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Today's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1.0,6.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date is February 10, 2016, and we are in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Centers for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=6.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. I am interviewing Dr. Curran as part of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=11.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Oral History project, The Early Years of AIDS [acquired immune deficiency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=16.0,20.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syndrome], CDC's Response to a Historic Epidemic. We are here to discuss your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=20.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience during the early years of CDC's work on what would become known as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=25.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS. I must ask, Dr. Curran, do I have your permission to interview you and to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=30.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"record this interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=36.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Absolutely, Dr. Miller.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=37.0,38.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Jim, I've known and admired you since the very beginning of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=38.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemic. You assumed the leadership role on AIDS for CDC from the very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=43.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning. Each and every one of the narrators I've interviewed for this Oral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=48.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History of the Early Years of AIDS at CDC has expressed their admiration and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=53.0,58.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gratitude to you for how you provided leadership for CDC's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=58.0,62.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nresponse. You served","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=62.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Coordinator for the initial Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=63.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Opportunistic Infections in July 1981 and became the Director of the Division of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=68.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIV/AIDS in the National Center for Infectious Diseases by September 1989 with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=74.0,79.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of staff. Currently, in your position as Dean and Professor of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=79.0,84.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epidemiology at the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, you've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=84.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continued to provide leadership at a national and international level on AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=89.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For this oral history of AIDS at CDC, we will be focusing on the early years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=94.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning in June of 1981 with the publication of the first Morbidity and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=101.0,107.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mortality Weekly Report on five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=107.0,112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"homosexual men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=112.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's begin with your background. Do you want to tell us a little bit about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=113.0,119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you grew up, your early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=119.0,122.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfamily life, and where you went to college and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=122.0,126.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=126.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I grew up in a suburb of Detroit and attended college at the University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=127.0,133.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Notre Dame, where I majored in premed and chemistry, and then went on to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=133.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. When I graduated from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=139.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school, my intent was to go into OB/GYN and family planning/population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=145.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"control and get a Masters in Public Health and save the world from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=150.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overpopulation. That was interrupted, as for many of the men of my generation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=155.0,160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Vietnam War, and I had an opportunity to serve then as a Commissioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=160.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Officer in the U.S. Public Health Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=166.0,169.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Who or what influenced you to go to medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=169.0,173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I was raised in a family in which my father was a businessman and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=173.0,179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher and my mother was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=179.0,181.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhomemaker. They always admired the family doctor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=181.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was a close friend. I had an interest in a combination of humanities and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=184.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"science and service. I went to a Jesuit high school and that was fostered in my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=191.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school era. I thought I would try out premed and medicine and it combined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=199.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of those things together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=206.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So you were drawn to public health initially, but then reaffirmed by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=208.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=215.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, I had an opportunity. I was going to have a Commissioned Officer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=216.0,223.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deferment, a so-called CORD deferment for the Family Planning Service, but that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=223.0,229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"program was authorized but not appropriated--a term I wouldn't learn the true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=229.0,235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning of till decades later. I then had a choice of going in the Air ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=235.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n Force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=242.0,243.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately or seeking out a Commissioned Officer's job in the Public Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=243.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Service. That led me to beginning discussions with the CDC. At the time, what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=249.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was called the Venereal Disease Branch was embarking on an initiative for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=256.0,262.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gonorrhea control. It had been solely a syphilis organization before that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=262.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"populated largely by dermatologists. Anybody who had even a marginal interest in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=268.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"OB/GYN and the complications of gonorrhea occurring mainly in women was a good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=274.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fit, so I took that position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=281.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Tell us a little more about your main emphasis of work before AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=284.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I began as a Commissioned Officer assigned to the University of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=291.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee to study the economic costs of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=297.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncomplications of gonorrhea, and as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=301.0,303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such I was an instructor in Preventive Medicine. We set up a laboratory and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=303.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began an elaborate screening process to look at those complications in Memphis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=309.0,315.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tennessee. I really liked it, so I said I'm going to give up OB/GYN and just go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=315.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into public heath. I then applied for career development at CDC, among other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=323.0,329.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"options, and was awarded two years of career development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=329.0,333.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Let's shift our focus to your involvement with what was to become known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=333.0,339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as AIDS. In the very earliest days of AIDS at CDC, we mentioned that on June 5,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=339.0,347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1981, there was the MMWR on five young homosexual men with Pneumocystis carinii","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=347.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pneumonia in Los Angeles. Two of the patients died. Now, you had linkages to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=353.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=360.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncommunity, if we can call it a community at that time, through CDC's work on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=360.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Hepatitis B vaccine trials and other sexually transmitted diseases, or STD","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=368.0,374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. Was there any awareness of these cases, this type of illness, through this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=374.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"channel for you before the MMWR?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=381.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, I came to Atlanta in 1978 as Chief of the Research Branch of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=384.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"VD [Venereal Diseases] Control Division, and our highest priority was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=392.0,398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funding of studies leading to the Hepatitis B vaccine trials in gay men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=398.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arguably, Hepatitis B was the most important STD in that community at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=405.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I believed, and our Division believed, that we should provide the funding to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=412.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assist the Hepatitis Division, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=419.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas then in Phoenix, Arizona, in conducting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=422.0,425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trials. So we got deeply immersed in working with the gay community and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=425.0,431.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their providers in five cities in the United States. However, it really wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=431.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until we saw the draft of that MMWR article, maybe two weeks earlier, that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=436.0,442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were able to start making our contacts. And we found when we did that many of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=442.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these doctors were seeing more gay men with abnormal conditions, not necessarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=449.0,454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the serious Pneumocystis pneumonia yet, but they were seeing these lingering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=454.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kinds of other types of chronic conditions. At the time there were two national","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=459.0,465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"STD Control conference meetings, one in Atlanta and one in California. We were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=465.0,470.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"armed then with this new MMWR draft to go and talk at those meetings to people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=470.0,477.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were seeing gay men in their communities--our contacts in the hepatitis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=477.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncommunity plus others--and that was an opportunity to really get our hands in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=482.0,488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=488.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Tell us a little bit about your interactions with the clinicians who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=490.0,496.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must have been the early warners, in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=496.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other cities that you mentioned. Who were these people and their background,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=503.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what were some of the initial hypotheses about this condition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=509.0,514.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The first cases in Los Angeles were reported by Doctors Michael Gottlieb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=514.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his colleagues, who was working in the gay community, along with Wayne","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=520.0,526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shandera, who was the EIS officer at CDC in LA at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=526.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And the EIS being the Epidemic Intelligence Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=532.0,536.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Yes, the Epidemic Intelligence Service officer in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=536.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nLos Angeles. Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=540.0,542.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gottlieb had trained in infectious disease and immunology in New York City and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=542.0,550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a very well-trained Assistant Professor at the time at UCLA. We made calls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=550.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to San Francisco to some of our colleagues there, but the first patient I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=558.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually saw was in New York. There had been a call and contact with Dr. Linda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=566.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laubenstein, who was an oncologist at NYU [New York University]. Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=575.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laubenstein, herself a polio survivor, had with her fellows seen cases of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=581.0,588.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma in a disseminated form and wanted to have CDC assistance. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=588.0,596.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"head of the group at CDC ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=596.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndispensing the drug for Pneumocystis was Dr. Dennis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=600.0,603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Juranek, who himself was an outstanding epidemiologist and veterinarian. So they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=603.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked me to come along as a physician to see this case the week after the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=607.0,614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MMWR was published.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=614.0,615.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't help but remember the time I met that first patient. It turned out that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=615.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had much more in common than we had differences. He and I were exactly the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=621.0,627.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same age, and we had both gone to Catholic prep schools in Detroit who were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=627.0,633.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"football rivals. He might've been a little bit smarter. He had a scholarship to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=633.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yale in acting and I went to Notre Dame and became a physician, and he had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=639.0,646.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarship to Yale in acting; he was a handsome actor who had these blotches on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=646.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his face. And he said, doc, from CDC, what do you think, can we get rid of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=652.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthese, is this going to hurt my career? And, of course, I had never seen a case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=659.0,667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Kaposi's sarcoma in my life, and I didn't know what to tell him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=667.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, he was treated with very aggressive chemotherapy, which probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=674.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hastened his disease course. I had a chance to see him several more times before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=679.0,686.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he died, and actually the week he died in the ICU [intensive care unit] at NYU.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=686.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What struck me in that first encounter is how similar our backgrounds were and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=694.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how differently things turned out for him. But for the grace of God and this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=701.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"damn virus, that could have been me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=708.0,711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Almost immediately CDC established the Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=711.0,716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Opportunistic Infections, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=716.0,717.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith you as the coordinator. Can you tell us a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=717.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little bit about those early weeks and months, and who was working with you and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=723.0,731.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how that got organized?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=731.0,733.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The CDC political background, at least as I remember it, was that Ronald","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=733.0,741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reagan had just been elected President to replace Jimmy Carter. Some of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=741.0,748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stimulus for the election was very high unemployment and inflation rates. In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=748.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iran the hostages were taken in the Embassy, and Ronald Reagan rode that to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=755.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"election victory. For the first time there was an organized religious group that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=763.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was supporting the Reagan administration, following Ralph Reed and Pat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=770.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robertson, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=776.0,777.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nso there was a motivation to appeal to that electorate. But the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=777.0,783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"main thing was the concern about a decrease in domestic spending. There was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=783.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hiring freeze at the CDC and a freeze on a lot of budgetary aspects of CDC, as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=790.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well as a commitment to close the Public Health Service hospitals and to cut","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=799.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back on domestic spending, with increased spending for defense in an attempt to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=806.0,813.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vanquish the Soviet Union. So all this was going on in the background when the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=813.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first cases were reported. CDC had been relatively fresh from an investigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=821.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Legionnaire's disease in 1976 and Toxic Shock Syndrome following that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=827.0,833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were fortunate to have Dr. Bill Foege retained as Director of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=833.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCDC through the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=839.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political transition because of his impartiality and excellence and I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=840.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10,000 bipartisan connections, so that we had that advantage to begin with. Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=845.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foege wanted to make sure that we could continue to respond to new threats, even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=851.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we had limitations in our budget and travel. One of the really good things is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=858.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that CDC swarms on new problems with the Epidemic Intelligence Service and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=865.0,871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"general mentality of responding to a threat. So the Epidemic Intelligence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=871.0,876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Service officers, which, of course, included you, Dr. Miller, said, we want to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=876.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deal with this new problem. Despite the financial constraints that we had and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=882.0,888.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the personnel hiring constraints, we had an eager group of people that came from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=888.0,894.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the agency. People working on cancer, people working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=894.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin virology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=898.0,899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people in STDs, people working on environmental issues--all were assigned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=899.0,904.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together to this ad hoc task force that we called Kaposi's Sarcoma and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=904.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Opportunistic Infections. We wanted people to realize that we considered this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=910.0,915.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just an epidemic of cancer, not just an epidemic of infections, but an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=915.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemic of a conglomeration of things forming a syndrome, which of course now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=922.0,928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know is immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=928.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How did you come to that decision so early on in the epidemic, the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=932.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Kaposi's sarcoma and some of the opportunistic infections were linked? That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=940.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might not have been obvious from day one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=946.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: We heard about the Pneumocystis pneumonia because of requests to our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=950.0,956.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parasitic Disease Drug Service for pentamidine isethionate, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=956.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand we called around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=959.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our physicians who said, we're also seeing Kaposi's sarcoma. And then there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=961.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were calls from New York City. There was a Dr. Bijan Safai, an outstanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=967.0,973.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expert in Kaposi's sarcoma at Memorial-Sloan Kettering, who had seen more than a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=973.0,979.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dozen cases. There was a Dr. Greg Ackerman, who was the foremost pathologist on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=979.0,985.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma at NYU, who had certified all of these cases. They were all in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=985.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay men--it only took a few phone calls to find out this was going on, too. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=992.0,1000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these patients with Kaposi's sarcoma would also get Pneumocystis or they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1000.0,1006.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be immunocompromised. Although the patients were seeing different doctors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1006.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conditions were occurring in the same populations in the same cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1010.0,1015.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So you called around. I think that's a strength of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1015.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCDC, but I'd be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1020.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in hearing more about that process. Did you call health departments?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1022.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You called people who knew people? How did that work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1027.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, we had many connections in the infectious disease community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1031.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doctors [Harold] Jaffe and [Mary] Guinan and many others knew people who knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1036.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. We knew people from our Hepatitis B studies in that community, and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1041.0,1047.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we knew who had requested pentamidine. So we made these kinds of connections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1047.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the first week or so and made a couple of visits in the first couple of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1052.0,1059.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weeks. Then shortly thereafter we dispatched EIS officers to 18 cities to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1059.0,1064.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conduct more intensive surveillance in their pathology logs and their infectious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1064.0,1069.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disease logs in major hospitals to look for cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1069.0,1073.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you say a little more about the top priorities of the Task Force at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1073.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1080.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntime, surveillance or looking for cases, or the case definition? Can you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1080.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak a little more about those aspects?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1085.0,1088.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, the important thing about investigating a new unknown condition is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1088.0,1093.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a handle on what you're really investigating and to find out if it's new,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1093.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who gets it, and is it going up or down. These things can help lead you to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1099.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finding out what the cause is, because ultimately you want to find the cause and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1106.0,1112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then how to prevent the condition. But you have to get a handle first of all on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1112.0,1119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it is you're really studying. In order to do that it's important not to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1119.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too limited in your knowledge of where you think it's going when you don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1125.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it is. So we spent quite a bit of time, meaning days to weeks, making sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1131.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we had a handle on a very specific ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1138.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncase definition. We were aided with this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1142.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"definition because the conditions were so rare and so remarkable. Men with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1146.0,1152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma in its advanced phase or Pneumocystis pneumonia were often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1152.0,1158.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cachectic, were often like the sickest of cancer patients or disaster survivors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1158.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were very, very, very ill. Any doctor who saw one patient would remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1164.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. They would say, oh my God, this is remarkable. One of our EIS officers, Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1171.0,1179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Haverkos, saw one patient during his fellowship and said, I want to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1179.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work at CDC and figure out what is this and what causes it, because it was so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1186.0,1195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remarkable. Also, cases could be diagnosed by definitive means through open lung","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1195.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biopsy for Pneumocystis pneumonia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1201.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand through a skin biopsy or tumor biopsy with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1203.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma, or other definitive means for other fatal opportunistic infections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1207.0,1211.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We knew, as you did from your work, Dr. Miller, that this was the tip of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1211.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"iceberg. What we were measuring, because we wanted to be very specific, missed a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1218.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of other things that were lesser conditions that were less specific:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1224.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lymphadenopathy syndrome, thrombocytopenic purpura, other types of cancers all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1229.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurring in the same people. But we wanted to know who was getting this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1233.0,1239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syndrome, not what other nonspecific symptoms the people who were getting it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1239.0,1244.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also got. We had a very specific case definition and conducted active","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1244.0,1249.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surveillance using it, which allowed us to go backwards in reviewing records and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1249.0,1254.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go forward in determining whether this was increasing and whether it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1254.0,1259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affecting new populations. Perhaps the most important thing we did was establish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1259.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that case definition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1264.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMILLER: How was it that you knew this was the tip of the iceberg?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1265.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: We had many connections with doctors. I had a very good friend who was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1270.0,1276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physician caring for people in the gay community in New York. I spent 40 weeks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1276.0,1282.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in New York the first year, and I would have dinner with him once a week. He","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1282.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would tell me about his practice and I would tell him about CDC. He had formerly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1288.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been at the health department, and he would tell me about the kinds of patients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1294.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was seeing in his office and how he essentially had to open up on weekends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1300.0,1306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was so busy because he had all of a sudden this large number of gay men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1306.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to his office with a variety of conditions: sinusitis that couldn't be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1312.0,1317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treated, just a variety of things that were related to this diminished immune","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1317.0,1322.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system people had. We had that experience in talking with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1322.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nphysicians, so we knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1326.0,1328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there were other people with the syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1328.0,1331.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, what we hoped was that these other conditions, for example, oral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1331.0,1336.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thrush, implied that the spectrum was caused by a virus like hepatitis B, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1336.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would include short-term infection and natural immunity. We were enamored by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1342.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hepatitis B model. We thought that this looked like it was transmitted like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1347.0,1352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hepatitis B, and we hoped that the natural history would be like Hepatitis B:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1352.0,1358.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people would either have no symptoms or they would have minor symptoms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1358.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'd develop an antibody response to whatever it was and then we could come in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1363.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and develop a vaccine and end the epidemic. That's what we wanted to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1369.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Was that the thinking very early on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1375.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: That was hopeful thinking. Of course, in the absence of the true known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1378.0,1384.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause, it's impossible to know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1384.0,1386.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So for the case ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1386.0,1388.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndefinition you wanted to be inclusive but not too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1388.0,1392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inclusive. Can you recall some of the thinking on that? Did you include the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1392.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sinusitises and the thrush or did you only include the more--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1398.0,1402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: We wanted something to be very specific, and so we only included","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1402.0,1407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"culture- or biopsy-documented life-threatening opportunistic infections or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1407.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma in people under age 60. There were a few cases of Kaposi's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1410.0,1416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sarcoma in men over 60, a few hundred per year, reported in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1416.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't think that had anything to do with this, so we limited the definition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1422.0,1428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to people under age 60, and then we would investigate every case. Was this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1428.0,1434.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happening in women, for example?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1434.0,1436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other part of the case definition that was very important is that there had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1436.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be an absence of a known cause for immune suppression. So if somebody had an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1442.0,1448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underlying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1448.0,1448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncancer, if they had an immunodeficiency disease or they were taking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1448.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steroids for their asthma or something else, then they would be eliminated from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1454.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consideration. When the first two cases in women were reported after 150 cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1462.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in men, the cases turned out not to meet the case definition because the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1470.0,1478.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pneumocystis, for example, would be diagnosed before the cancer. Dr. Guinan and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1478.0,1485.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others would rush off to the city and investigate the case, obtain specimens, do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1485.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questionnaires, and then maybe it wouldn't turn out to be a case. But when the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1493.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first case in a woman was reported and the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1502.0,1508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncase was documented in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1508.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heterosexual man, they were extremely important clues. The woman, I believe, was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1510.0,1516.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the female partner of an injecting drug user, and there had been men who were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1516.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"injecting drug users reported. Again, this fit the Hepatitis B model of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1523.0,1529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission: blood-borne and also sexually transmitted in gay men and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1529.0,1534.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heterosexuals. This case definition was extremely important because it was so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1534.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specific, and the cases kept on increasing and being recognized in more areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1539.0,1545.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Following up on that, you did a case-control study during that first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1545.0,1551.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year. Can you say a little more about that? A case-control study is a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1551.0,1558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standard operating procedure at CDC. How did that go? Was it accumulating cases?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1558.0,1564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1564.0,1565.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncontrols? The thinking there was critical as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1565.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The case-control study was led by Doctors Harold Jaffe and Martha","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1568.0,1573.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rogers, and many of us participated in it. In terms of supervising it, Harold,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1573.0,1579.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who has been a very close colleague for many years, was in California while I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1579.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in New York, in order to assure there was a standardized way of conducting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1585.0,1591.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the study. Since most of the cases had been in gay men, we wanted to find out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1591.0,1598.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the gay men who had this disease differed from other gay men in their areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1598.0,1605.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't want to find out that they were all from New York or California. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1605.0,1612.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew that already. We didn't want to find out that they were a little bit older,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1612.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were average age 35. We knew that already. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1619.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe wanted to find out how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1623.0,1627.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were different from other gay men. So we matched them with controls by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1627.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city, by age, race, and sexual orientation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1636.0,1640.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where could we find controls? Well, much more than nowadays, the gay community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1640.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was closeted. Certainly we were decades away from gay marriage and decades away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1648.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the kinds of protections that we now have in many states and the federal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1656.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government to protect against disease. So we had to rely upon sources of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1665.0,1673.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available patients: STD clinics, private doctors' offices, and friends who were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1673.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not sex partners of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1680.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncontrols. We would match them by age, city of residence at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1683.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the onset of the patient's illness and of course, sexual orientation. We knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1689.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the patients who were controls were highly sexually active, more so than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1696.0,1703.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the average gay man in those cities, since they were going to STD clinics. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1703.0,1712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either suspected or had a sexually transmitted infection or they were going to a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1712.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor's office, often because of a sexually transmitted disease. We even knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1720.0,1727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but couldn't quite figure out whether some of these people who were controls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1727.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might've been in the iceberg. So we knew we were over-matching in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1734.0,1741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nvariety of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1741.0,1742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways. If we were to find a difference between the cases and the controls that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1742.0,1749.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was related to sexual behavior or possible exposures, then the study would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1749.0,1755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even more robust because you wouldn't expect it to be that way. Indeed when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1755.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doctors Jaffe and Rogers and their colleagues finished the study and all the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1761.0,1767.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analyses, they found out that almost all the variables that differentiated the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1767.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases from the controls were related to sexual activity, lifetime numbers of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1773.0,1779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partners, mean numbers of partners in the past year, partners from bathhouses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1779.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and serologic evidence or personal history of STDs. In retrospect, now we know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1785.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the gay men who were first infected with HIV and who first became ill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1791.0,1798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several years later had to have more chance of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1798.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nexposure, simply because the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1802.0,1805.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virus at that time was rare compared to now. So in a sense it was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1805.0,1815.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compatible with this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1815.0,1817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: To interrupt the flow a little bit, when do you think you realized that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1817.0,1827.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this epidemic was huge, was going to be something very big? Was it yet at this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1827.0,1837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early stage?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1837.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The difference between this and other epidemics CDC investigated was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1838.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the numbers of cases began slowly, kept increasing inexorably, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1845.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"condition seemed to be inevitably fatal. So we weren't talking about something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1853.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that lacked in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1861.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nseverity. We didn't know how large the iceberg was or how many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1863.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people were affected, but we knew that the people reported were progressively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1867.0,1871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting worse and dying, and it was unremitting. When there were ten cases and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1871.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then 20 cases and then 40 cases and then 80 cases, doubling every few months, we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1876.0,1882.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew that this doubling resulted in people who would die. We knew that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1882.0,1887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer they had it, the less likely they were to live. The average person would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1887.0,1893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live a year after they were diagnosed and reported. So we were dealing with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1893.0,1898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something very, very serious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1898.0,1899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we would estimate how many cases would occur in the future in the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1899.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year or two, and I can remember two things about the estimates I or others at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1905.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC would make in public or with the press. One is that we would say that this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1911.0,1917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is getting much, much worse. Second, I can remember also saying we're probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1917.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nunderestimating it. I would provide a large estimate and then a few months later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1922.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an even larger estimate. I was being questioned by the people in the Reagan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1929.0,1936.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administration, and they were saying, why are you alarming people by saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1936.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are probably hundreds of thousands of people who are affected? I'd always","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1942.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, I'm probably underestimating it. I didn't know if I was or not, but turned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1949.0,1957.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out I was underestimating, and we were all underestimating it. We could never","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1957.0,1964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have thought that this would affect a hundred million people in our lifetime and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1964.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"result in 40 or 50 million deaths.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1971.0,1975.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: We talked about the Reagan era in Washington and some of the funding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1975.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cutbacks. Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1982.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthink the funding issues in the early years affected CDC's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1984.0,1989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"response to AIDS?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1989.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I think that there were biologic and social factors which impeded our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1991.0,1998.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"response. The most important factor was the virus itself. We now can estimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=1998.0,2005.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when those first five cases of Pneumocystis were reported, there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2005.0,2011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"likely already 250,000 gay men infected with HIV, and there was no really good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2011.0,2018.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment until 1995. Almost all of those men have now died. So the biologic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2018.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nature of the virus itself and how hard it is to deal with was a major factor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2025.0,2034.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we still have no cure and no vaccine. So you always have to take \"could we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2034.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2043.0,2044.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbetter\" in the context of how terrible this virus is and how difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2044.0,2050.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is. Having said that, there's no question that this condition occurring in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2050.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay men in New York and California primarily to begin with--states that didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2056.0,2062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vote for Reagan--did not cause a major radar blip in the White House. In fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2062.0,2069.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Reagan said almost nothing at all about AIDS for many, many years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2069.0,2075.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite of course knowing people in Hollywood, knowing Rock Hudson, knowing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2075.0,2080.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people in the Joffrey Ballet (where his son was a dancer) who were dying of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2080.0,2087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS. So we know that there was not-so-benign neglect. I mean the band did play","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2087.0,2094.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, there's no question about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2094.0,2097.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What difference would it actually have made if the NIH [National Institutes of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2097.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health] could have done more? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2103.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCertainly there could have been stronger and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2105.0,2108.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier communication and sympathetic warnings from the President and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2108.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adminstration early on. I think certainly we could have used more research money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2112.0,2117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier, we could have used a lot more sympathy from the American public toward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2117.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gay community. I think if we'd had gay marriage in the 70s, it would've been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2123.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"helpful. I think that the political administration was part of where America was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2129.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. I wish the response had been better. I wish it had been much better for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2134.0,2140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"injecting drug use and needle exchange and other things that we didn't do, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2140.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the virus itself is formidable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2146.0,2148.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did you feel supported by CDC's leadership? I think initially it was Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2148.0,2154.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill Foege and then in 1983 Dr. Jim Mason. What was the relationship with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2154.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activity and CDC's leadership?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2160.0,2162.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Despite the financial constraints of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2162.0,2165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nReagan administration, we had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2165.0,2168.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple of very fortunate leaders. One was that Dr. Foege, who had been Director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2168.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of CDC under President Carter, because of his relationship with Senator Richard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2175.0,2181.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schweiker, who became the Secretary of HHS, was able to remain on as Director of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2181.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC. We were also fortunate that a very knowledgeable M.D., Ph.D.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2189.0,2195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biostatistician named Ed Brandt, who was a loyal Republican and an outstanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2195.0,2201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"academic and physician, became Assistant Secretary for Health. That position and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2201.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his relationship with Dr. Foege were very important in the public health and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2207.0,2214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical and scientific response to the epidemic, particularly in the absence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2214.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"additional resources. But there was a conscience and there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2220.0,2226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2226.0,2227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that level that Dr. Foege brought to Dr. Brandt that helped to counter any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2227.0,2235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"negative vibes that were going on in the Administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2235.0,2240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: When Dr. Mason came in, which was a little later, how did that fare?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2240.0,2248.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Dr. Mason had previously been Deputy Director of CDC. He was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2248.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outstanding public health figure and an M.D., Ph.D. who rose through the ranks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2255.0,2262.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at CDC very quickly. He left CDC to head the health services in the Mormon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2262.0,2270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Church and then become the State Health Commissioner in Utah. He was very close","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2270.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Senator Orrin Hatch and was appointed as Director of CDC by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2277.0,2284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Administration; he came with a deep knowledge of public ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2284.0,2289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhealth and a deep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2289.0,2291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge of how CDC works, and an extraordinary work ethic. So we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2291.0,2298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunate to have someone like him, despite his strong loyalty to a socially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2298.0,2305.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative Administration. He was then followed by Dr. Bill Roper who, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2305.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a political appointee and also was very deeply committed to the fundamentals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2311.0,2318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2318.0,2320.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You mentioned you spent a lot of time in New York City that first year:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2320.0,2328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"40 plus trips to New York. Dr. David Sencer, who was previously a CDC Director,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2328.0,2336.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was serving as the Commissioner of Health for New York City at that time. There","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2336.0,2344.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were EIS officers: Dr. Polly Thomas was there and Dr. Mary ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2344.0,2350.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nChamberland was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2350.0,2351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seconded there for quite a while. There were a lot of clinicians and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2351.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"academicians. The Gay Men's Health Crisis was established in 1982. Can you tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2357.0,2363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us about your work and experiences in New York that first year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2363.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I think we were fortunate for these leaders. The only unpleasant aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2368.0,2374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of traveling to New York so much the first year was that it coincided with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2374.0,2381.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"air traffic controllers' strike. It made traveling anywhere in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2381.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1981 very difficult. Two-hour trips turned into 12-hour trips. But we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2386.0,2392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very fortunate that Dave Sencer, who had been Director of CDC for many, many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2392.0,2398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years and a mentor to many of us, had just assumed the directorship of the New","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2398.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York City Health Department. He was an enormously talented ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2405.0,2409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nguy who loved public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2409.0,2411.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health and loved the CDC and loved relationships with the CDC, so he would try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2411.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to strengthen those relationships as much as he possibly could. He and I talked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2417.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the beginning about what the health department could do. At the time there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2423.0,2429.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a citywide infectious disease conference headed by Dr. Don Armstrong at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2429.0,2434.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memorial Sloan Kettering. He would gather infectious disease clinicians and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2434.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scientists every week or two to talk about emerging threats. I would go to those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2438.0,2444.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings. In talking with Dr. Sencer, we said perhaps the health department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2444.0,2449.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could have regular meetings on this new topic and be the center of focus. He","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2449.0,2455.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately instituted that, and the health department then got very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2455.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved with all the academic medical centers and all of the people. It was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2460.0,2466.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open meeting . The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2466.0,2468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npress could be there as well, and it was a chance to really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2468.0,2475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focus communications from the very beginning. So working with Dr. Sencer and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2475.0,2481.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also his staff in terms of the case-control studies and reporting was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2481.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delightful thing and a fortunate aspect. I think it's something that is a real","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2488.0,2495.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strength of the CDC and that is the relationships with state and local health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2495.0,2502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"departments. It really shows up when an epidemic occurs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2502.0,2507.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you tell us a little more about what was coming to light with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2507.0,2515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"academicians as the case numbers were going up and there were frequent meetings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2515.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the atmosphere among the clinicians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2522.0,2526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: When the epidemic first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2526.0,2529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\noccurred, it's hard for us to remember that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2529.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost all the cases were from California and New York. Doctors in 90% of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2533.0,2540.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"states had never seen a case nor heard of a case in their own community. There","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2540.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were only a handful of people who had any clinical experience with this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2547.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemic. And there was not any press coverage to speak of, except in the gay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2553.0,2560.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"press in New York and California. But there was a cadre of infectious disease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2560.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctors and sometimes oncologists or dermatologists who were seeing these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2566.0,2571.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patients, and they felt so passionately about them that they were calling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2571.0,2576.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attention to their colleagues through papers in the peer-reviewed literature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2576.0,2581.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were reporting at meetings, and so there was a buzz in that community. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2581.0,2588.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had one memorable occasion. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2588.0,2590.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere was a scientist here named Al Balows, a senior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2590.0,2597.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"microbiologist who was doing a planning session for emerging diseases at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2597.0,2606.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ICAAC meeting [Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2606.0,2612.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemotherapy], the infectious disease meetings in Chicago, and he asked me if I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2612.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would do a late-breaker on Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2621.0,2630.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"annual meeting at the Conrad Hilton in the grand ballroom. There were maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2630.0,2639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10,000 people at this meeting. So I went up there toward the end of '81, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2639.0,2650.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthinking, oh my God, this is just another group who doesn't care. First there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2650.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a Legionnaire's disease presentation, a Lyme disease presentation, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2657.0,2662.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatively new, and a Toxic Shock presentation. The ballroom was perhaps a third","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2662.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"filled, seating four or five thousand people, and it was now 9:30 at night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2668.0,2675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody was tired from the long day at the meeting, and there was a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2675.0,2682.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poster saying that I was going to be speaking last as a late-breaker. And the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2682.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ballroom started to fill up at ten o'clock and by the time I got up to present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2689.0,2697.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 40 cases, there were 5,000 people in the ballroom. I knew then that other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2697.0,2704.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people realized that there was a strong academic community recognizing the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2704.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"importance of this epidemic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2709.0,2711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMILLER: There was a more organized gay community in New York City than other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2711.0,2718.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"areas and, again, they formed the Gay Men's Health Crisis to begin to address","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2718.0,2725.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this in 1982. Can you say a little bit about your relationship with this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2725.0,2732.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community during that first or second year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2732.0,2735.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The first organization of the medical gay community I believe was in San","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2735.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francisco. It was the Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights. Drs. Bob Bolin and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2742.0,2749.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neil Shram and others eventually were in that group. They formed in the 1970s to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2749.0,2756.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deal with STDs and other health problems in gay men, including hepatitis; we'd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2756.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had some contact with them. There was a Los Angeles gay community center where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2762.0,2769.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first hearing was held with Representative Henry Waxman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2769.0,2773.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin 1982 in Los","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2773.0,2775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angeles. In New York City there was a very strong advocate named Larry Kramer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2775.0,2783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a colleague of his named Paul Popham, who was a publishing executive. Paul","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2783.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Larry formed the Gay Men's Health Crisis, the first NGO solely to deal with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2791.0,2799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this epidemic in the United States. Actually, it was a model for all the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2799.0,2807.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations in the United States, including AID Atlanta. So that was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2807.0,2813.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formation that really began to address that problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2813.0,2817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you describe some of what was going on in the gay community at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2817.0,2826.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time in terms of lifestyle, before and then during the early weeks and months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2826.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhere AIDS was becoming a reality: the bathhouses, the multiple partners? What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2834.0,2840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you encounter when you got there? Was that a surprise to you or had you seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2840.0,2849.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that through your hepatitis work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2849.0,2852.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: My introduction to CDC and to public health was in the area of STDs in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2852.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the decade of the 1970s. That was the decade of the so-called sexual revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2860.0,2867.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oral contraceptives were recently introduced to the market; antibiotics could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2867.0,2872.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cure gonorrhea. Chlamydia was not yet readily diagnosed, but there was a huge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2872.0,2879.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gonorrhea epidemic and a herpes epidemic among heterosexual populations, as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2879.0,2885.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as gay populations. Following Stonewall in 1969, the gay community joined the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2885.0,2891.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sexual revolution en masse, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2891.0,2893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand there were hundreds of gay men at STD clinics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2893.0,2897.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every day in San Francisco and New York City [seeking treatment] for gonorrhea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2897.0,2903.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and syphilis and amebiasis, and then Hepatitis B of course followed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2903.0,2908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was a sexual revolution in the United States, and the gay community was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2908.0,2915.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right there with very, very high rates of STDs. We were aware of that, and we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2915.0,2922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were doing studies and trying to have programs to deal with it. The way syphilis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2922.0,2929.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been dealt with in heterosexual communities wasn't working very well in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2929.0,2935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay community. It was much more educationally and economically diverse and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2935.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closeted. So CDC was aware of these things, and therefore it wasn't a total","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2940.0,2946.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surprise. We had a lot of work going on in New York City in a lot of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2946.0,2954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"control areas. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2954.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMILLER: And can you discuss a little bit about the controversy that went on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2955.0,2963.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the urgent public health mandate of closing the bathhouses, changing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2963.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behavior, and the other side, which had just felt liberated. Did you experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2970.0,2978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of that in New York with Larry Kramer and others?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2978.0,2985.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: It's hard to categorize public health approaches to deal with problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2985.0,2992.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of disadvantaged populations, and the gay community was clearly a disadvantaged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2992.0,2999.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population in terms of popular respect at the time. People were discriminated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=2999.0,3006.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against based on sexual orientation. In general, people with STDs were shunned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3006.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3013.0,3015.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nshame, and then, of course, HIV scared people. If you want to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3015.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work effectively with populations, it's a balance always between what is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3020.0,3025.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intellectually most important approach and what is the approach which will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3025.0,3029.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engage the community to participate. For example, you can have rules, but if no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3029.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one follows the rules, then they're simply on the shelf. It always made sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3035.0,3041.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once the virus was discovered, that people should know their status and that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3041.0,3046.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people should avoid transmitting to others. But it was equally important for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3046.0,3051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were infected with this fatal condition to have access to medical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3051.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care. So you had both issues to deal with in the people who were tested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3056.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always used to use the example of mammography. What if you had a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3062.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you said everybody should get a mammogram, but we don't have the resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3068.0,3074.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to treat anybody who is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3074.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npositive. How would you ever get anybody to do it? HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3076.0,3081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the same way. We had to have connections with the healthcare system. We had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3081.0,3087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure that people weren't discriminated against if they tested positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3087.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had to work with the concerns of the community. But we did have the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3092.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underlying principle that people need to know their status. That was very, very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3098.0,3104.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before the virus was discovered, we made recommendations that people should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3104.0,3109.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"avoid having multiple sexual partners and should use condoms. We knew that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3109.0,3115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sexual revolution and sexual freedom and liberation were leading to the kinds of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3115.0,3121.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excesses which were contributing to this epidemic. We also had to have the gay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3121.0,3127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community working with us. The first proposal to close the bathhouses came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3127.0,3132.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually from a gay physician in San Francisco working ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3132.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith then Mayor Feinstein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3136.0,3138.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with Health Commissioner Merv Silverman. I was asked to come out and consult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3138.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this problem. I couldn't, as a federal official, make a pronouncement in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3146.0,3154.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state and local matter. But I went to consult in a late-night meeting at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3154.0,3163.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health department, at the request of the mayor and the health commissioner. As I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3163.0,3171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got off my plane about 8:00 pm in San Francisco, I was met there by Randy Shilts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3171.0,3181.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the San Francisco Chronicle, who said are you here for the secret meeting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3181.0,3189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the press was engaged to begin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3189.0,3193.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith in this deliberation about closing the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3193.0,3196.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bathhouses in San Francisco.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3196.0,3198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you mention a little about the bathhouses. Were they baths, were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3198.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they rooms for sex? What were the bathhouses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3204.0,3208.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I think that like massage parlors nowadays or like bathhouses, some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3208.0,3213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people use them to get a massage, some people use them for sex, and they have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3213.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great deal of variation. The bathhouses in the 70s were quite elaborate, some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3221.0,3227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, and many people could go and meet private partners and go into a private","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3227.0,3234.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room and do whatever they wanted to. They got to be very popular with many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3234.0,3241.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people in the gay community and some in the straight community. But if you have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3241.0,3248.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new epidemic of a new infection that's unknown, that's the perfect kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3248.0,3254.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nenvironment to facilitate behaviors involved in transmission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3254.0,3258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So what happened at the meeting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3258.0,3262.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Some of the people who were originally encouraging this measure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3262.0,3268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including Dr. Marcus Conant, didn't show up. So the consensus was shredding a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3268.0,3275.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit. It was difficult for Dr. Silverman and Mayor Feinstein to be as definitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3275.0,3282.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they wanted to without losing some of the political base for the decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3282.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But ultimately they did place restrictions on the bathhouses in San Francisco.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3289.0,3295.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3295.0,3298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I believe the same thing was done in New York. I'm less familiar with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3298.0,3306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how that actually occurred. There were a lot of controversial issues that dealt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3306.0,3313.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the ability to protect the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3313.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nprivacy concerns and health concerns of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3316.0,3319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with HIV or at risk and also the public health concerns. A lot of times if you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3319.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could get them to align, it would work a lot better. Now that we have good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3326.0,3333.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therapy for HIV it's a lot easier to convince people that testing is extremely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3333.0,3339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important, particularly if you can link people up to care.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3339.0,3343.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: In those early years there must have been a lot of morality discussions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3343.0,3349.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, these people are getting what they deserve, the moral thing to do is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3349.0,3356.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reduce the number of partners. Do you remember that issue and how you dealt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3356.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with it? What was your thinking on it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3363.0,3367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: In the first 6-12 months of the epidemic, virtually nobody seemed to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3367.0,3373.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care about it. That meant that nobody was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3373.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nopposed to it, nobody was offended by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3377.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, and nobody was excited about it, and no one was funding it. When it became","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3380.0,3388.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clear that it was in the blood supply and that it was actually caused by a virus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3388.0,3396.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that many, many more people might have it, that changed the dynamic. First","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3396.0,3403.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all, it became much more of a news item, and that attracted all types of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3403.0,3411.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, including the press and including politicians, and also there was panic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3411.0,3417.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We used to say that we had a barometer at CDC from panic to neglect and from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3417.0,3425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fear to complacency, and that we had to monitor that barometer. When there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3425.0,3432.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excessive fear and panic, everybody would want to stop going to restaurants with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3432.0,3438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3438.0,3438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwaiters, or they wouldn't let their kids come home, or they would have just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3438.0,3443.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horrible kinds of discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3443.0,3445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, people would say, this isn't a problem at all, it's not me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3445.0,3451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have to worry about it, and complacency would reign. When AIDS got to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3451.0,3457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be recognized as a serious public health problem, people started to worry about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3457.0,3462.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it and then there was funding for it, then many state and local legislators got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3462.0,3468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the act. We had sometimes some of the negative aspects of our federalism in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3468.0,3474.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there were 600 to 700 bills and legislaions that were rather punitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3474.0,3479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toward AIDS at a given time. And we were going around sometimes trying to stamp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3479.0,3485.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out forest fires with our public health colleagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3485.0,3488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: As evidenced today, you've always been a great speaker and communicator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3488.0,3493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A critical role you took on early on was interacting with the press about AIDS,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3493.0,3499.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both print and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3499.0,3500.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntelevised. Can you tell us a little bit about what that was like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3500.0,3506.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for you? You were catapulted into a very highly visible, high-pressure role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3506.0,3511.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was that like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3511.0,3513.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: I was fortunate to be able to be involved in the public communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3513.0,3519.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aspect. From the beginning we knew that it was very important to get public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3519.0,3525.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support and that people needed to learn about this, but there was a general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3525.0,3531.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reluctance on the part of the press. Randy Shilts claims he was the only openly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3531.0,3538.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gay reporter at a major newspaper in the United States in 1981. Outside of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3538.0,3544.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California and New York, there was almost no coverage in any kind of local","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3544.0,3550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"media. So we relished the idea of doing this and doing it right, with the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3550.0,3557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we needed to call people's attention ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3557.0,3560.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nto the problem without scaring them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3560.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a difficult thing to manage. How can you be accurate and honest without","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3563.0,3569.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being overly alarming? You want to be a voice of reason, not simply a loud","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3569.0,3576.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voice. And that was something all of us who were involved struggled with. As","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3576.0,3582.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"press articles became more common, we found ourselves sometimes reacting to what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3582.0,3587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other people were saying about this, and that's a different type of tactic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3587.0,3593.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we were fortunate that people often looked to the CDC to find out what was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3593.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on with this epidemic and many others, and this was a very important news","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3600.0,3607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"item for five years at CDC. Virtually every day there was something. We had Don","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3607.0,3614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berreth as the head of communications at CDC at the time, and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3614.0,3620.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas excellent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3620.0,3621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We could always get advice from him on what to do and what not to do. But it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3621.0,3629.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an honor to do this. We were so starved for attention to this problem initially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3629.0,3636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I can remember the first chance for national TV was \"Good Morning America.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3636.0,3642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Gifford was substituting for the host, and he had a friend who had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3642.0,3648.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pneumonia in the hospital in Los Angeles and he asked to have somebody come and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3648.0,3655.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk about this. So though the CDC had no money for travel, and we couldn't take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3655.0,3662.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ABC's money, we said this is so important that Jim Curran will fly to New York","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3662.0,3669.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be on the show for 15 minutes. I got there and met Frank Gifford.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3669.0,3676.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately and unfortunately, that was the day that the Iranian hostages ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3676.0,3681.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3681.0,3681.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rescued, so the 15 minutes turned into three minutes. But Frank Gifford had more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3681.0,3687.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personal time with me. I spent a lot of time talking with him and he threw away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3687.0,3694.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of his questions and his only question to me at ABC was how come nobody's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3694.0,3701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paying any attention to this? That allowed me to go on for a minute and a half","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3701.0,3708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a soliloquy. That's how he and others realized that this problem was actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3708.0,3714.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much worse than recognized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3714.0,3716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What do you think the impact of the press was overall during maybe the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3716.0,3722.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first two years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3722.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, the press I think would probably get a D for the first year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3723.0,3729.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of lack of coverage, and then they got to be much, much better. There","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3729.0,3735.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were a lot of very good examples of in-depth coverage in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3735.0,3740.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nprint media, as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3740.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well as on TV and others. Many people who are chronicled who've been very good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3741.0,3748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this got to be experts. There should be experts in public health and health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3748.0,3755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the newspapers and press like there are with the state department and defense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3755.0,3762.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issues. We should have reporters who are knowledgeable enough not to ask the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3762.0,3768.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dumb question that comes from the false report. We saw that really picking up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3768.0,3775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a bit in the ensuing years from say '83 on, so I think that the press did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3775.0,3783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a good job overall after the first couple of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3783.0,3788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: A critical role for CDC during these early years and continuing was to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3788.0,3795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liaise with the other federal agencies, including the National Institutes of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3795.0,3800.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHealth, which included the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3800.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as well as the Food and Drug Administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3805.0,3811.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ADAMHA, which was then the Alcohol Drug Abuse and Mental Health Agency. Can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3811.0,3818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you describe a bit about the relationship between the agencies during those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3818.0,3824.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3824.0,3825.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Well, our first contact at CDC was with the NIH, in particular the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3825.0,3832.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Cancer Institute [NCI]. That came across, I think, serendipitously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3832.0,3837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there was a dermatologist named Alvin Friedman-Kien in New York City,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3837.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had been a fellow at NCI in the Virus Cancer Program. He became aware of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3843.0,3851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaposi's sarcoma and called his friends at NCI. They had had a program in Uganda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3851.0,3858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studying Kaposi's sarcoma and other problems ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3858.0,3861.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin-country, and they had a very big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3861.0,3864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest in viruses and cancer. So we were in contact with the National Cancer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3864.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Institute very, very early, the first of the NIH agencies. One of my chief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3870.0,3876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"residents in medical school turned out to be the project officer there at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3876.0,3882.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, and we initially set up a small scientific meeting, paid for by NCI, of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3882.0,3889.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested people from California and New York and CDC and NIH. That meeting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3889.0,3895.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stimulated the NCI in its interest in this problem. The National Institute of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3895.0,3901.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allergy and Infectious Disease [NIAID} initially had relatively little interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3901.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the problem. Their director was not particularly interested in it at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3905.0,3911.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Dr. [Anthony] Fauci was then an intramural scientist in the labs, and it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3911.0,3917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was really when he got interested several months later that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3917.0,3922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbecame a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3922.0,3924.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important player and remained a very important player in the AIDS epidemic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3924.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NIAID played a very strong leadership role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3930.0,3934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What about the FDA, and, maybe before we move towards conclusion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3934.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mention all the issues around blood and blood products as a means of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3940.0,3947.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmitting HIV. So the first hemophiliac cases and then a transfusion case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3947.0,3953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were reported in 1982. Then in January of 1983, one of the early meetings to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3953.0,3961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discuss these cases at CDC in Atlanta, the FDA and the blood banks were there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3961.0,3969.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think to the surprise of CDC, there was not agreement on how to manage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3969.0,3978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this in terms of restricting blood donations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3978.0,3982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCan you comment a little on that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3982.0,3985.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the extent of the impact and the relationship with FDA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3985.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: One of the strengths of the federal government is that we have a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3990.0,3997.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depth in many areas in many agencies in health and human services. That can also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=3997.0,4003.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lead to territories that are independent. The Assistant Secretary for Health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4003.0,4008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Brandt, and then eventually Surgeon General Koop would have weekly meetings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4008.0,4013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on AIDS, which would include all of the agencies in the Public Health Service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4013.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Assistant Secretary's office, to communicate and coordinate and deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4019.0,4024.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what was going on with AIDS. But there was clear territory set aside. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4024.0,4030.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think the CDC and NIH had a different definition of their role. NIH was clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4030.0,4036.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a research definition; the CDC was tracking the disease and prevention. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4036.0,4041.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nshared commonalities, but there wasn't always a clear delineation. ADAMHA had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4041.0,4046.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsibility for drug use control, and the FDA had responsibility for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4046.0,4051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood supply in blood banks. I think that it was more difficult to coordinate in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4051.0,4057.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those areas in ways that weren't as productive initially as they could have been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4057.0,4063.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My biggest regret still is that we were so slow in dealing with the epidemic in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4063.0,4070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"injecting drug users. I think we could have done much more years and years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4070.0,4076.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier, even after the virus was discovered, to reduce the amount of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4076.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission in drug users, particularly through needle exchange and expanded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4081.0,4085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drug treatment programs for people who are positive. If CDC had been in charge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4085.0,4091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all that, I think we might have fought harder. Maybe not successfully, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4091.0,4097.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know. But with the pattern of AIDS occurring ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4097.0,4101.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin sexually active gay men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4101.0,4103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"injecting drug users and their partners, it was expected that the infection was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4103.0,4109.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the blood and therefore would be in the blood supply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4109.0,4114.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Initially we would have these case reports that had no known risk, called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4114.0,4120.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Identified Risk. As many as 4% or 5% of cases reported to CDC would have no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4120.0,4127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"risk, but about 30% of that group would be different from the others. The others","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4127.0,4134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked like the people with risks, and maybe the risksweren't identified. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4134.0,4139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30% were often elderly men who'd had cardiovascular surgery, and all had had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4139.0,4145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dozens or more of blood transfusions. So we thought, well, this really looks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4145.0,4151.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a transfusable disease just like in injecting drug users, just like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4151.0,4156.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hepatitis B. We initially had difficulty getting the National ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4156.0,4160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHeart, Lung and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4160.0,4163.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blood Institute and FDA and the Blood Products Advisory Committee interested in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4163.0,4176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. We couldn't investigate these initial cases due to blood bank resistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4176.0,4189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't until there were three cases reported in people with hemophilia who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4189.0,4203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"automatically had received transfusions from hundreds of thousands of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4203.0,4214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(the perfect canary in the coal mine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4214.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfor a new blood-borne infection) that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4221.0,4224.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood-borne transmission was convincing. Once those three cases of AIDS in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4224.0,4229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persons with hemophilia were well documented by CDC's Dr. Dale Lawrence, then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4229.0,4234.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody recognized the causative agent of AIDS was likely a virus and in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4234.0,4240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood supply. I can remember a case associated with transfusion investigated by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4240.0,4245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your husband, Dr. Steve Solomon, who wasn't so sure he believed this himself. He","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4245.0,4251.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found himself in the middle of the South in a rural area with a blood donor he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4251.0,4259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally tracked down who had lymphadenopathy syndrome and immunologic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4259.0,4263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abnormalities, and he thought, oh my God, this is really true. They were right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4263.0,4269.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that once it was shown to be true, that transmission by blood was possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4269.0,4276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was panic. People were afraid to give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4276.0,4280.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nblood. Blood donations went down. Of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4280.0,4283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, there was no risk to donating, and it resulted in more shunning of gay men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4283.0,4291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So that was in '82, and then in January of '83 there was a meeting to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4291.0,4299.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try and come to some agreement on what recommendations should be given, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4299.0,4306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surprise--or was it a surprise?--was the blood banks were not ready to make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4306.0,4312.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong statements against donation of blood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4312.0,4315.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: The first cases of person with hemophilia were in the middle of 1982,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4315.0,4322.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's when we adopted a recommendation accepted by the medical community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4322.0,4328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we start to use the term AIDS instead of Kaposi's sarcoma or opportunistic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4328.0,4335.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infections. In a meeting in Washington we asked a physician to recommend ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4335.0,4341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4341.0,4342.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a meeting chaired by Dr. Koplan. He raised his hand--we knew he was going to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4342.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this because we planted it--we named this AIDS. We thought it was much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4350.0,4357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"descriptive, and also frankly we did really want an acronym that we could use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4357.0,4364.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be memorable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4364.0,4366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We started to investigate the transfusion cases. We wanted to call together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4366.0,4372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people to come up with consensus recommendations which we would make by March of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4372.0,4379.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1983. Our first big public meeting was in January of '83 here at CDC, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4379.0,4386.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"included the blood banks and many people from the gay community and scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4386.0,4392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others. At that time the blood banking representatives still remained rather","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4392.0,4398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intransigent about making any types of recommendations. The gay community, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4398.0,4403.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nconversely, unlike the movie [And The Band Played On] presents them, was already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4403.0,4408.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on board, and the major gay organizations were going along with the restriction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4408.0,4413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of blood donations. The recommendations made in March of '83 contained the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4413.0,4418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"endorsement from the American Red Cross and the American Association of Blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4418.0,4423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banks, as well as all the Public Health Service and World Health Organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4423.0,4428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others. Those blood donor restrictions did a great deal to protect the blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4428.0,4434.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supply and saved thousands of lives, two years before the antibody test for HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4434.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4440.0,4441.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And those recommendations basically asked for voluntary restriction of donors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4441.0,4446.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Yes. But then the FDA codified that into questionnaires for all donors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4446.0,4451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming into blood banks. So the FDA gave guidance to blood banks to query people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4451.0,4457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about sexual contacts and about injecting drug use, et cetera. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4457.0,4461.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMILLER: In coming to the close, I'd like to ask you about leadership. You are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4461.0,4468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clearly seen by your peers then and today as really a great leader in this area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4468.0,4476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for CDC and for Emory University and for the world. Can you comment about what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4476.0,4483.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you think it takes to be a leader, and what maybe the challenges were for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4483.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN:I think one of the actual and important aspects of the CDC is that there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4491.0,4498.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a widespread recognition of the importance of group effort. We can't respond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4498.0,4504.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an epidemic of AIDS or Zika virus or Ebola or anything else if we just say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4504.0,4512.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor so-and-so gets all the credit and is in charge. There has to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4512.0,4519.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\norganization, there has to be recognition of strengths, there has to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4519.0,4524.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transparency. There has to be a way to articulate the vision and encourage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4524.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people to work hard together to meet the goals. Anybody fortunate enough to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4530.0,4536.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a leadership position has to be willing to do it and has to be willing to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4536.0,4543.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recruit and enlist the others to be involved and to share the credit as well as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4543.0,4550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the blame for what goes on. I was fortunate to be asked to do this. I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4550.0,4557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunate to be involved in leadership at CDC for 15 years with this epidemic. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4557.0,4563.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learned how wonderful the people were at CDC to work with and how important it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4563.0,4569.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to work with both the community of scientists and advocates and affected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4569.0,4575.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people to deal with the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4575.0,4578.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4578.0,4578.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4578.0,4602.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761/transcript/69305/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CURRAN: Good talking with you, Bess. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133977/file/248761#t=4602.0,4638.0"}]}]}]}