{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/kk94748k0w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ewing, William"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985-05-15"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Chief Enteric Bacteriology Unit, Dr. Ewing talks about beginning work in North Africa and Italy during WWII and then becoming based in Atlanta to help states with reference diagnostics. 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In the public health service. And form a chief of the enter Aj unit of the laboratory branch of Cdc. Morning, doctor Ewing Howard?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=5.56,26.35137"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Morning Jim 5. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=26.35137,28.36395"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Normally, we pick up these talks when a person enters on duty at Cdc, but I think your time experience is, Thank with a fellow Cdc officer warrant some comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=28.36395,41.17"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes. I was really, very lucky. Weeks except for a few months at the beginning. I did my own thing throughout the second world war part that I was in it. It's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=41.17,58.3638"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e We had a a very good large general laboratory. And we operated in North Africa and Italy primarily. But your illusion to to Cdc members, they weren't at that time. But later, 3 of us came to Cdc. Wilbur Dea, and I be the other 1 Louie Smith was here for a short time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=58.3638,89.12956"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's who it was. A teaching an of work. Dea later went on to become chief of the V branch for a while before I retired. The experience in second world war was very good for me. Wasn't for any other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=89.12956,109.68333"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=109.68333,111.1339"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you actually come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=111.1339,112.24774"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e to sex doctor Ewing? 07/01/1948. And and that where Cdc was all over Atlanta at that time, and we were in the Old Va hospital at Sham. Out some of those barracks buildings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=112.24774,131.50336"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you commissioned at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=131.50336,133.25809"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I came civil service. I had a reserve a commissioned in the army. Which later, I went over into the public health service commission car.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=133.25809,144.58162"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Sham, the Sham? Could you give us some feel for those facilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=144.58162,150.71408"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e In general, it was horrible. Facilities When we first came, we had 1 of the hottest summers in the whole of the history of Atlanta area. 95 degree weather for day on end, and there were no air conditioning of of course, there weren't even any fans. And if you open the have windows, dust and more heat Of It was it was terrible for the first year. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=150.71408,184.52771"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e As I recall, we were in... Temporary barracks sort of a hospital buildings that had been converted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=184.52771,190.83298"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was an old army hospital. Which later became a Va hospital, and it's true. They were they were Barracks buildings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=190.83298,202.96495"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e In the late forties, were you involved in the reference diagnostic that diagnostic work for the states?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=202.96495,209.97435"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. That was our prime concern was doing laboratory work for the various state health departments. Who weren't set up to do that kind of work, or who needed that reference type of of work. That was our primary function, really. Research came second to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=209.97435,232.98294"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And very often as a result of that because we got... We unlimited amounts of material to work on no shortage of cultures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=232.98294,246.26224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Most of the states simply were not set up to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=246.26224,249.45264"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Not to go as far as we did. Most of them were set up pretty well and doing fundamental things, but they didn't have the expertise in many instances anyway to to carry these investigations created the end, make a final identification of the organisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=249.45264,269.6692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e How about the ph typing of salmonella type?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=269.6692,273.25836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it's another big item. Of, of course, flash typing had already been used. For some years, and when we started it, there were quite a few far types of of salmonella he known. And we did do that work for quite a long time, of, then Bailey Cherry came. Took over most of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=273.25836,301.6025"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Wait a minute. That isn't true. I'm sorry. 1 of our own people took care of the Ph typing for a long time. Bailey Cherry did come and worked with us for a while, primarily with Fo but the actual typing was done by by other people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=301.6025,321.13724"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And you all were actually the national center for Salmonella and S at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=321.13724,325.8534"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=325.8534,327.92715"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did that involve doctor you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=327.92715,330.16043"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, again, it was reference diagnosis for the states. Primarily. But later on, that extended to international scope, and we were these cultures of both Salmonella and she gall from all the world and had close relationships with international centers in deep Copenhagen and in London. And later, our lab became the the Internet center for Shi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=330.16043,363.34912"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You were sort of looked on as the mister Shi and Phil Edward who was the mister Salmonella. Okay. That irrelevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=363.34912,371.95776"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's about right. We had a reputation anyway of being very good. Now how much that? Really, how much truth there was that remains to be seen and and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=371.95776,385.3434"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e think it was verified in many ways. With the work that you all did. In the early fifties, the typing serum were prepared for Shi, And I believe commercial sales were evaluating correctly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=385.3434,401.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Salmonella as well as Shi gala... Doctor Ed edwards and I prepared leaders of Ann ser for the identification of Salmonella and Shi. And those Ann were distributed to the states. And we also trained people to use them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=401.58,423.79355"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e People from the states came to our unit as some instances is to stay 2 or 3 months. In others to attend the course that that we gave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=423.79355,441.01413"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Ami for related organisms, I guess is a order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=441.01413,445.40332"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Allied are related either on. After all the Salmonella Shi were stocked up in pretty good quantities, we got into work with Es coli. Typing originally because of the Association of some stereotypes with infant diarrhea disease. Which was at that time killing rather large numbers of of infants primarily in nurseries, and in, yes, day nurseries trees, as well as hospital nurseries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=445.40332,483.90463"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And that expanded, of course, and it is still going on. Now we know that there are, Es coli ser that are and and behave very much like the collar organism as far as the symptoms are concerned. And it this work never stops. It always goes on. There's always somebody take over where you left off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=483.90463,513.825"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe as you... As you pointed out the an antigen relationship with e Cole... E coli was clarified. There was Ricky Cole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=513.825,521.0042"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Every Shi that's known. Cole is related antigen to 1 or another of the Ash coli o antigen groups, but there are many e coli that are not really go. But all of the miguel are on the 1 side related to known as acute. Coli ser groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=521.0042,549.97015"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=549.97015,553.6353"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe in 19 53 this... Your studies has indicated that bacteria fa, can carry antigens and introduce them into bacteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=553.6353,563.315"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we didn't do the original work on that. But Doctor Let did that. And he and his wife came when we were still in Sham, and worked with doctor Had primarily for several months learning about typing of of Salmonella. And then he and doctor Ed was collaborated in some work on trans transaction, which is... By use of fo transferring genetic material into atoms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=563.315,600.54987"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e They all worked out very well. And doctor Le received a nobel. Prize in medicine for that and some other work that that he did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=600.54987,617.2571"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, in 19 53, you were made the director of international Shi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=617.2571,625.6546"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=625.6546,626.2933"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e What. Did that entail you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=626.2933,627.5706"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e drop Well, it entailed working rather closely with people in other countries who were wanting to get started with work. Primarily at that point with with Shi because those organisms are are the causes of death all over the world and much worse, of course, in the... In the so called developing countries where h conditions often are horrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=627.5706,659.255"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Did that entail sending out specimens for evaluation or having people come here for training or both?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=659.255,665.17505"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Both. Both. People came for training 1 of 2 ways to work in the library in the laboratory 1 on 1 almost. Or to take the courses that we that we were giving at that point twice a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=665.17505,682.29663"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you all go to the field at this point or was it most of work done at Sham?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=682.29663,686.45746"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Most of the work was done at Sham, but we went out to investigate many outbreaks. This was... Before the epidemiology part of Cdc was really going. And we we were our own epidemiologists in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=686.45746,705.0296"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned earlier the outbreak in in nurseries and newborn nurseries and diarrhea, what was our actual involved? Did we receive the specimens or did we go out on the outbreak?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=705.0296,717.3063"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Both both? Both, mostly the latter, occurred in later years when we had the intelligence officers. E officers. Here at Cdc. They took over that function of investigating outbreaks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=717.3063,734.84076"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e But we've received the specimens and work on them, here in the Atlanta area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=734.84076,744.16833"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e We've talked in some specific terms. But I wondered if you could talk a little bit in in general terms about the diagnostic tools that you all were using in the mid fifties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=744.16833,759.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, first, we identified organisms by means of their biochemical reactions. That means that we examined what a culture did on various substrates, for instance, carbohydrate, substrates or citric sodium something else. And then beyond that, once we knew an organism was a Salmonella, or Shi gel or whatnot, we went on to use ser to to extend the examination and the occasion. The ser physiology you see puts a label on an organism. And if you have a large outbreak and the organism all have the same antigen structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=759.49,808.4565"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The organism... The outbreak was caused by that particular organism me see. That was extended greatly in later years, because nowadays, for instance, pla, which are little chunks of of the chromosome, Dna that can be transferred from 1 organism to another. And when that happens, it... Cable on the organism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=808.4565,841.45685"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And it's another character in the identification of it and frequently is a big help, There have been outbreaks for instance of, salmonella infection in which the organisms for men lac. Which dominoes are not supposed to do, but it was found that later on that there was a pla, that had come presumably from me Gia coli had been introduced into that strain of sa and then, it grew and functioned, producing the enzymes necessary for lactose fermentation. That became another label. Nowadays have Dna probes, can be used to find those those pla and other genetic material in bacteria. That excuse me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=841.45685,896.71466"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e What did training about the people coming in and about but specifically, what did we get involved in in training in again, the mid fifties?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=896.71466,908.6941"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, at that time, we gave a course for 4 weeks. Twice twice a year. And the first 2 the first week was really primary isolation and preliminary identification. Then the second and third weeks were entirely Shi ser or in the third week with Salmonella ser. And the last week was the root of the far typing of s ty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=908.6941,939.9965"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Later on, other people took over the functions of the of the Ph typing, so we dropped that from the course. This was after many people had come taken it, and the need for the training, diminished over a period of years. This So wound up giving a 2 week course in the later years, still primary isolation identification, and then ser of of Bo and and Salmonella all in 2 weeks. Excuse me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=939.9965,974.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e This was for what level of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=974.6,976.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e of these are train technicians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=976.12,978.27997"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e train technicians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=978.27997,978.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. They had to be to come and handle those organisms safely. Most of them were very good, and what we were doing was just adding a little to their existing knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=978.92,995.264"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And the research of that era?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=995.264,998.04865"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e All tied to the diagnostic work. Many cultures were received, and we've compiled the hard way. This was before computers. We compiled all sorts of data on on biochemical reactions of all the thc of a allied organism such as ceremonies and developed tests that would could differentiate, for instance, ceremonies from a member of the Ac it it was what was called then anyway methodology research. Working on methods that for the improvement and improvement in every sense, speed, actually and so on, of the message we were using.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=998.04865,1056.1407"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e It was in the in the mid fifties that I believe you we ran into some of or it came to lights on the early infections of a hospital acquired infection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1056.1407,1065.7843"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Yes, in the in the late fifties is when we got started. Recognizing the fact that such organisms of Were involved in those como or hospital acquired infections in many, many cases And previously, sir duration Assessments was considered to be a totally harmless organism and normally it is. But what happens then and now is that You have a person in the hospital who's already sick or he wouldn't be there. In other words, he's compromised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1065.7843,1112.5621"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Quite often with treatment that reduces his resistance to infection. And 1 of these organisms any 1 of many different kinds can get into 1 of those people from somewhere else in the hospital, source somewhere else in the hospital or community and produce serious illness and quite often, that is the final insult that kills the patient. So that organism like Ser, mars essence and p, various kinds pro. Mostly organisms that hadn't been regarded as very much of a pathogen, suddenly became very important. Particularly in the hospital infections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1112.5621,1164.5417"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the beginning. Yes. Now it's of course, well recognized but the problem still exists. We have conferences every 10 years or so on these infections and still In spite of everything they happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1164.5417,1182.9731"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And they also... This also by the same time you picked up the human carriers. Or or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1182.9731,1188.8661"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e well, human carriers of Salmonella Ty have been known since Ty Mary. And, that was reasons for developing the ph typing that helped label these people as carriers. And as the participant in an outbreak of thai fever for instance. But many other organisms started to become involved and assume more and more importance. As time went on because we were building up Re of information about this sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1188.8661,1230.585"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me. And then in the more recent years, beginning about the early sixties, the epidemiology department was started here at Cdc, and and they took over a lot of the leg work involved in studying these outbreaks. Not only those outbreaks in hospitals, but community outbreaks caused by Salmonella for. Instance like the recent 1 we had in the Illinois, Indiana, area where milk was involved in a in a a very large outbreak of San. There was another big 1 a few years ago in, Riverside, California very, very large.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1230.585,1280.8734"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e No 1 knows how many cases there were. It it was a widespread outbreak. That was water born, in that particular as since if I recall correctly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1280.8734,1292.9573"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Were, you all involved in the Preston, Kentucky mine studies it went on in 19 50.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1292.9573,1299.1025"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e In the mining area in in the Cumberland Mountains. Yes. There was a team of epidemiologists and microbiology went up there to study, transmission in a community, and they used a number of these mining communities because if you've ever been to 1 they're pretty disastrous as far as the H genetic conditions are concerned. And a lot of good work was done. And a good deal learned about transmission primarily of these coli that are involved in diarrhea disease shi gall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1299.1025,1340.7996"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Less about Salmonella in that particular study. But the She chicago were just going through those con those communities from person to person to person by means of hands, fecal, direct transmission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1340.7996,1360.7648"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e About this same time, I believe there was some outbreaks in resorts in Wisconsin that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1360.7648,1368.0997"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, some of those are still unsolved. Some of them were bacterial in, in origin and very bacteria you. We're inc in a few of those. But in many of them or several of them, perhaps, I should say, a real definite, eve ideological agent was never identified. We can always assume that there was a virus there, but there's no proof that there was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1368.0997,1400.6038"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Or that there wasn't. Viral ideology of diarrhea diseases has progressed considerably in the last 20, 25 years. But at that time, there were so many viruses found in stool specimens that we had viruses with no disease to go with them, which you might expect because, for instance, in bacteria, there are many many more non pathogenic as far as we know as there are pathogenic. That applies viruses too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1400.6038,1439.9333"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e In 19 56, I believe you received the Kimball award.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1439.9333,1443.682"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Ed Shared that. We published a book. After doing the teaching that we had been doing for about 8 years at that point, I guess, we wrote a book jointly. That turned out to be quite helpful to many, many people worldwide. It's always had a red cover, and it's known very as the red Bible and the red devil, and names like that all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1443.682,1476.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Still, it's known his fourth edition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1476.22,1480.0397"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e did you participate in the recent revisions I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1480.0397,1482.2767"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I did the recent 1. Yes. And that's my last. I have a young man. It's gonna take it over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1482.2767,1491.3193"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e As I recall, the fluorescent antibody techniques will first use. For Shaq gall in 19 57.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1491.3193,1497.865"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's about ride. Long in somewhere. That was Bailey cherries work along with Bernice Thomas and others. It started in with defense against the bacterial warfare, labor search for labels and which would identify organisms at least tentatively as rapidly as possible, and they started with s ty and various Shi, and also with the es coli that are involved in diarrhea disease That was that was a separate piece of work, several pieces of work, But we were involved indirectly with a good deal of it because we did a lot of the control work. Cfa work was confirmed or denied by means of the customary conventional biochemical and ser methods, but it had it started along in the mid fifties there and still going on, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1497.865,1580.3273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It's spread to everything from Ra up and down. And it use is very valuable. In Ra francis instance, as well as in detection of thai forward carriers and and the like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1580.3273,1597.9664"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You went through. I guess you'd say the good news, bad news move from Sham to Clifton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1597.9664,1602.9808"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, wow. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1602.9808,1604.1747"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e 1600 cliff?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1604.1747,1606.6631"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We... That was... Our unit was moved on 07/29/1960. It's a day I will never forget.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1606.6631,1619.4568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Because here in the corridor where we're where our laboratories were, and they just kept coming truck after truck of refrigerators incubator boxes And I was running up and down that corridor or telling people where to put those things. When I got home, that night, I I just died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1619.4568,1643.5945"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e As I recall, we had gone through several years of planning with little blocks and models and the whole thing trying to lay out the labs and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1643.5945,1656.7611"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e redesigned the labs the way we wanted to. And they build them that way. And it they were used that way without changing the form in any way for... For many years. Now if Phil Edwards came back and took a look, I don't know whether he recognize that corridor or up there anymore it's changed quite a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1656.7611,1683.0452"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e In 19 62, you followed doctor Edwards as chief of the enter beck geology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1683.0452,1688.9655"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Doctor Edward edwards was made chief of the whole section, and I moved up into the geology position of chief of the unit or the laboratories. Yes. Neither 1 of us were administrators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1688.9655,1707.4889"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Or wanted to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1707.4889,1708.523"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Or wanted to be. It was 1 of those things that goes with it... Job, but we had to do it, but we resent the amount of time we had to spend in staff meetings and the, like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1708.523,1723.9224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe that same year and 62 you with a hundred and 20 fourth person certified to the American Board of medical microbiology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1723.9224,1731.963"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I got in that through a grandfather clause, not because I was had to demonstrate anything and way of techniques or anything like that. It just... I had been around quite a while that time. Now younger people coming in have to take examinations to get into that thing. But I guess the powers would be in that organization decided I had enough of that, and they let me in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1731.963,1764.0835"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e In 19 67, you received the P r Edwards honor award.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1764.0835,1768.0793"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. After doctor Edwards passed away, we we started a fund to form some kind of, remembrance memorial, award in his name, and the local branch or actually, it's a regional branch of the American society for microbiology in this Southeastern area instead that award, and I did receive it long in that time. I don't the exact date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1768.0793,1808.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e 67, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1808.06,1810.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Old doctor had died in 66. So they never You see it got started pretty fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1810.38,1818.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe shortly after this period, you re your administrative duties. To devote time to research and Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1818.86,1826.8507"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I did. I had such a backlog of data. That was just crying to be written out. And I couldn't do it and handle the operation of the day to day operation of the various laboratories in the unit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1826.8507,1844.6515"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So, Doctor Ko allowed me to sort of step down and take another title as a research microbiology or something like that, And I devoted the next several years and just almost a hundred percent, and got caught alpine a lot of that. Backlog of of data and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1844.6515,1869.8516"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e that you had worked on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1869.8516,1871.2074"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e that had this year. Well, that I had and that the other people in the unit had they all contributed through their own efforts, and their names were on all these papers. The ones that that contributed helped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1871.2074,1889.4707"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there anything about them that we've sort of the high points that we we... And we've just touched the high points that we've missed that you would like to the comment on that should go down in the history, any monumental?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1889.4707,1905.5549"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Will there were a number of things like that move on July 20 ninth? In 19 60 that stand out, but that really is not not associated with the work of the unit for Cdc. The whole thing grew and grew and grew. When when doctor Ed edwards in George her and I came here, we started work all of us. On 07/01/1948.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1905.5549,1936.985"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And at that time, it was just a skeleton of brand. And the whole laboratory branch consisted mainly of para and our unit and so on and since then, of course, the whole thing has grown by leaps and bounds until it's Now mecca, mecca for scientists all over the world. Anybody coming from a foreign country that's connected with laboratory work or epidemiology, many other things now, they have to come and at least pay a short visit. It's it's become quite a quite a place, but outside of the growth and so on the high points were constant. There was always something happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1936.985,1997.3884"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And I've I've said many times to friends and acquaintances that I've always considered myself very lucky. To earn a living of sorts anyway, doing something that I really liked and enjoyed not I've looked at all along, and I'm still hanging in there. No. I can't add much. To what we've already said, We've covered pretty well, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=1997.3884,2026.962"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you any anecdotes or humorous happenings that you might wanna relate here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2026.962,2036.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there's several, but they can't be put on film. And I can't write at the moment, think of anything, Oh, 1 thing sticks out. This was Bailey Cherry again, doctor Cherry. When they were trying to find fa, bacterial fa that could be adapted, say to the tool organism or anything. They a a common source of of disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2036.72,2072.955"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Specimens. And we were still at at Sham he was working at his own unit at at this time. They went to try to get some sewage out of a... Of a sewage canal or large pipe somewhere in the neighborhood of of of the old loss in the hospital where we were. And they found particularly funny, but they found a layer of about 17 18 inches of oil on top of the sewage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2072.955,2109.1836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It seemed that all the service stations when they drain a carrying case it just went into the stores. And it was a horrible mess. I guess they stopped that sort of thing now. But he did get some fa out of there, but he had a hard time doing it. And he got all oil all over everything, dirty crank case oil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2109.1836,2131.3013"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He's about ready for a good auto craving when he was done with No. I... There were a lot of humorous status say things, but I've gone blank on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2131.3013,2147.1846"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Your retirement date is 19 74.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2147.1846,2150.527"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Correct. I retired from Cdc and took another job the following day. As a consultant to a commercial form firm, and we did workshops all over to the country and in many many other countries, England, France so on. And been I retired from that in 81, but I haven't retired totally. I'm still about 20 percent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2150.527,2180.2798"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, as you said starting on the book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2180.2798,2182.3577"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes. I just finished the book and we had to keep up on everything that's going on to... To revise the book and then too. I'm still consulting for some commercial companies and 9 and ann give a talk at some society meetings, something like that. Few people around, still remember, me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2182.3577,2203.9065"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure this is not covered in your professional papers, but I happen to have heard you play a pretty mean sa in a couple of the Cdc band presentations. And I understand you actually played some in college","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2203.9065,2219.4102"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e before that, I started in grade school playing dance jobs, wood wins. Yes. Sex from Cla it. That's how I got through high school college, When I got to graduate school at the University of Michigan, I had to quit 1 or the other. Either the back or the music, so I quit the music.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2219.4102,2244.9602"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e But I still play for my own, relaxation. It's very good relaxation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2244.9602,2252.4412"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well doctor Ewing and, I I would like to say that I very much appreciate your adding this valuable piece to the Cdc history and have enjoyed very much our conversation, and we'll look forward to, maybe doing this again, a little further along the line. Bear line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2252.4412,2268.573"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Jim. I I appreciate that, and it's been pleasure. Thank you a got it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440#t=2268.573,2276.573"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132661/file/247440/transcript/68947/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/947/original/transcript_1765557292.vtt20251212-2593616-b8fpx4.vtt20251212-2593616-b8fpx4?1765557292","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/947/original/transcript_1765557292.vtt20251212-2593616-b8fpx4.vtt20251212-2593616-b8fpx4?1765557292"}]}]}]}