{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/kh0dv1fk0m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Melvin, D. Mae"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Mae Melvin, Laboratory Division - Training developed manuals and led courses that helped people in the CDC, Emory Medical School, Federal Commissioned Corps, state health departments, and various other places develop a competency in diagnosis of parasites. Interviewed by Dr. Marion M. Brooke and James G. Paine"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dr. Mae Melvin, Laboratory Division - Training developed manuals and led courses that helped people in the CDC, Emory Medical School, Federal Commissioned Corps, state health departments, and various other places develop a competency in diagnosis of parasites. Interviewed by Dr. Marion M. Brooke and James G. Paine"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/454/small/thumbnail_247454_1727920158.jpg?1727920161","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 1985_Melvin_D_Mae_faststart.mp4"]},"duration":3473.845,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/454/small/thumbnail_247454_1727920158.jpg?1727920161","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/454/original/1985_Melvin_D_Mae_faststart.mp4?1722773549","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3473.845,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[AssemblyAI Transcript] 1985 Melvin, D. Mae [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Melvin, Jim Paine and I have known you for quite some time. As a matter of fact, I was figuring out the other night that I've been associated with you during your career except for nine months and 14 days. You arrived at CDC 14 days before I did. Jim and I will ask you questions and we probably know the answers to many of them but we would like for you to answer them as though you were to some future MCWA CDC historian. So go ahead and tell us whatever you would like to tell us about the questions that we ask. We know that you are native of Fayetteville, North Carolina and you got an AB degree at University of North Carolina in Greensboro in June, I think 1945 or probably late June 1945. Maybe it was the 1 July you came to Atlanta with a fresh master's degree in parasitology from University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Where did you work when you first came to see at that time? Of course, it was MCWA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=31.36,108.63"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it's CDC's birthplace, I guess you might say, at 291 peach Tree. And we were on the second floor of the baptist building there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=108.63,116.782"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you give us some recollections on the physical facilities and so on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=116.782,124.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think I can say they were adequate. I don't believe I can say much more than that. But my impression, I think, of the early days was one of rather than frenzied activity, if I can use the term because equipment materials would come in every day and they had to be unpacked and put away. But I think probably my most vivid memory of that first summer was a temporary assignment to the malaria lab, Doctor Martin Young's malaria lab over in Columbia, South Carolina. I think I'd only been with CDC or MCWA for about two or three weeks when I was sent over there to make 5000 blood smears. And to me, that was the most monumental task I could possibly imagine. And I was absolutely terrified. But fortunately, it went off all right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=124.71,175.556"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you became quite an expert in making blood films.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=175.556,178.844"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that was my initial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=178.844,180.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the things at 291, I remember was that the restrooms were not labeled for quite some time. New employees were getting kind of mixed up with regard to where to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=180.98,191.644"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if you had a little confusion. Confusion? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=191.644,196.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e The first course in the laboratory diagnosis of parasitology started on October 1 of 1945. What's your recollection? Was there anything unique that you can recall about that first course?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=196.7,211.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the first course was made up of 22 students and I believe that all of them are from state labs. And I might add. We did have one student from British Columbia. So that was our first international student. My most vivid recollection was the fact that the microscopes arrived on Friday before the class started on Monday. And we spent the whole weekend trying to get them assembled and in working order and also down on our hands and knees taping electrical cords to the floor so nobody over them. But it was an interesting course. It ran for six weeks, I believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=211.3,246.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e How was that funded at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=246.34,249.812"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think CDC or MCWA. I keep calling it CDC because that's what it was to me. MCWA paid the expenses of the persons coming to course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=249.812,260.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e That was unique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=260.5,262.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Very. They don't do it anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=262.18,265.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that lasted for maybe a couple of years, didn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=265.62,268.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=268.66,270.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Since that first summer, how many courses do you estimate in laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases are that general area given?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=270.86,281.114"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, 1985 was our 51st course, and the first 14 were just solid blocks of six weeks. And then beginning with the 15th one, which was in 1950, I think it was divided into two courses, really. Part one on intestinal parasites and part two on blood parasites. And that's the way it today. But if you count all of those, the two together as one, it's been 51 headquarters courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=281.114,305.768"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you actually instructed in practically all of those? I know there's some that you missed. When was the longest period that you missed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=305.768,315.44"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That was from September 1949 to June 1951, when I was away in graduate school finishing my doctoral degree. So I think I missed four courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=315.44,324.736"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What university was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=324.736,326.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e This is at Rice University in Houston, Texas, with doctor Asa Chandler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=326.1,330.404"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Those courses were relatively small, weren't they? What was the student? Well, the numbers of students in most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=330.404,340.188"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Of those courses, most southern, range from about 20 to 24. And throughout the course of teaching at CDC, we've limited our courses to about 20 people. We feel that that's about the maximum number that we can handle satisfaction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=340.188,353.99"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e About how many instructors say in the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=353.99,355.566"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Laboratory we have ranged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=355.566,357.878"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Lectures?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=357.878,358.526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we've ranged from about three, five. We try to have about one instructor per four students. It doesn't always work out that way, but generally we have several instructors available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=358.526,369.198"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's really one of the unique features of the CDC courses is the student faculty ratio is so, so great. They get a lot of individual instruction. Do you know of any colleges that have given credit for the CDC courses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=369.198,386.992"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it's been credited towards a PhD by two schools. I know DePaul was one, I don't remember the other, and towards a master's degree by a college in Oregon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=386.992,398.44"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e From a standpoint of length of courses, because six weeks and probably about 7 hours a day, five days a week is really a long course. How does that compare with the longer parasitology courses, say, for example, in medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=398.44,417.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it's considerably longer than most, because in medical school, although the program may extend over a longer period of time standpoint of days or weeks or months, the actual hours involved are considerably less. And I think about the longest course that we ever presented to medical students was about 66 contact hours, which is roughly one half of the time that we spend in headquarters courses here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=417.7,444.054"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's perhaps even less than that. Maybe about a third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=444.054,447.678"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=447.678,448.254"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe about a third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=448.254,452.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Melvin, it's rather interesting that one of the first transitional courses was the parasitic parasitology training courses from MCWA to CDC. And I was wondering why you felt that parasitology was the one that was emphasized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=452.11,467.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, at that time, as you know, it was towards the close of world War two, and there was some concern that returning servicemen would be bringing in malaria and other parasitic infections. And there was an equal concern. Laboratories in this country were not really prepared to identify parasites. So I believe that was at the instigation of the state laboratory directors and state health officers and American Society of Tropical Medicine that training in parasitology was started at MCWA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=467.85,500.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=500.18,500.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=500.98,501.324"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me. I think there's actually a petition or something to the surgeon general to take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=501.324,506.972"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Steps to, because there was no facility for presenting this type of training within the country, so it had to be set up, established. And this was done at MCWA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=506.972,518.628"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e You obviously believe that need still exists today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=518.628,521.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it does, because we have a lot of labs around the country who really are excellent diagnosticians in parasitology, very, very good records and high levels of competency. But unfortunately, there are many labs, probably the majority of the labs, that still lack an expertise in parentheses diagnosis. So there's still need for training. Then. Refugees, immigrants, increase worldwide travel by american nationals. All are bringing organisms into this country that most of the people in labs here really have never seen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=521.5,557.87"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You've already mentioned that you prepared a great number of blood films in South Carolina that first summer. There was a program to ship specimens to laboratories throughout the country. It was started at first. I believe Trevik Stubbs was the one that actually got us started in that shipping of specimens. What was that service? What was the purpose of it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=557.87,583.97"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think it's primarily to provide laboratory personnel with positive parasitologic material for their study and to enable them to develop a competency in diagnosis at that time, did not report their results. We simply sent the specimens out to them for their own study use, which they could use as unknowns or knowns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=583.97,608.778"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That program, I know, changed over years and modified in one way or another. Can you tell us something about how it was changed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=608.778,620.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the first program I remember grew from about 52 laboratories to something like 450, and that was discontinued in January 51. And then we picked up a service for these states and included the state laboratories themselves. And this ran, I think, from about 1953 to about 1959. And at that time we were sending two specimens to each state laboratory each month, and they were sent as unknowns. They did report back to us. And then in 1959, we started a correspondence course. And then following that, we picked up another extensive program which was called the parasitology reference check specimens. And that went on for a period of about, oh, I think it was about four or five years. And that was the forerunner for the present proficiency testing program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=620.73,675.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You also, for a time, had specimens sent to students of our courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=675.28,682.96"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we did this for almost about 30 some years. We actually started in 1952, sending post course extension specimens to all persons that finished our courses. And if they took intestinal parasites, they got two intestinal parasites each month, blood parasites, two blood parasites. If they had both courses, they really suffered because they got four per month. But this started in 1952, and we discontinued it just last year because the number of people participating had dropped to a level that made it rather difficult financially to continue it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=682.96,720.976"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I know over the years your laboratory has received a lot of requests for specimens. If people wanted you to give them specimens to study, how did you fill that need? You didn't give them to them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=720.976,737.166"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not too often, because we don't really have any good sources or continuing sources of material. So we prepared loan sets, and we initially started out in 1952 with this loan service with four different types of sets. There was a general that included a little bit of everything, and then one on the intestinal helmets and one on intestinal protozoa and one on malaria. And it's still continuing. It's still in service today. And they are sent out sort of like library books from a library. They are sent out for about three week loan periods, and they are returned to us for, you know, service by someone else. Right now we've dropped the general and the helmet. So we only have intestinal protozoa and malaria going at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=737.166,785.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In addition to that course and laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases, which is primarily planned for people at the bench, we had another level of instruction given for directors. Can you tell us about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=785.9,801.858"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the directors courses, I think, ran from about 1947 to about 1955, and as well, as I remember, there were about eleven courses. This was a two week program that was designed for laboratory directors and supervisors who were interested in knowing sort of an overall picture of parasitologic diagnoses, but were not really concerned about becoming proficient in the technical aspects. So the idea was to introduce them to the laboratory procedures that would be used so they would have a better idea of what should be going on in their own lab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=801.858,839.51"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I think one of the things we learned was that the students, although they knew the better procedures, they had difficulty getting the lab directors to accept them. And that helps somewhat, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=839.51,852.142"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And this was a problem in many labs. So by introducing the laboratory director to the problems and what we generally recommended as solutions to the problems, I think it enabled them to improve their lab performances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=852.142,870.39"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Melvin, I believe, as I recall, for years, for some years, parasitology unit or section or branch, as it was at different times, taught the parasitology course for the Emory medical school. How did that get started and how long did it last?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=870.39,886.722"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it started about 1947 and actually continued in one form or another to about 1976. I think most of our direct teaching ended sometime in the late 1960s. Remember, we started out with about a 40 hours course, and it was given down at Grady hospital and for a number of years. And then from about the mid 1950s, I believe, to the early sixties, it was over at Emory University, and we were teaching a course of 66 contact teaching hours. And I remember that because it involved an awful lot of preparation. We were doing both laboratory and lecture programs. So it's rather intensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=886.722,929.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e While you say the course stopped in 71, does CDC in any way, parasitology participate in the Emory medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=929.66,939.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e To some extent? I might answer that, yes and no. We have relatively little participation, direct participation in it now. But there are several people who've retired from CDC that are continuing to participate. I believe Doctor Kagan is still, still giving lectures there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=939.7,956.482"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I think Doctor Pratt also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=956.482,958.346"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And Ken Carver participated. So in a way, I think you might say CDC. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=958.346,966.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Speaking of contact with Emory, I believe you claim an unrewarded private parking area, reserve parking space over there. Is that correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=966.69,976.554"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. It was a continued claim, but it was never recognized. Back in the late 1940s, as you probably know, Emory gave this land to the government to build CDC. And as I understand it, there had to be a legal transfer of money, some sort of payment, had to be made, and different people remember different amounts. Some people say a dollar. My recollection is that it was about $10, and the government didn't have any funds to actually pay this. So the employees were asked to contribute to make up this fund. So I remember giving ten cents to purchase this land. Now, if the purchase price was a dollar, that means I own 10% of this land. If it was $10, I thought at least I ought to have enough to park my car. That sounds reasonable, but my claim was never recognized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=976.554,1035.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any particular recollections of some of the old timers at 291 that you would like to mention?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1035.82,1043.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember a number of them with a great deal of affection. People like Lois Norman, Sadie Johnson, Morris Goldman. But I think the one that really stands out is doctor Paul Weinstein. I think maybe because Doctor Weinstein is the person who hired me. And he was really my first contact with the US Public Health Service, my first initial contact. And he was the one that did so much of the ordering and getting materials in for that first class. And I always felt a very special warm spot for Doctor Weinstein because I had worked so closely with him for a couple of years there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1043.5,1081.822"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Our children remembered him very well as Captain Weinstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1081.822,1086.55"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember being overawed by all these uniforms because my hometown downtown is federal North Carolina, which is the home of Fort Bragg. So I'd always been very much impressed with uniforms and all these people walking around with Captain and Lieutenant Cole and so on. I really was quite awed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1086.55,1104.362"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in those early days, I think the highest rank at CDC was a major. In fact, everybody were captains. And now it's just the other way around. Everybody's generally a colonel, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1104.362,1117.162"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1117.162,1121.36"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not sure that this is right, but I retired about nine months ago. And you're retiring in a few days. Are we the last of the old timers from 291, or is anybody else from 291 that's still at CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1121.36,1134.984"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, I think we're the last ones. Offhand, I don't remember anyone else that's here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1134.984,1144.96"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor May Melvin is the teacher par excellence of the diagnosis of malaria in the laboratory. But at that present time. But in those early days, we had Miss Amy Wilcox to give that instruction. She still is living in Memphis, Tennessee. But who was she then, and how did she conduct her course or portion of the course?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1144.96,1177.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm not really sure what her official title was, but I know that she was giving two week training programs for the Department of Defense, particularly the army, I believe, at various locations around the country. And she came in to give the malaria portion of our course, which was the first two weeks of that six week course, a good portion devoted to malaria. This was a study of sides, and I really have to say that Miss Wilcox taught me malaria. I owe her a great deal. And we're still using her manual, as a matter of fact, in our courses today. So my teaching of malaria is patterned on her technique of teaching.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1177.73,1222.54"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e She emphasized the examination of large numbers of unknowns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1222.54,1226.436"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1226.436,1227.546"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the unique aspects of the courses of CDC have been very practical and almost just the opportunity to test your ability to find and identify the organisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1227.546,1243.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think in that first. The first course that she gave, she gave us 100 unknowns, and she expected us to do every single one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1243.29,1251.002"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1251.002,1254.23"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Melvin, the laboratories that you came to work at 291 eventually moved to the old Lawson General Hospital, which was a world war two treating hospital for the wounded. And you established laboratories out there, I believe, while you were at rice. Actually, the move took place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1254.23,1277.598"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1277.598,1278.256"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And when you came back from Rice University, what was your reaction to Lawson General Hospital at Chambly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1278.256,1286.48"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I sort of had mixed reactions. First place, we had a lot more space, very spacious, and everybody was together. All of the laboratory people, for the first time, I think, were assembled under, well, not necessarily one roof, but connecting roofs, at least. And the audiovisual group were there also. So it was very nice because you had the people you needed to contact right there at your fingertips. But I have some other recollections, too. I remember I came back in June of 1951, and the weather was quite pleasant. So I thought, this is wonderful, this space and this lovely weather here and the great outdoors. And so about July changed my mind because the temperature was 95 degrees by 10:00 in the morning, my lab. And so I thought, winter is never going to come. Finally, winter did come, and it was equally cold because in the floor under the table where my microscope was located was a hole about eight inches in diameter. And for years I kept a paint bucket sitting over that hole to keep my feet from freezing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1286.48,1355.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e This was the days before air conditioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1355.61,1357.922"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I had no air conditioning. The only air conditioning, excuse me, was in the administrative offices, and they were quite comfortable, but the rest of us were burning up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1357.922,1368.172"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they also had air conditioning for the animals. Animals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1368.172,1372.004"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1372.004,1372.836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e They did rated air conditioning. In those days. A great deal of effort was made both at 291 and at Shamley to provide fresh living materials, diagnostic materials for the laboratory, diagnostic courses, can you tell us anything about that? How are those specimens obtained?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1372.836,1396.778"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, some of the earlier specimens we got from the collecting station in Puerto Rico, and they used to send fresh specimens containing schistosome eggs up to us in thermos bottles by special mail, and also specimens containing living microfiluria bancrofti. And then, of course, we did have a few animals. We had some dogs that we used for hookworm specimens and also for heartworm, using the microfiliary of heartworm as a teaching material. And we had a few monkeys we got specimens from. And I'm sure you remember chasing those monkeys around the buildings downtown every time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1396.778,1432.708"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e They would get out down Peachtree street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1432.708,1434.596"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e So we had access at that time, too, at least some human materials, animal material.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1434.596,1441.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember for a while, we had actually a person stationed in Puerto Rico, our friend Jeffrey was there, that had that specific responsibility of sending specimens up. I know you already mentioned the laboratory animals that we maintained. Wasn't there animal that became one of your pets?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1441.94,1469.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, very much so. We became very attached. I'm not sure whether she became my pet or I became her pet. I'm never quite sure of that relationship. But her name was Petunia, and we named her that because initially she was kept in a small cage, and she used to get quite soiled, and she smelled, she was very aromatic, let me put it that way. So we called her petunia for that reason. But she had a heartworm infection, and we used blood samples from her for teaching for living micro filariae. And I really felt kind of sorry for her being confined so much. So I started taking her home on weekends, and that, you know, deteriorated very rapidly. I started taking her home every day. So she really became an apartment mate. She went on at least one field course with me to Florida. She did. And she attended all the staff meetings. She attended all the lectures, and she really became quite a proficient parasitologist, as a matter of fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1469.14,1531.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In a way, I kind of resented petunia, because when May Melvin was lecturing, Petunia would come in and sit up very quietly and so on. When I was lecturing, she'd come in and rub her back on the rugged, the only place in the building that had a rug. I think it's safe to say that CDC has the best collection of teaching materials in Paris, perhaps in the world. As a result of your efforts over the years, can you mention just a little bit about what it consists of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1531.9,1576.56"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we have a very extensive collection of malaria teaching slides, and unfortunately, our source of material sort of dwindled now, but in the days when NIH was conducting malaria therapy studies on volunteer patients at the federal Penn, we made a lot of slides from that, so we were able to build up a very extensive collection along these lines. And then, of course, the surveys that we collect, that we performed enabled us to collect specimens. So we did have a fairly good collection of formland preserved fecal specimens, and then we've collected these from people that we know, personal acquaintances, formal students and so on. And we never anything away, not unless it is just absolutely unusable. So we do try to maintain specimens in good order, and that way they've lasted us for quite a few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1576.56,1633.866"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember May was always glad when I had an assignment to some foreign country because she realized I frequently picked up parasites. I came back with a nice infection of Histolytica from the Middle east, and I almost came back with the one from Central America, with the dynamic of the fragilis, but I finally had to be treated. But I think I wonder who's doing that now for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1633.866,1659.194"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, that's why I say our sources are dwindling since you retired. We really just don't have all of that good material. But you might be surprised if you came down and looked on the shelf of some of the specimens we have, because there's one mark MMB, he histolytic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1659.194,1679.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e See? Where do we go from here, Jim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1679.34,1687.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I'll touch base here then. Your bench research has been primarily concerned with the improvements of the laboratory procedures and epidemiology surveys. What do you consider that you might have done that would have the greatest impact on these?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1687.14,1703.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think probably the thing that has influenced laboratory performance as much as anything was the development and the research that we did on the use of Triton X 100, which is a non ionic detergent in staining of blood films. It does enhance the staining and enables you to get much, much better preparation, which, of course, leads to a better diagnosis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1703.42,1732.43"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You've done a lot of training in the field of any states that you have, either as a consultant or an instructor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1732.43,1747.56"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, I can only think of three, really. This is New York state, Vermont and New Hampshire. Now, we've given courses in New York and Vermont. It just so happens that I wasn't the one involved in them, but I think those are about the only three states that I personally have not been into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1747.56,1765.59"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I know in addition to being an expert teacher and a consultant, you participated in a number of epidemiological surveys or studies like Winfield, Kansas, and South Bend, Indiana, and on the indian reservations. How did we get involved with the Indians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1765.59,1788.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm a little bit hazy on some of that, but as well as I remember, the Indian Health Service was being transferred from the Department of Treasury to the public Health Service. And these surveys were done to determine the level of care or health services that might be needed for the Indians, their current level of health. So these were done, I believe, on a total of seven reservations, but five of them actually involved laboratory diagnoses. And I was involved in two of these, the one in Montana and the one in Wisconsin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1788.72,1823.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e These, I know, were kind of joint efforts of other organizations within the public health service. And one of the things I remember about it is because the commission officers were supposed to be on 24 hours duty and no question of overtime. But some of the other organizations were amazed that CDC didn't give you overtime for the work that you did on weekends and so on. You don't recall ever getting any money, so maybe it never materialized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1823.84,1854.222"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, I don't. I really don't remember this at all, which is a little strange, because if I'd gotten money. Remember it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1854.222,1866.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e 1960, you escaped the move from 291 Peachtree, but you didn't escape the one from chambly to the 1600 Clifton Road building in June of 60. What was your. What are some of your reactions and thoughts about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1866.37,1883.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I remember the months and months and months that we spent trying to decide what piece of furniture would go where and what was needed. So that was, I think, quite a time consuming operation. But I think the one thing I really do remember is that in April of 1960, we were told that the moo was imminent just next week or the week after. So we should get everything packed up. Well, you know, in a laboratory, there are enormous numbers of things that have to be packed and cradled and so on. So we had everything packed up. We could do absolutely nothing because there was nothing available, even a pencil. This was in April, and we finally moved in July. By that time, we couldn't sit there and twiddle our thumbs for all of that time. So we had to keep unpacking. And every day a little bit more was unpacked so we could do some work. And then finally, I think in July, we moved. And I believe we had about two days notice to get everything repacked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1883.41,1946.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e For a time. Parasitology courses were given for the Peace Corps personnel. What was involved in that? How did we get, why was that important?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1946.6,1958.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, my first contact with the Peace Corps personnel was in 1964. I believe it was in Hilo, Hawaii, my first trip to Hawaii, by the way, and this was the first group of Peace Corps people that were going to be concerned with laboratory programs, and these people would be involved in the malaria programs in Thailand. And then since then, we had 1965, I believe, a program for Peace Corps physicians. I think this was about a month long as well as I remember. And then subsequent to that, we've had a number of groups coming through who are primarily technical groups. I remember one that was going to Brazil that would be doing primarily laboratory work. So I think that the training that we gave those people was perhaps maybe the only training that they did receive in specific laboratory programs. Now, most of these people were laboratory personnel, but we were training them specifically for parasitologic programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=1958.28,2022.308"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The Peace Corps became very concerned about parasitic diseases on account of the places where there are people being assigned. And this is a note. I think the first death of a Peace Corps person was due to parasitic disease. It was liver abscess of antibiotics. I don't know if you remember that or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2022.308,2043.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think that was in the Philippines, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2043.84,2045.808"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2045.808,2046.376"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2046.376,2049.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Melvin, you not only trained people to go abroad, but you went abroad yourself on a number of these trips. Could you kind of chronologically tell us a little bit about your travels?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2049.61,2060.522"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes, I think so. One of my earliest trips abroad was actually a tropical medicine fellowship sponsored by Louisiana State University, and that was in 1958 with about six weeks of study, Puerto Rico and in Haiti. And then subsequently I went back to Haiti about 1964 65 to do some work there in parasitology. This actually was in connection with the Haitian American Tuberculosis Institute, and CDC was kind enough to let me go for about a month. We also, in the preparation of the programmed instruction on malaria, came off about the mid sixties. I made a couple of trips to Central America in connection with that, and down into north and South America. Then, because of Doctor Brook, I was able to go to Lagos, Nigeria, on a wh o two week program on the teaching of malaria. I think I substituted for you at the last minute on that program. And since then I've worked with who on in Geneva and also in Nepal. In 1981, my last trip abroad, and I participated in a tutor's training program that who was sponsoring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2060.522,2139.822"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And there's no little bottles down on the shelf, Mark, Doctor May Melvin, you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2139.822,2144.606"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Know, there isn't really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2144.606,2147.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e You escaped it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2147.15,2148.174"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I was always very sorry because I thought that the least I could do would be equal doctor Brooks efforts. But for some reason, I seem to be somewhat resistant to parasitic infections. Oh, one thing. I was an advisor in parasitology for NCAP, the Institute of Nutrition for Central America and Panama for a period of several years from late 1960s into 1970s. And I worked, did quite a bit of work in the mayan indian villages in and around Guatemala City, and I was very sure that I was going to pick up an infection there, but no luck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2148.174,2185.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e You and I worked with a training branch or division, what it was called in those days in the production of some programmed instruction. You've already made reference to the one in malaria and the one in amoebiasis, or you've used at least one of those rather extensively. Can you tell us how you used it and what it was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2185.74,2211.582"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the amnibiosis program has been used throughout, during the last 20 years or so in our training programs. We've used it as a part of the teaching, and for about the last 15 years or so we've used it as a pre course study program. We send it out to the prospective students at least two to three weeks before they come to class. Now we use this both in headquarters courses and field courses. So we're still making a very extensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2211.582,2238.228"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Use of this program because we worked very hard on that one on malaria. I know you contributed a great deal to it. You don't know what happened to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2238.228,2250.468"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I'm a little bit vague about the final days of that program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2250.468,2254.812"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, maybe I ought to add that the original idea, that program was going to be used for the teaching of people and some of the developing nations, about 19 in Africa. It was kind of a bilateral arrangement to the us government and these countries. But by the time that program was finished, that bilateral arrangement terminated. And so they were used for that particular purpose. But it was quite an extensive operation. Manuals were about four inches high and there was 26 strips of film and there was a viewer that was in a nice big package. And it's my understanding that they have finally been given to who and they've been sent to the regional offices and I trust they're being used. I haven't heard, but did put a lot of effort into it, as you certainly recall. Speaking of that type of material, I know when the laboratory consultation and development section was organized, the program started on single concept films. What was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2254.812,2334.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the single concept idea, of course, was to provide a training, an audio visual training on a single technique, for example, a concentration procedure or staining procedure. And we developed several of these, one on the formal and ether technique, which is very widely used for concentrating stool specimens, the trichrome stain procedure, which, again, is probably the most widely used staining procedure for fecal specimens. And then we have one on preparation of blood films for diagnosis of malaria, and another on the staining of blood films. So they were just individual concepts, as the name stated, for technical procedures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2334.67,2376.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did they end up? What did we do with them if we just didn't keep them here, did we?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2376.16,2382.872"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e They were distributed, I believe, to the state laboratories, and presumably they are still using them. But at that time, they were made specifically for the Fairchild projector. And I think CDC bought projectors and put them in all of the state labs and regional offices. And as you remember, the Fairchild had a lot of problems. And at least once or twice a week, somebody was returning one that was sick, that had to be doctored. So finally, the Fairchild projector type of program was given up, and these were put onto 16 millimeter films. And subsequently, many of these have been put on videotape. In fact, we're still using some of these. We've updated them and redone them, but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2382.872,2428.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We'Re still using them in the seventies. I know another program started called laboratory updates. That always took the place of those single concept Fairchild projector type equipment. What were they? What are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2428.18,2446.47"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the ones that we've done in parasitology consist of two by two projection slides, sets of these slides, along with a taped narration. And there's some materials that went out, some explanatory materials with the programs. These also were made available to all laboratories, and I believe that's the current location. Some of the ones we did. I know I did. A six part program on malaria was a self instructional program. In other words, it involved a response from the student actually doing this. But they were designed to be used by individuals or perhaps two people, but not as a classroom presentation. And over the years, we've added on to this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2446.47,2486.426"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, when those programs were first prepared, wasn't there some sort of a mass utilization of it through some mechanism telephone networks?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2486.426,2500.56"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, the telephone lectures came along, I believe, just a little bit later. But they did develop into this series of telephone programs, and we developed several of those in malaria, which, in essence, were laboratory update programs, much the same thing as the first ones that we did in the early seventies. But this involved, of course, a direct telephone lecture were generally recorded, and whoever was presenting the lecture was available at CDC to answer questions. So there was a direct contact with the students participating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2500.56,2534.864"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And these various places where they were being telephoned into had the set of slides, did they not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2534.864,2541.728"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2541.728,2542.272"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e So they projected them along with the lecture. Have you put all of yours on videotape?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2542.272,2550.128"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry to say we haven't. This is a project that we are currently working on. If I stayed another 40 years, we might get them finished. Hopefully we will have some on videotape very soon because we are working on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2550.128,2565.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e In recent years, you have produced a number of outstanding training materials with the American Society of Clinical Pathologies. Could you tell us a little bit about these and the collaborationists and so forth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2565.61,2579.314"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You're referring, I think, to the atlas of diagnostic that a group of six people, including myself, from CDC, Doctor John Thompson from Mayo Clinic, doctor Larry Ash from UCLA, Doctor Tom Oriel from Tulane, and Doctor James Smith from Indiana University Medical center. And Doctor Smith was the chief coordinator of the program. We prepared three volumes of teaching materials in parasitology, which included two by two slides, a description of the slides, and a little bit of descriptive material about the programs. And there were two people assigned to each volume, and Doctor Oriel and I did the volume on blood and tissue parasites. But each of us participated and contributed to all of the three volumes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2579.314,2635.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the major parasological projects in the fifties was the correspondence course. Can you tell us what that consisted of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2635.67,2647.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, initially, that was started in 1958 for commission corps personnel, and I believe that was primarily requested by the training section or training unit of the commission corps. I'm sorry, I don't remember the exact title, but this involved, I think, about 35 or 40 commission corps personnel, including doctor sensor, by the way. And this went on for, actually, it covered a period of about three years, but it was designed for a two year project, and it was initially financed by civil defense funds because it was done, ostensibly, at least, to bring the commission corps physician personnel up to a state of awareness, if I may use that term, of parasitic infections that might be of concern in this country and also might be of concern in case of a national emergency. So we started this, and unfortunately, the money ran out after the first six units, which was the first portion of the course, and it was discontinued for a time. And then CDC picked it up and it was finished. Then these correspondence courses were altered just a little bit and presented to the state laboratories. We had a number of people. We did this three times beginning about 1961, I think, and finally finished enough about 1968 or 69. They were two year programs, actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2647.15,2738.252"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember there was a lot of writing in connection with that particular project, and it was never published from the standpoint of getting it out on a finished manual sort but you produced a lot of manuals and many publications. You have quite a list of publications. Can you tell us something about them and the impact that they had?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2738.252,2764.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, most of these have been in the area of intestinal parasites, and most of them have been produced in cooperation with a number of other people, mainly yourself. And I think probably the one thing that we have produced that's had more effect on laboratories in this country than any other is the laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites, which is in its third edition now, probably the final one, but it's still being very.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2764.35,2793.442"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It was just recently revised right about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2793.442,2796.176"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Brought up today, 1982.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2796.176,2798.376"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e How about other types of manuals with illustrations in them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2798.376,2803.896"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we have life cycle manuals on intestinal helmets, intestinal protozoa and blood and tissue parasites. These have been updated through the years. I think the intestinal protozoa was perhaps the last one we did, and that came out about two years ago. I think. Then we have the diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites, which is now in its second edition, which came out in 1984. And this includes diagrams of the various organisms found in stool specimens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2803.896,2836.826"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's very commendable that Doctor Melvin has made a special effort in recent years to get these manuals revised and up to date. As far as I know, they're pretty much up to date right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2836.826,2850.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think so. It's something we really have worked on, so I think we've got them in pretty good shape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2850.62,2859.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In the very first course in parasitology, we had certain things that we wanted the students to learn, and there were tests to determine whether or not they had learned them. Can you relate some of those? I think they've been pretty constant over the years, have they not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2859.46,2876.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we still give them lists of things. These are the things we expect you to know when this course is over. We also have more formally written course objectives, but some of the things we ask them to learn, of course, are the diagnostic stages, would be the morphology, identification of diagnostic stages, the infective stages of the organism, how the parasites are acquired or spread from person to person, the body, location of the organism, the type of body material that's examined, the techniques that are needed to demonstrate the organism and sort of emphasize these things. As a matter of fact, the students would think that we emphasize them with a great deal of force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2876.58,2919.83"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e She not only has these unknowns, but you also give them quizzes, don't you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2919.83,2924.414"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we do. They have written quizzes as well as laboratory unknowns. We use a lot of practice unknowns where the student examines the specimen, but we don't grade it. And then of course, the unknowns that we do grade. And it's from these grades that their course grade is determined. And we require 80% as a minimum passing standard. And that does include a grade on the written quizzes which counts about 20% in their laboratory. Unknown count 80%. So there's emphasis primarily on laboratory performance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2924.414,2958.99"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Most of the courses given here, Doctor Melvin at parasitology have emphasized the direct recovery and identification of the diagnostic stages of parasites in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Do you see any changes developing in that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2958.99,2975.27"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there have been changes occurring over the years. I think parasitology perhaps is a little bit behind some of the other laboratory sciences in the development of serologic techniques because we have some problems that are unique to parasitology, such as purification of antigens and reproducibility of results and so on. But we do have a number of serologic tests that are available and others that are being evaluated and probably will be available in the near future. And one of the, I think probably the most useful procedures right now is antigen detection. There are tests available for detecting antigen in stool specimens and for the identification of Entomoeba histolytica. And I think that in the future these are going to become more and more important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=2975.27,3024.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you see the direct approach continuing to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3024.38,3027.364"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, because there are many organisms that don't lend themselves to serologic diagnosis or even antigen detection. So I think that direct examination is going to be with us for some time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3027.364,3041.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Now. You've been here from the very inception and birth of CDC. Is there any particular time that was more enjoyable than others or what was most rewarding? I'm sure all of the period has been rewarding. But anything outstanding, any you wish to mention?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3041.42,3065.044"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, I thought about that many times. I don't think I could really pick one time. I think each decade of the 40 years I've been here has had its own charm, shall I say, and excitement. The early years, of course, are very exciting because it was the beginning of the programs and there was no precedence. You tried all sorts of things to see what was going to work. So I thought that was very exciting. And then later on in the sixties, our programs were expanding and changing direction and even on into the seventies and even now. So I don't think I could really pick a specific time that was more interesting or more exciting than any others. It's all been exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3065.044,3112.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We've talked about many activities and programs that you've been involved in. If you had to pick any one particular contribution that you'd like to be remembered for or feel is your most outstanding contribution. Could you mention one? I know that's kind of a hard thing. That's kind of personal, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3112.91,3139.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm really not quite sure how to answer that. I think perhaps maybe some of the later developments in our training programs and perhaps some of the refinement of the field courses. Our early field courses were very short, and we were able to give information, but not allow the students time to maybe do a little problem solving. I think we've introduced that aspect into our training programs, which has made them more effective to the recipients and perhaps the production of some of the audiovisual training programs and the manuals. To be honest, I'm not quite sure how to answer that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3139.08,3180.204"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I know it's very difficult for someone to get any one thing when you've contributed so many and all of them are very important. I feel that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3180.204,3191.164"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And you've received some well deserved recognition for some of your accomplishments. I'll read those. The 1957 Superior Performance award. 1963, the federal government employee of the year in Atlanta area, the 1966 Special Service Award for the Peace Corps training program. In 1985, the William C. Watson Medal of Excellence, and in 1985, the Public Health Service Superior Service award. I guess I should ask which of those you attribute the most important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3191.164,3223.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that one's really easy to answer. I think it was the William C. Watson award. It was quite a surprise. I had no idea I'd even been nominated for it until I received a call and told that I had been awarded. I was one of the recipients of this. And also it was the first time the award had been named for mister, who, of course, is an old and dear friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3223.16,3245.552"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I would like to ask one more question. Is there any anecdote or humorous story that maybe tops them all that you remember for the 40 years you put in here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3245.552,3260.032"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, I really, really don't think I could pick one single thing. There have been a lot of things over the years that have happened, some of them funny, some of them not quite so funny, perhaps, but going back to the hole under my desk at CDC in Shambley, I remember that that was during the time that Doctor Justin Andrews was center director, and he came through on one of his routine periodic every Friday afternoon trips. And I was fussing about the paint bucket not quite covering that hold and how cold it was. So he was appalled at all these years. Been sitting there with a paint bucket over this hole, and I'd never been able to get anybody to put anything over it to cover it up. The next day, I think at least three or four people from engineering and maintenance were out with a piece of. I think it was linoleum or something of that sort, and that hole was covered up. I do remember that. I was so grateful. My feet were warm for the first time in years. There have been others, but at the moment I really remember them well, we've.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3260.032,3336.77"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Tried to cover your career in some sort of a way. Is there anything else that you think that we should mention or could mention?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3336.77,3350.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't think so. I think this has covered it pretty thoroughly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3350.53,3355.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I guess if there's nothing else, then I'd just like to publicly declare that. Doctor Melvin, you've made a tremendous productive contribution to the field of laboratory diagnostic medicine. I hope that this interview will have conveyed in some sort of a way the extent of your contributions in this subject, and we hope that it will be available for future use by any historians. Jim and I appreciate the time of your career that we have shared, and we certainly appreciate your taking a the time to come and do this interview with us. I guess unless there's something else, we just congratulate you on a long, productive, successful career at CDC. And welcome to the retired group in a few days. Congratulations, May.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3355.58,3430.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. It's been a pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3430.19,3431.526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much. I'm really quite flattered to be interviewed, and if it goes down in the historical records of CDC, that will be even more rewarding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3431.526,3442.64"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it certainly will be, and thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454#t=3442.64,3446.64"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132675/file/247454/transcript/68966/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/966/original/transcript_1765820556.vtt20251215-2593616-rf6ta0.vtt20251215-2593616-rf6ta0?1765820556","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/966/original/transcript_1765820556.vtt20251215-2593616-rf6ta0.vtt20251215-2593616-rf6ta0?1765820556"}]}]}]}