{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ks6j09xv2w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Olansky, Sidney"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985-06-05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Olansky, Director of CDC Venereal Disease Research Laboratory discusses his early career, syphilis treatment history, and the Tuskegee Study. He explained that war times and his interest in obstetrics made the Public Health Service (PHS) salary and Venereal Disease (VD) program attractive. Interviewed by Bill Watson, former CDC deputy Director"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dr. Olansky, Director of CDC Venereal Disease Research Laboratory discusses his early career, syphilis treatment history, and the Tuskegee Study. He explained that war times and his interest in obstetrics made the Public Health Service (PHS) salary and Venereal Disease (VD) program attractive. Interviewed by Bill Watson, former CDC deputy Director"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/458/small/1722773597_19850605_Olansky_Sidney_faststart_1722773609.jpg?1722759210","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 19850605_Olansky_Sidney_faststart.mp4"]},"duration":2508.592,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/458/small/1722773597_19850605_Olansky_Sidney_faststart_1722773609.jpg?1722759210","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/458/original/19850605_Olansky_Sidney_faststart.mp4?1722773584","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2508.592,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[Deepgram Transcript] 19850605 Olansky, Sidney [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is 06/05/1985, Atlanta is in the midst of an earlier heat wave. Outside, and here we are and, Cdc. I am Bill Watson, formally deputy director of Cdc a retired last fall. And with me today is doctor Sydney Lance ski, who was the director of the V research lab at 1 time. And the purpose of our session today is to get a tape of, doctor Orlando career in the public health service and some of his to accounts of things in V and the V program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=27.08413,70.7825"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Perhaps a a good way to start. Doctor Alaska would be for you to tell us a bit about your early career in the public health service. How you came in and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=70.7825,78.875"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e on, I came in quite by accident, during World War 2, I could not get a residency because I was unmarried, and I was looking for entrance into the service into the army at that time, but my number was far off and my friends convinced me not to do it at that at that particular time, but to wait until I was drafted, I saw an advertisement for the public health service. With a fabulous salary of some 3000 dollars a year. After You had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=78.875,112.66357"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e finished medical school at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=112.66357,114.09202"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I was... I just completed an intern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=114.09202,116.40848"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e an internship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=116.40848,117.36118"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And and internship we were getting 18 dollars a month. This salary seemed awfully high and I thought I'd do that while while I was waiting. My interest at the time was ob. And so when they asked me, what area of public health I'd be interested in I. I took V because that was closest to ob asset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=117.36118,142.3347"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e They... So I I was oriented at the in bethesda. What year was this? In 19 42 42. They oriented me in bethesda with Nih now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=142.3347,156.81462"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And my first assignment was New Orleans on the way down I got I got into an accident and was unfit to be seeing patients, so they assigned me to a young man who was... Down their named Ag who was an excellent clinical V man. And in 3 months, he made a V or out of Med macarthur. Then I was sent to Jacksonville, Florida where. The problem was a very large 1 with Air force navy an army all together down there and probably all the professionals in the country flock down in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=156.81462,194.77272"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And there was a group from strong Memorial hospital, which included Trolley carpenter and Stafford Warren, both of whom subsequent helped establish the Ucla Ucla medical school. And we all worked together on various research projects, including in Ars sn. And then I met doctor Parent, doctor Van, 1 of the postgraduate courses and yeah, hot brings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=194.77272,225.52568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Was doctor Parents sergeant general at the time was surgeon you sergeant time. And Doctor Ava was head of the V program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=225.52568,231.91302"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He was head of the V program, and they were both interested in a doctor Wen who was in Panama, trying to clean up canal Bd wise. And so they talk me into going to Panama, which I did for approximately a year. It was a very interesting assignment, but I was glad to get out because it was just like the weather here all of time right. Go. Well, they...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=231.91302,259.08582"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I was there for less than a year and and was brought to Washington because the rapid treatment center there was being run by a young southern boy. A very good guy incidentally, but they were heading raised riots in detroit at the time, and they were concerned about his being a southern, and I was from Massachusetts, so they figured I'd be safe. They brought me in and that's how I got started in V and the to the logic stent. In Washington, we had the rapid treatment center at the municipal hospital layer every time they had something they wanted to try out, We got an opportunity to try it, and all dig came through where brought down to our center was a very nice experience for me. And I had an opportunity to considerable research particularly clinical research in the management of Ed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=259.08582,314.57297"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e After going through that period, which was about 48. I became a enamored of a era of dermatology, because I was running into problems constantly that I couldn't solve. So I doctor Call, who's was a chief at Duke, had met me through my V activities and invited me to go down there for residency, which I did. I came back to Washington worked for the public health service part time at this same center, while I was trying to staff... Gallagher hospital at Challenger Hospital Now called the Dc General.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=314.57297,349.56213"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Yeah. By this time, Ted Ba was the chief of program, and he talked me into coming back into the service. And to come to Atlanta to take over the v near Disease Research laboratory, which was being moved from Staten Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=349.56213,368.93893"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e They. Why was that done?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=368.93893,371.108"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was pretty isolated there. It was away from the clinical problems of V. See. Initially, Staten Island was selected because they got a lot of the sailors, particularly the the regular sale is not the navy necessarily. Mh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=371.108,385.74976"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And merchant marine. Merchant marine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=385.74976,388.46378"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Yeah. U.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=388.46378,389.58133"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Couldn't think of the word. Well, they they were a tremendous source of clinical material in V. Because every time they came... A ship load came through they had it. But that began to dissipate after a while, and the the V program got wider than that, and they thought it ought to be centralized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=389.58133,406.6694"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they felt that going to Washington would be un unwind, and they had an established organization here in Atlanta. And Cdc. Cdc. Right. It was smaller then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=406.6694,418.68387"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And it... It started as the old malaria project, and I think Van had a great deal to do that moving it down here because he was the chief at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=418.68387,427.8935"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e chief of Cdc. Cdc. Yeah. He had been chief of the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=427.8935,431.2279"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He broke the, but he had been chief of Cdc. Was Chief of Cdc and thought... He would like to have a big outfit down here, and he was very successful at it I might say. And so I think that's the reason the lab came down here. And where was it physically located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=431.2279,448.5039"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It's Sham where where the... The old Loss general hospital Mh Sham up there. And that's where I was all the time was was with the lab and subsequently when I became a consultant to the program. Mh. It was here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=448.5039,465.70447"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So this is this is my a shortened career and after spending about 5 years here as as director of the lab and, we had done. What I considered a pretty my my function was to go around and correlate the laboratory with the clinical and because of my experience as a clinician, I think that was done rather successfully, We had a lot of fun in doing it. But subsequently, the the real... The number of cases began to drop. They began...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=465.70447,502.40973"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e They considered closing alto, which was 1 of the things we observed and supervised, and they... And I had... I was ranked a medical director at the time because the job called for that They wanted me to go to Washington while I didn't feel like I was the Washington type and doctor Call and Want you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=502.40973,522.87115"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e to go be a bureau democrat instead of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=522.87115,524.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e white coat. Well, I'm not good and I'm not good at that. So doctor Keller, He was my former of chief at Duke invited me to come back on the fa up they there and I did and spent 4 years there and then subsequently Emery invited me down here to to set up bra and dermatology, they've never had a complete program before. Mh. And that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=524.88,546.367"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Now a em am and Went practice with my 2 sons downtown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=546.367,549.97284"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e In dermatologist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=549.97284,550.93164"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e In dermatology. Well, I do some V","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=550.93164,553.1689"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e too. Alright. Now that was an interesting, time to be into the program. During during the war. That people today probably don't...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=553.1689,564.0739"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Realize that that was the largest single program in the public health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=564.0739,567.25635"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e service in World war 2. It was it was a very large program. Probably had more money than a lot of the others right. And it was interesting from other points of view too. We went from, being able to being a good clinician in order to practice V because we had very poor therapy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=567.25635,587.6276"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Ars and Bi to you didn't have to be a condition at all as long as you knew how to shoot somebody. Right? Yeah. Any idiot all treated nobody could diagnose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=587.6276,596.90173"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So... And So it was a very interesting time to be. I had had experience with all of various types of therapy, Ars and business. T ph therapy malaria therapy, and then subsequently 10 7 and all the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=596.90173,612.92004"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e any, you were involved in all that before Pen before the antibody era. Yeah. And where you you were around and involved in... Those early trials or experiments and the use of antibiotics or.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=612.92004,625.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The the 5 day intensive treatment, the 8 day intensive treatment Yeah. All of that. As a matter of fact, when I first went to to the rapid treatment center in Washington, we had no pen. Who were using the intensive ars drip. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=625.57,642.77814"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And that's the way we started out. And after a few years, Came in, and we won first to get a chance to use it, It was it was what a boom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=642.77814,653.735"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. It had to be a boom, But then there is 1 school of thought that says a very good was mounted before the advent of the antibiotic. Oh, we are. Do you subscribe to that there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=653.735,665.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Control method was you... Yeah. It was pretty good. It was pretty good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=665.67,670.396"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e In terms of, at least blocking, stopping the transmission disease. The but cure is another matter and it's very difficult to assess cure because of the varied opinions to what con... Cure. Some people won't accept cure unless patient. It's just as good as they were before they had it ser and physically, well, time passes were not that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=670.396,692.8175"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=692.8175,693.5331"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e We know we think that ser the ser is less important than the other findings, but the there was the hopkins school felt that you had to get the ser test negative or didn't count. Was that doctor Moore?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=693.5331,706.9838"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Moore from hopkins. Mh. Now, V was instrumental in developing 1 of the best, ci test syphilis ever even to this day. That was named after the lab, V of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=706.9838,729.0951"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e disease research lab test is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=729.0951,730.60693"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e what I was called? Yes. Do you have any stories about how that occurred?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=730.60693,734.5856"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was made possible. They... The... V of the the laboratory was composed of some very smart dedicated people from John Mah on down, John. H, doctor Arnold and and Add Harris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=734.5856,751.6668"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e When they were able to isolate cardio and less, Then they were able to chemically put together an antigen that they could you... At that they could reproduce. And whereas previously what they did was they took a a beef heart and chopped it up and stuck it in alcohol, and then they played with it and tried to get, the same antigen twice and they really...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=751.6668,773.85443"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that the basic Was pro the original approach is what you're now describing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=773.85443,777.854"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Was and Khan. They all used really what Amounted to beef part. And And so it's a crude antigen and was subject to changes from temperature and water and all sorts of things. When we got cardio less, then they could analyze those things they could put them together in the proper proportions, and they could set this thing at any sensitivity they wanted really. Other experiments in the lab allowed them to set the sensitivity of this this particular test at about 1 week after infection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=777.854,816.62946"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=816.62946,817.34503"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e That was straight advance over the previous procedures. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=817.34503,820.4459"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Then then they they could consider... Checking the labs for for performance and whatnot they could they could monitor these all the laboratories around the country and could set standards that other people should be able to main paying previous to that, they couldn't do it. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=820.4459,836.00635"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And that was a pioneering kind of public health effort of what you just described. Paying as I've heard it described to me that, here was a good test, as as good as it was in biology, the time in medicine at the time, and the public health service took the lead in ensuring that every laboratory at the and every state could do that test and write it right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=836.00635,860.9227"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. And it would... It became the standard procedure for all the other testing that was done by Cdc and Checking the laboratories for everything else that that the public health laboratory did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=860.9227,872.62555"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e The lab improvement, program. I whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=872.62555,874.634"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e program beginning. That was the beginning of it. Right. I wish I could take credit for it, but I can't. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=874.634,880.8668"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You're being bought stop Sure. Program speaking of Doctor Mah, his name is associated with treating syphilis and gonorrhea read 2 I suppose. For the first time with antibodies and I've heard some interesting anecdotes about that. You were close enough to that, I suppose to have first firsthand knowledge, I knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=880.8668,901.03625"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e quite well. Yes. The way it started was when Pen came out naturally, everybody wanted to try it and everything, and it it was very limited and the war was on. So there were lots of things that inhibited the production of it. The 1 great thing about it though was 1 Pen was first brought out was that it was monitored by the service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=901.03625,924.8535"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was it was controlled by the government And this is 1 time where the government control was good because they were able to just hand it out for the proper reasons and in the property.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=924.8535,935.5618"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e They control the district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=935.5618,936.4392"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e You control the distribution they can wrote the use of it completely. Therefore, we were able to come up with with statistics of were meaningful, whereas it if everybody had it, we'd never been able to do this because everybody would wanted to try it on everything that did work. But Doctor Mah, did it in spite of everybody. He used it in V in spite of against group, particularly who said that Pen wouldn't work. Based on some studies that were done by doctor Eagle Ad Hopkins in his in his animals and he said it doesn't work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=936.4392,972.8624"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Mah was so convinced that it did that he grew his own Pen and treated the first full patients. It's staten island. Doesn't and 4 4. There were 4 patients. The original 4 patients at Staten Island, and it was Mah, Arc arnold then and Ed Harris that were involved in that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=972.8624,991.99054"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And that was the beginning of pen therapy for syphilis, And then, of course, later on, they got... They used it in in Gc as well, and and that was the beginning of the V, Pen story. I really. And it could well have gone by the boards because... But he just insisted it was gonna work and he made it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=991.99054,1014.4639"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Classic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1014.4639,1015.354"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e My god. They are not a great me round who go back. To some of those giants and public health that worked in the V program, that was doctor Par, you mentioned who is given a great deal of credit for the fact that the program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1015.354,1035.7672"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e came into being. Yes. Yes. He was he was responsible for seeing that we did have AAV program. And also, he was the man that made syphilis a household word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1035.7672,1047.8864"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Previous to that, people never mentioned the word, a accepting the sides. They use all kinds of substitutes, Yeah. Like Louise and spa disease and whatnot, but He he just called it syphilis, and that was it. And he was probably the first 1 to start on the education program, which I think. We now carry on more so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1047.8864,1071.9927"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e There's the story about his fight to use the word on the radio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1071.9927,1076.6985"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1076.6985,1078.0697"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And he he won that fight. He was quite a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1078.0697,1081.2651"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e used the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1081.2651,1081.6646"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e words was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1081.6646,1082.3835"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e He wrote several books that were very popular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1082.3835,1085.1932"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Shadow in the land. Yeah. And sure. And others is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1085.1932,1088.8488"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And others. Yes. He wrote a number of them. He's a very interesting man. He was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1088.8488,1094.1099"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Very dedicated and a very tough director, but a very humble man that also his when his kid was running a paper out and couldn't make it. He went around and delivered the papers and things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1094.1099,1108.8969"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he was surgeon John molly was research exactly. Is that right. Then there was Doctor Evan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1108.8969,1115.0552"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The Evan was was his right hand man, I think that when when he was doc Doctor Evan was the chief of the... V program when doctor Per was surgeon general and they were very close friends. Doctor Ava was subsequently came here and of Cdc, Cdc. And very all both of them very dedicated people. The the V program in those days had people that were very dedicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1115.0552,1140.1726"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e As you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1140.1726,1141.6816"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1141.6816,1142.6346"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The most dedicated group of all, it was had nice group to work with for that reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1142.6346,1150.9341"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Very competent as well as being yes How did that happen? How did they attract that kind of talent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1150.9341,1160.4182"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e You know I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1160.4182,1160.8154"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e think that feel where you know, there was a a stigma test to even using the word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1160.8154,1165.4601"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Well, I think it was the leadership of people like pairing and Van. And and then later on, Ted Bauer and Rod heller and that whole group. It it just sort of translated down. I think they got it by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1165.4601,1179.7479"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Contact or something. But there's... It it just... It was classical. It was always the the section of the public health service that was the most dedicated, always things going on and people like to join it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1179.7479,1192.9607"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And people who came in as young medical officers and the third ended up being the senior. People running the public health, exactly. And decades of had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1192.9607,1204.1245"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do have leadership I guess?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1204.1245,1205.6353"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Do you have anything else to add about the revolution that you've witnessed and participated in in the biological sciences. What, was done in the 19 thirties is is very different from what's being done now in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1205.6353,1224.6224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e 19 85. Of course, the the big the big change was having a therapeutic agent that was so effective and so safe and was was effective in all types of syphilis. And Gonorrhea most of the time, now now we're we're getting resistance to the Gonorrhea as far as Pen concerned, but it was it was tremendous. At the beginning, it was... I think was inhibitory because with a good therapeutic, you stop thinking about the disease is it what the heck I can just treat it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1224.6224,1261.5447"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e But then then that ceased we began to look at and better methods of diagnosis and the Fda came about. The cardio life lesson of course was the first step in that direction, we had a test that was reproducible, and that was important. Then we we looked for more specific tests than first, that was the T, which was specific, but we really wasn't that helpful in everyday use. The T Abs test. I mean, the Fta came along with fluorescent techniques and we had a test that really was pretty specific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1261.5447,1300.0583"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So that at least when it was reactive, we knew that it had something to do with Spa disease in that individual. Those things were were very, very helpful, but the research in in Syphilis sort stopped except therapeutic in this way. I think I understand now it's... They're starting to go back and look from the... Oh, from the cellular point of view, Looking at at various types of I logic changes that we couldn't measure before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1300.0583,1330.425"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And as of now, they haven't come up with anything that's helped. But I think they might since they're working on it in that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1330.425,1338.7843"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e There may Marvel down the road that No, not dream out today. Now the the approach to managing syphilis went through some rather distinct changes too. You you moved from, outpatient therapy to inpatient therapy but when did that occur? During the war is... Did the war bring that about, were the rapid treatment centers where the people were I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1338.7843,1367.5273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I think Yeah. The war brought it about. And the reason for that... The primary reason was to to be able to treat. All the infectious people as quickly as possible so that could stop the transmission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1367.5273,1380.1361"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And all that to get those fellas in the army and to make make their lives safe In in a sense because the feeling at that time was that syphilis was a killer. I think perhaps that was a little exaggerated. It's not a good thing to have and there are certain complications, but they're not that great, particularly now with pen therapy. But at that time, what we are trying to do was to control the disease because the experience more wall 1.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1380.1361,1410.1422"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Right was that it was... It it hurt them a lot. And even in World War 2 at the beginning before Pen Many of our men who were in Africa were getting infected and they were rendered useless as soldiers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1410.1422,1424.9943"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e So it was part of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1424.9943,1426.269"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1426.269,1426.9065"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e to try to keep what happened in W 1 from reoccurring Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1426.9065,1430.2529"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was mostly the war if they did it. Yes, ma'am. And then. So we in order to get intensive treatment in order to be sure that the patient was adequately treated. We had the hospital...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1430.2529,1442.3435"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Then after the... When Pen was discovered, we had to hospitalized them again because Initially, it had to be given every 4 hours. Mh. Boom Right for. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1442.3435,1457.4427"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Panasonic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1457.4427,1457.9198"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Didn't have a long lasting. No. We did. They came out with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1457.9198,1460.6232"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e But that came in later, that came said. Really after almost after the war ended.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1460.6232,1464.6781"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And then that enabled the public health centers to go back to an outpatient approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1464.6781,1470.8296"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Once we got long acting pen, then they went back to our patient therapy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1470.8296,1477.2087"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And that occurred, after World war then. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1477.2087,1480.2273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Shortly after it was beginning that they we had the Roman Pen and beeswax. It didn't work out very well because that was a bad. I thought we had propane. When once pro king Pen came in and we could go back to an no pitch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1480.2273,1494.742"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I say. So you you you in fact, lived through a great deal of that transition to an There's a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1494.742,1502.4072"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e interesting anecdote, when I had my rapid treatments in it, I felt badly about these poor guys, we had to stab every 4 hours for 7 and a half days, and some of them had pretty tails. I. We got we got the adding a little pro along with with the Pen. We noticed that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1502.4072,1520.4285"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e leave the discomfort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1520.4285,1521.3035"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. U. And we... And our patients when they checked them out, did much better all the other but the prolonged levels. And I didn't have sense enough to know it So I called Chuck Ryan who was the expert then at that walter told buddies said, off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1521.3035,1535.8936"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Nothing to it or idiot like you wouldn't have noticed it. But that was propane Pen, and we could have discovered it and been famous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1535.8936,1544.6876"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. But you had used it before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1544.6876,1547.957"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e We used it Well, we we just mixed it up to quote. I asked the nurses stick the sal in first suck up sugar yeah. Do relieve the pain?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1547.957,1558.6729"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e 1 of the research efforts of the health service that began in in the early 19 thirties has become quite controversial, and yeah, more recent times, see, so called Tu study. Do you have any comments to make about that or anything that you would like to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1558.6729,1578.8936"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I was involved in the Tu study because it was part of the job description being director of The V Disease Research Laboratory. It was our duty to follow up on these patients is had started it's that actually, it's Staten Island. And what we did was but when did it start? I'm trying to think it was in the thirties the the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1578.8936,1600.7893"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e early thirties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1600.7893,1601.5865"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The early thirties. And the reason it was started was that there was a publication by a Norwegian named Bur, who had felt that because the treatment that was available was no good. He he just decided not to treat a lot of people with syphilis and follow them along and see. What really...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1601.5865,1622.45"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e And 1 of the Scandinavian gotcha. In Oslo no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1622.45,1624.7699"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e In Oslo. Yeah. Yeah. And this was this was always constantly being quoted and we thought there were certain weaknesses in in the study. First of all, he he he didn't have decent laboratory tests like we thought we had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1624.7699,1641.8809"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e For example. He didn't that he didn't have controls on his patients. He just sort of sent them out and brought him back and we were we were looking for they were looking for way. Because that nothing to do with establishing it, but they were looking for a way to see if they could confirm this because they would like to known what the risks of getting syphilis and not being treated really were. I mean, how much how many people are getting neuro syphilis or cardiovascular syphilis or what have you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1641.8809,1670.4818"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So, apparently, they found this small county in Alabama where which was so rural that you couldn't even write to the people. 2 if you put a letter in that box, they couldn't read it and so they they... It just stacked up there. They they had no clinic facilities there for outpatient treatment. And so they thought that this would be a pretty good group to study from the same point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1670.4818,1700.2246"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e They they did decide not to treat not to include anybody that had opens that's had clinical syphilis was all latent. Mh. Other words, ser logic syphilis only, and they ruled out neuro cardiovascular, etcetera. And it... I thought this was week 2 and like the Oslo study and in that it was all males, and it was all black.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1700.2246,1726.7534"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e If they could have gotten a similar group of white They would have done it. And the reason they focused on that 1 was that they they had reports of a lot of positives ser all coming out of the area. So you had a a group that couldn't get to the usual facilities and it seemed like a good group to study. And it was for a long time. It was in in the middle thirties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1726.7534,1751.4062"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And so we got involved in it in 19 40 with 19 50, actually. Mh That's you inherited. I inherited at that time. And what we would do is is go over there months a year and and do physical on them and also get ser tests several times a year. We we started out with the whole standard ones, then the V team and subsequently, we're using T and even Fda on this group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1751.4062,1783.4626"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It... I thought my personal feeling is that the people involved in the study had better medical care than any of the people around them because they... We had a nurse who was on call all the time, who would go see them regularly and who could be called by to go see them. If there was any question about the health. They were brought into Tu and taken care of either at the institute or the Va hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1783.4626,1812.5165"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e To prove the point, someone lived to be about a hundred so we couldn't have done a much harm. I think they were very careful to select the type of patients that we would... That would not suffer from no treatment that was available then. By the time Pen became available, we felt it was would have been no of no value. In...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1812.5165,1834.9836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. And that's an important point because, most of the people who criticized the study. Say, okay, you might justify it until Pen arrived. But after that, and is when they have problems with any kind of Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1834.9836,1853.4694"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, well, this is... You know, when I I said before that some people can't get together on what represents a cure treatment. These people, if they'd had any complications along the way they were pulled out treated for it. If there's was any reason to give them pen for other other medical problems, and there was no substitute they were given the pen. I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1853.4694,1876.5621"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e But when when you have 20 years or 30 years of latency. And all of a sudden can give pen and we know that doesn't make any difference. The individual using the material we had already in this study in the Bur guard study it wouldn't. They become 0 fast, that if they don't have any complications by then, they're not gonna get me. And so that was what but that was a political decision, unfortunately, rather than the medical 1.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1876.5621,1906.766"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I think the medical people would have agreed that they didn't need the Pen on. They but you get your, you know, lots of things have done me unfortunately, but they ruined a pretty good study because Again, I don't think it that they had the pen at the end, but it ruined the study from a scientific point of view. I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1906.766,1930.334"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You had any advice, if you had to live over again, what advice would you give to the towers that be in the public health service respect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1930.334,1940.1464"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know because it was an open study. Everybody knew about it. It was reported at all our research meetings and whatnot. If it... I guess I guess the the only advice I give is to do it at a time when you weren't gonna have any any bigger problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1940.1464,1956.7516"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1956.7516,1957.645"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that was the whole thing. Because the study was well conducted. The people knew what they were knew the whole thing, at least it was explained to them maybe they didn't have sense enough to understand it, but it was explained to them. And they... I don't believe we did anybody any any harm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1957.645,1975.2925"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And I do think we did a lot of good. But that the thing that that ruined it was the I see. The racial of people really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1975.2925,1988.2653"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, you left the public health service way out about mid the mid fifties. Is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1988.2653,1995.1235"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e I left in 55 because I didn't wanna go to Washington to be a bureau democrat. U. And doctor Call invited me to go back to Duke, and beyond the faculty, so I did, and I was there till 59, and then Came was invited to set up a program here at him nice and I visited them until I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=1995.1235,2015.7675"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e had to retire. But you served as a consultant to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2015.7675,2018.8037"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e all of the almost all the time. They only... They only fired the about 5 or 6 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2018.8037,2023.4512"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Little. I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2023.4512,2024.4886"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I was getting something all school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2024.4886,2026.0847"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e about it. So, from the outside, you had a chance to observe the public health service, the Ed program and Cdc after you left it. I'd be entered in your observations about, of institution the public health service was in those years during the war and and following it and now. If you're close enough...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2026.0847,2052.139"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I and I personally think it was the best service to be in from a medical point of view and and during the time you were ran in. During the time I was in it. Yes. It's hard to tell what's happened to it since because it's gotten so big. And with big, you always lose a little of this personal touch it, it becomes imp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2052.139,2075.8765"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e And I would think... But there's no question in my mind that of all the money that the that the government spends, the 2 best places are here Nih age. I. In in terms of what they get for their money. I think the epidemiologists have demonstrated that very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2075.8765,2095.087"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e All the things that they've worked on. Sure. It's costly, but it... But they worked it out, and I'm sure that that will will come back in and live saved and whatnot to say. Just on on various things that they've done recently, the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2095.087,2110.4282"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e What's the name of the disease in Philadelphia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2110.4282,2112.5037"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Got legion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2112.5037,2113.621"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Legion engineers. Yeah. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2113.621,2116.668"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, you had a a chance to observe Cdc from the time it was little fledgling organization until now, it's has a name recognition of with any organization in government. Would you have predicted when, you were at Sham and the early fifties that the Cdc would have grown into the kind of institution that it is today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2116.668,2143.6626"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e No. No, But it's a testimonial to the to the people who ran it in those days, the the giants, because they could see it though. I insured Wander was sure it would be like this. You think he had the vision. Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2143.6626,2157.2087"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e No question about it. I'm sure he did. And he watched it all along his ram ram fucked. He says he live up street dead. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2157.2087,2167.295"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. That Yeah. I... I'm sure I'm sure they didn't. Because the big break came when when Eisenhower was elected, and he wanted to build the kind of building they built here, you know, a joint pub...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2167.295,2181.2488"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Re joint the government, the private institution. And they had the plans already. They've been turned down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2181.2488,2187.385"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2187.385,2188.5796"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e stuck it in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2188.5796,2189.2961"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Don't I on the board already.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2189.2961,2191.287"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Yeah. And and I think that was what made it possible right away. I think they'd had done it anyway, but not so fast if they didn't get the building at that time. And then they were...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2191.287,2202.649"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e They had outgrown the building almost before it was finished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2202.649,2205.3657"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2205.3657,2205.7651"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e We had to stay in Cha. They didn't have room for down here. As I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2205.7651,2209.1213"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Exactly right. So you then are are saying that a great deal of success is due to the caliber of people that Cdc today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2209.1213,2223.1199"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2223.1199,2225.601"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e How well did the labor and the epidemiologists work together in in your experience in those early days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2225.601,2233.0195"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in the early days, they they worked pretty well. I thought the the the... Our our function was to was to standardize the laboratories that function was to grab the cases. There wasn't a lot of... I've...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2233.0195,2248.6501"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody seemed to be in the same direction. There wasn't a lot of competition along those lines, and there wasn't a lot of jealousy at. I thought, that... That happened higher Actually. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2248.6501,2259.2734"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e On the ground. There our does Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2259.2734,2263.5093"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e At the working level. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2263.5093,2264.8677"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e At the working level we go call on very well. Everybody did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2264.8677,2269.5127"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e You weren't organizational a part of Cdc at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2269.5127,2272.3809"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e want to start with. No. We came down here as a as a branch of of the Bd division, which was huge in those Right. See. Actually, it was bigger in than Cdc it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2272.3809,2282.2795"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e That's exactly right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2282.2795,2283.954"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So I don't know why they wanted their independent it... I was not involved in that at all. But it gradually came into the Cdc, umbrella, ultimately. Which what it should have done. I think what they were concerned with is that the V would be broken up in and absorbed into the other labs and that the other laboratories wouldn't feel the same way about it as they did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2283.954,2309.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, they had they're this axe to grind and and that's what happened. Incidentally. Once they got absorbed, the the laboratory did too. And so it it it no longer is an entity, although they're doing the same kind of things and they're doing the same good work. I'm sure, but it's not a V anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2309.09,2328.1729"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e It's just the Cdc labs. I think they were trying to prevent that because they had some pride in this they they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2328.1729,2335.2842"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e They have... They did a lot of... Of the great binary work and lab improvement in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2335.2842,2339.105"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e So it was... That was probably 1 of the didn't want to. The lab was probably the main reason. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2339.105,2347.4175"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. I'm running out of questions. What you wanna add for poster to this store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2347.4175,2353.8723"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e The only thing I wanna say is that I don't know what is like now. But as far as I personally am concerned, it was 1 of the most gratifying experience, my profession experience as being in the public health service. Especially when I was in, but even afterwards as a consultant I really did enjoy being in it, and I thought it was a very worthwhile institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2353.8723,2376.3428"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank you very much. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458#t=2376.3428,2379.8428"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132679/file/247458/transcript/68968/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/968/original/transcript_1765825854.vtt20251215-2593616-81jyjl.vtt20251215-2593616-81jyjl?1765825854","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/968/original/transcript_1765825854.vtt20251215-2593616-81jyjl.vtt20251215-2593616-81jyjl?1765825854"}]}]}]}