other things, but those are gone now. Right. Okay. I was going to ask if you had any artifacts to share with our archivists, but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4171.02,4187.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think so. Okay. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4187.91,4192.27"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I've enjoyed talking to you, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4192.27,4195.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Likewise. I'm pure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4195.91,4197.438"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. So I just want to be sure we get your name? It's Doctor Bill Cherry. And it's December 8, 2011 and we've been talking. It's about 03:00 in the afternoon now. And I really do appreciate your input.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4197.438,4218.048"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well thank you. I'm happy that I've been able to help if I am helping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4218.048,4223.296"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It's been very interesting because you're the first laboratorian I've talked to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4223.296,4227.232"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4227.232,4227.952"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4227.952,4228.76"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, there's a lady I know. You know the book. It's on my shelf up there. I guess the roller history of CDC, sentinel of health. What was her name? I forget.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4228.76,4239.362"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Elizabeth Etheridge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4239.362,4240.738"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, she doesn't do the laboratory justice. She never really talked to the laboratory people. She talked to epidemiology more than anywhere else. And I never really appreciated her book because she left out a very important part. The story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4240.738,4263.99"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there other laboratories you can recommend that we talk to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4263.99,4285.68"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you know Doctor Cooper or know who he was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4285.68,4290.52"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Cooper?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4290.52,4291.568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, Gerald Cooper. Well I should mention it because he passed away some time ago. But this is a draft. He published that and I never got a final copy. That's a draft he sent me. See, I had written a history of microbiology at CDC many years ago. And he asked me about that and he wanted to incorporate it in this, which he did. It's identified as there somewhere. It's a history of microbiology at CDC. It's not very long history, but it's quite a bit about the early days of bacteriology that I knew about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4291.568,4355.686"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's really nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4355.686,4358.03"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought probably had seen that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4358.03,4360.17"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4360.17,4360.802"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he published it and there must be copies somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4360.802,4364.546"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I will write down the title. Do you happen to know where it was published?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4364.546,4370.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought it was published here somewhere. I mean by CDC. But I don't know whether it was or not. Let's see. Who could you ask about that? Somebody administrative offices ought to know about it. I'd like to get a final copy of myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4370.57,4394.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll look it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4394.66,4395.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, other than just a draft, I don't think he made a lot of changes in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4395.62,4400.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So. It's called collection of memories of early CDC laboratories. And it's by Gerald R. Cooper, PhD Mde, clinical chemistry Branch, division of laboratory Sciences, Nce. And this was written when?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4400.7,4422.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's see. He died a couple years ago. Just finished it up when he died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4422.67,4430.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e But it goes back to the forties it looks like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4430.67,4435.32"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, he was here pretty early. He was. He came maybe a little bit. He might have come before I did. A little bit. Yeah, I think he did come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4435.32,4446.832"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The forties, late forties, 1946 to 1972. Oh, this looks really interesting. I will see if I can find a copy of. And get you a final copy of it. And so if you did this a couple of years ago, it's possible that it's available on the Internet. So let me see what I can find. And if I. If I find a final copy, then I will. Will get one to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4446.832,4491.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That would be great. I'd appreciate that. Okay, well, there's one person in the photographs that you sent that I identified that's sort of interesting that I didn't tell you about. Happened to that number one. Number two, three, four. George? Yes? This man right here is Morris Goldman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4491.12,4565.43"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, good deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4565.43,4567.918"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e He was parasitologist. He was with doctor Brooke Maren Brook.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4567.918,4575.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Morris Goldman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4575.71,4577.158"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Morris Goldman. He left. He left CDC. And I guess he came down with a. From Johns Hopkins malarial group. I think he came down with them. He left CDC fairly early and went to Nis of H, and he wasn't there very long. And he decided to immigrate to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4577.158,4608.454"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4608.454,4609.606"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e So he went to Israel. And I think we heard from him a couple of times about worse antibody because he and Max Moody. Max Moody being the one that I told you started this in billing 22 in the lab that I took over. They're the two he did the first work with. Person antibody at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4609.606,4637.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4637.34,4638.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Morris Goldman in parasitology and Max Moody and billing 22 and bacteriology. I just remember that it's the only one I thought I could really identify there. There's something that I had just because I'm in it. That's Morris Goldman that reminded me of it. And I'm at the microscope there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4638.06,4667.904"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4667.904,4674.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e The lady is Bernice Thomason, who passed away several years ago. She worked with me for a lot of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4674.16,4691.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So this was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4691.09,4695.33"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e One of those CDC publications that came out every 1981, the year I retired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4695.33,4706.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And it's talking about the application of fluorescent antibody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4706.09,4710.258"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's what it's about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4710.258,4716.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And this is. Was this from the MMWR? But I don't recognize the name of the publication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4716.98,4730.372"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's probably what it is. The morbidity, mortality. Maybe this is just to see the CDC. Perfect here. Volume 13 ever looks like it might.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4730.372,4748.142"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Be saying something like Medline CDC or something line CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4748.142,4759.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm really not sure, but it looks like one of the things that came out frequently in the CDC had Internet, internal, internal publications, you know, for staff and people, mainly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4759.35,4776.76"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Says volume 13, number four something line CBC. I'll see if I can find this. And it's talking about the flow. Fluorescent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4776.76,4795.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Antibody looking through the microscope with something fluorescent there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4795.73,4801.81"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. I would guess that this is. This is in the archives somewhere. But thank you for showing me that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4801.81,4815.81"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you requested stuff from the archives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4815.81,4821.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We are working with people from the Emory and the CDC archives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4821.3,4828.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, all those archives used to be down south of South Atlanta. And you know about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4828.3,4837.636"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And there's still some there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4837.636,4839.324"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4839.324,4839.924"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4839.924,4841.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e There should be a lot of them there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4841.06,4843.812"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, those are some of the things that were important to doctor sensor to preserve. So those. That's part of the project as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4843.812,4858.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it should be a lot of interesting material. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4858.91,4862.39"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Really has been. Well, thank you again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4862.39,4867.51"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you're most welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434#t=4867.51,4869.51"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132655/file/247434/transcript/68942/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/942/original/transcript_1765555494.vtt20251212-2593616-e3dby0.vtt20251212-2593616-e3dby0?1765555494","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/942/original/transcript_1765555494.vtt20251212-2593616-e3dby0.vtt20251212-2593616-e3dby0?1765555494"}]}]}]}