{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sj19k47m1z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Becknell, Steven"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["CDC Museum Oral History Collection: Guinea Worm"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSteven \"Steve\" Becknell describes his work on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program as a field technical assistant in northern Ghana and then a resident technical assistant in Southern Sudan with The Carter Center. Interviewed by Nancy Hilyer.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights, and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum. Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from the David J. Sencer CDC Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-06-17 (Created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Oral History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Steven Becknell (Interviewee)","Nancy Hilyer (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["CDC Museum Oral History Collection: Guinea Worm (is part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSteven \"Steve\" Becknell describes his work on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program as a field technical assistant in northern Ghana and then a resident technical assistant in Southern Sudan with The Carter Center. Interviewed by Nancy Hilyer.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights, and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum. Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from the David J. Sencer CDC Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/499/small/20100617_Becknell__Steven_HEADSHOT_CROP_3.2.jpg?1732749398","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 20100617_Becknell_Steve.mp3"]},"duration":4534.02129,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/499/small/20100617_Becknell__Steven_HEADSHOT_CROP_3.2.jpg?1732749398","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/499/original/20100617_Becknell_Steve.mp3?1722788325","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4534.02129,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Becknell, Steven Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e This is an interview with Stephen [Steve] Becknell, MPH formerly a field technical assistant in the——in northern Ghana and then resident technical assistant in southern Sudan. This interview is being conducted in Atlanta [Georgia] on Thursday, June 17, 2010. The interviewer is Nancy Hilyer. To begin with, I want to thank you on behalf of Doctor David J. Sencer who initiated this project to document oral histories from persons who have been instrumental in eradicating Guinea worm from the world. You are one of those persons. Will you please state your full name and state for the record that you know this interview is being recorded Steve?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3.84,47.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Steven Becknell and I know that this interview is being recorded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=47.29,52.56"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And will you state for the record your contact information like a telephone number or email that you have right now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=52.56,60.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e My phone number is 404-520-8974 and my email address is s_vecnell, v-e-c-k-n-e-l-l, @yahoo.com.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=60.72,75.568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Great. Okay, to begin with, can you tell us something about your early life, where you were born, what size family you grew up in, your early childhood years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=75.568,87.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in Landstuhl, Germany. My father was in the US military stationed there at the time. We moved to Columbus, Ohio when I was two, and I lived in Columbus, Ohio and grew up there. I have a brother and a sister. My parents are still alive there in Columbus, Ohio now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=87.9,108.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what sort of childhood did you have there? From two until elementary school, what was life like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=108.85,115.506"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Pretty normal suburban kid lifestyle. I mean, you know, played soccer and played outside a lot, and I liked to read books. I started going to private all boys school in fourth grade, and then it went co-ed in ninth grade, and I finished there. So, from fourth grade and through high school, I went to a private school. From kindergarten through third grade I went to a public school, and then I got a scholarship to study at Emory University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=115.506,152.44"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What subjects in high school? Were——any particular direction or just general liberal arts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=152.44,158.794"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I liked, I mean, the courses I enjoyed were more history and writing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=158.794,167.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Liberal arts as opposed to the sciences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=167.65,170.058"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I could say that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=170.058,175.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. Okay, formal education: straight to Emory out of high school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=175.41,179.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I had a scholarship to study at Emory University, and then I finished undergrad and studied political science and philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=179.01,189.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In undergrad was political science and philosophy? Okay. And then for grad, you went to——didn't you go to the School of Public Health?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=189.42,200.772"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, after undergrad I went directly to the School of Public Health. Before that, though, I spent a semester studying abroad in Kenya, at which time I had an internship with Care International with the Child Survival Program that they had in western Kenya. And that was a very instructive experience for me. And I had already applied to the School of Public Health. And so, this kind of confirmed that I wanted to be involved in global health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=200.772,232.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In global health——now, what took you to Kenya? I mean, how did you——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=232.4,235.248"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I had two credit hours left, and I had basically an opportunity to go to Kenya for free, because of the scholarship. So, I figured better make use of it in Kenya than to waste my time——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=235.248,244.616"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And you were there for one year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=244.616,245.696"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——with two credit hours in college. Just one semester, six months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=245.696,250.024"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Six months in Kenya, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=250.024,252.75"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=252.75,252.76"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so that sort of confirmed that. Now, you graduate from Emory, graduate from the School of Public Health, directly into The Carter Center? Or CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]——what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=252.76,263.43541"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Pretty much. You know, I was in the master's Internationalist Program at the School of Public Health, which is——basically requires a commitment into Peace Corps directly afterwards. In 2001, I slipped a disc in my back, and I was not able to join Peace Corps, and they wouldn't let me, for medical reasons, take my assignment——which was to be in Mauritania. So, there was a period of about, let's see here, May, June, July, about three months where I was unemployed, I was still trying to rehabilitate my back, and get to more of a stable condition with that, and then, while applying for jobs and then this came up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=263.43541,311.602"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So that you could——and you went with your slipped disc to the field?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=311.602,313.874"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=313.874,315.898"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, The Carter Center is not as——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=315.898,317.594"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e If Peace Corps wouldn't take me to The Carter Center. Would. Yeah, go figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=317.594,322.59"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But so, you did get hired by The Carter Center at that point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=322.59,326.07"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=326.07,326.454"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Your back was in better shape? Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=326.454,328.022"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. I mean, somewhat in better shape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=328.022,329.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. So what was your first assignment with The Carter Center with, your slipped disc?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=329.71,335.134"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked in northern Ghana in a district called Nanumba starting in August 2002. And, yeah, I was a technical advisor, a technical assistant to the program there, working with the district health services and the team out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=335.134,358.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You were working out of Tamale [Ghana]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=358.6,360.464"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, out of a town called Bimbilla [Ghana].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=360.464,362.464"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Out of Bimbilla.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=362.464,364.19491"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=364.19491,364.84881"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And what were the circumstances there? What were the Guinea worm cases? What was your living circumstance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=364.84881,370.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Nanumba District, as I recall, was the most endemic district in the country in 2002. It was like, first or second, they were always competing with East Gonja [Ghana]. So, there were a lot of cases. We knew pretty much where transmission was happening. We had some surprises going into the next transmission season. But I think the situation that I found was that, basically, there were no full-time workers in the program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=370.08,399.53797"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Steve——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=399.53797,399.94017"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Everyone was tasked with other roles and responsibilities. So, I think, like, the first step that we took, as I recall, was really to just sort of verticalize the program and have full-time field workers engaged who could dedicate themselves and have functional motorcycles and them being paid an adequate salary. And we worked through all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=399.94017,423.268"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your first year in Ghana, your first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=423.268,427.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e 2002. August 2002 was when I started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=427.84,432.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was when you were first there. Okay. And you're living——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=432.92,436.7344"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Right when Elvin [Hilyer] was there too. I mean, Elvin was the regional technical advisor at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=436.7344,444.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought it was earlier than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=444.84,446.90545"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=446.90545,448.88697"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Definitely 2002?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=448.88697,450.86848"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e We came in right, like maybe a week after he arrived. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=450.86848,452.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so you were living in Bimbilla? Were you living in Bimbilla?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=452.85,456.9632"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=456.9632,457.24005"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. And what was your living circumstance there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=457.24005,459.178"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was interesting. There were like these guest quarters sort of on the outskirts of town. I stayed out there. My driver had a room, and I had a room, and we just crashed out there. Yeah, we, you know, there wasn't any electricity or anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=459.178,479.82"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Clean water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=479.82,481.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a well, boreholes nearby. We'd have to fetch water in jerry cans and bring in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=481.62,491.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was basically just you and the driver?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=491.34,493.732"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, because there were only two rooms in the whole facility, so, yeah, just me and the driver.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=493.732,500.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. And you had no residence in Tamale at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=500.46,503.972"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=503.972,504.622"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, just in Bimbilla. Okay. How long were you resident there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=504.622,509.43"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e For about a year, and then I transferred over to be——I still worked in Bimbilla and the Nanumba District a little bit, but then I transferred over to another district called Nkwanta, which then became the most endemic district in 2003. So basically, you know, these districts become——one becoming more endemic than another, a lot of it, I think, is a function of poor surveillance to begin with, and, you know, not really knowing what the full burden of disease was in the country. And as, you know, we——there was a group of us that came out in 2002 full-time working as a resident as technical advisors to the program, whereas before the technical advisors were only part-time, they were only there during the transmission season. So, you know, getting continuity and getting probably the full picture of the disease profile in Ghana was a little bit difficult——in the circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=509.43,556.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Who were the people with you, the grouping?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=556.49,557.89"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Of the expatriate technical advisors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=557.89,559.80385"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yes, yes——the expatriates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=559.80385,560.68103"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Because I worked with a very good national technical assistant named Robert Agoe in Nanumba [District] as well, we went out there as a team.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=560.68103,570.33"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You want to spell his last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=570.33,571.986"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e A-g-o-e.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=571.986,573.37568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e A-g-o-e.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=573.37568,573.38568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, Robert. He's still with the program in Ghana, I believe. He's one of the senior advisors to the program. But the other expatriate consultants at the time were another guy named Jim Albertson, and a lady named Adrienne Siebert. And I'm trying to think if there was anyone else out there at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=573.38568,598.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, were you living together or were you living in the same area? Were you in different areas?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=598.58,602.724"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Different areas, different districts. We saw each other maybe once a month for a meeting. Sometimes we'd pass on road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=602.724,612.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But it was good coordination among you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=612.34,614.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, because there's no way to communicate. The phone system——there's only one phone in the entire district, and that was at a calling center and sometimes it didn't work. But I had decent communication with Elvin back in Tamale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=614.78,630.484"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And they did, too, I would assume.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=630.484,632.668"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, because he had a phone at his hotel room and also, he had a phone in the office in Tamale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=632.668,639.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So that was the coordination?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=639.38,641.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah. Back to center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=641.66,645.38"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In Tamale?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=645.38,647.03333"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And with Nwando Diallo, who is the resident——the resident advisor in——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=647.03333,654.74889"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In Accra [Ghana]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=654.74889,655.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e In Accra yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=655.29,655.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, what was the situation when you first arrived in Ghana? Did you have any sense of the numbers? Of Guinea worm——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=655.3,666.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I mean, they gave us a bunch of line lists from the previous consultants. I mean, Ghana had its reported figures. My sense of things, after, just having visited a few communities, was that cases were being missed and not all villages were under surveillance that needed to be. So, I, I felt there was underreporting. And sure enough, there was, I mean as we saw in the next transmission season, surveillance just wasn't active. I mean, it was good for a control program. But I think we, you know, over the course of those years, we really tried to make an effort to kick it into high gear. And even then, there were gaps because we didn't have enough people or enough of the full picture. So, whenever you have those gaps, you have surprises and Guinea worms are rather unforgiving that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=666.14,714.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=714.01,714.522"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e So, we had an idea of the extent, but certainly not the full extent, because we discovered a very big, I don't——hesitate to say it's an outbreak, because I think the cases were there the ——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=714.522,729.229"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You're talking about Volta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=729.229,730.59709"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——the year before. In the Volta Region, in the Nkwanta District, yeah. We discovered that and in——we mobilized a mass case search over the course of three days before the annual review meeting in March 2003. And we just took motorcycles around and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=730.59709,743.936"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, by March 2003, I'm going to get back to the Volta question, because I know that you actually came up with that, someone came into the district and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=743.936,755.39422"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we kept——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=755.39422,758.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e ——and someone came to your containment center? Is that right containment center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=758.16,760.7472"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e We kept getting cases coming to the case containment center, and people would tell us, well, come visit our village. And we said, well, you know, we're in——it's not even the same region, let alone the same district. And protocol in Ghana was pretty thick at the time. And certainly, we had our hands full, as it was in our own district. And we kept notifying the Volta authorities and telling them, you guys need to come investigate. You need to do something——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=760.7472,778.642"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did we——did Carter Center have anybody in Volta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=778.642,781.234"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, no. There was a——but the Ministry of Health [MOH] did, the Ghana Health Services had a coordinator. And, you know, for whatever reason, the Volta Regional Health Services and then Nkwanta District Health Services, despite our repeated efforts to notify them by phone, refused to visit those communities. So, we kept getting cases coming to the case containment center. So, we figured, well, we're just going to go visit a few villages. So, a guy named Joe Lahr, who is one of the regional——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=781.234,814.45963"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Local, regional?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=814.45963,815.59596"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, he was a Ghanaian who worked for Ghana Health Services in Northern Region. He came out with me because there were a lot of——we suspected that there was going to be a lot of severe infections, and there were. And so, we just spent days in just two villages along the border with Nanumba District, just looking for cases, managing them, treating the water, and giving out filters. But then we just realized that there's a much bigger problem than just these two villages. So that's when I basically just took everyone from my district, and we moved with our tents and mosquito nets and set up shop in Nkwanta District for three days and covered all the villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=815.59596,860.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e With education and filters? That what you're talking about by covering all the villages?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=860.67,863.006"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Covering case search, we identified where all the villages were, we drew maps of the district, and we just got a quick snapshot. We didn't even have enough case management materials, and we would have needed, like, probably several trucks. We didn't have the filters in the country [Ghana], even, to supply in Nkwanta District, but we did the best we could to determine what was the extent of the problem. We figured the water had already been contaminated, given that it was March and transmission season begins in November, and that we were going to see a lot of cases in 2003, transmission season going into 2004. So, the idea was, you know, let's at least figure out the denominator of villages that need to be captured under active surveillance and zone the district properly, and we'll hire and train people, and get village-based surveillance up and running. So that was, that was the intent of that——those three days was just to determine the extent of the problem, mobilize resources at the national level——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=863.006,922.99381"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Do something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=922.99381,923.65157"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Bring attention to the problems in Volta Region. And Volta Region was claiming that they broke transmission. So, you know, they're reporting zeros at their meetings, but on the other hand, they have the most cases in the entire country [Ghana]. So, you know, and there was some anxiety and folks bent out of shape by that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=923.65157,941.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Some folks, you're talking about local folks? You're talking about the health department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=941.74,945.308"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Certainly. I think there are people in The Carter Center disappointed by the outcome as well. On a technical level, there were those who really did not want to be exposed, who are also very angry that this mission had been conducted. We did go through the protocol of informing the district director of health services and informing the regional coordinator and even invited them with us. But there was no support from the district and no support from the region at the time. And, you know, over time, you know, working with the district director of health services and, you know, we were able to make a good relationship and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=945.308,979.43125"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that was a question I had——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=979.43125,980.53795"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——really move quickly to break transmission then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=980.53795,982.198"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you feel about local support at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=982.198,989.038"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, Nkwanta District is an impoverished district to begin with, and to be fair, I think that the district director there at the time, and he's currently in a senior leadership position in the Ministry of Health, is a true innovator and a——I think he's an excellent public health practitioner. I think he's got some projects——he piloted this community health planning services strategy in Nkwanta District, and this is a guy who built the district from the bottom up with his hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=989.038,1023.20019"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And what is his name? His name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1023.20019,1024.7246"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e His name is Doctor J. Awoonor-Williams. He goes by the name Koku, that's his common Ghanaian name. And he——this is a very dedicated guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1024.7246,1033.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Korkor? You're not talking about Doctor Korkor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1033.49,1035.114"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that's Doctor Seidu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1035.114,1036.586"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Doctor Seidu, yeah, no. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1036.586,1037.498"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Someone different. He——this doctor I'm talking about, you know, he built the hospital from scratch, he pioneered the extension of health services through this Community Health Planning Services Program. Really brought up immunization coverage, access to maternal child health——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1037.498,1055.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so he's an innovator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1055.85,1057.734"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1057.734,1058.00314"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he interested in Guinea worm eradication?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1058.00314,1059.618"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think, you know, to the extent that he recognized it as a problem in his district, yes, I think he was supportive and definitely did not tie our hands. Did he have competing priorities? Yes, many, many competing priorities. And, you know, I think we find this in a lot of countries. This is not a disease that kills people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1059.618,1077.76462"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1077.76462,1078.31748"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e So, it's, you know, it's always a balance there. And so, you have to figure out, well where can we expect support that's reasonable? And where do we just need to be at least given permission to do good work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1078.31748,1087.716"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, but when you say people's nose were bent out of shape, who are you talking about? Are you talking about local people? You talking about The Carter Center's nose was bent out of shape?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1087.716,1095.924"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I think some of the authorities were embarrassed that——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1095.924,1099.62474"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Authorities? Local authorities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1099.62474,1101.08448"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah. And to a degree, even I would imagine that at the time, as much as it was, I think, appreciated by some of those authorities eventually, I think they were surprised. And no one likes to be embarrassed on a national forum. And though that was not the intention of doing the case search and presenting the findings, that's ultimately what happened, is that people were embarrassed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1101.08448,1125.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, what were you living at this point now when you're working in Volta or when you found these cases that came out of Volta, you were working out of Tamale at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1125.9,1136.79"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Bimbilla. I never worked out Tamale until 2004.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1136.79,1140.902"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But you were living in Tamale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1140.902,1142.054"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, I lived in Bimbilla.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1142.054,1146.27"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, when we were there, you were living in Tamale?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1146.27,1147.6089"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I lived in Bimbilla. From 2002 until 2003, about April 2003, I lived in Bimbilla. And then from April 2003 until roughly Elvin's [Hilyer] departure from the country. So roughly April 2004? Yeah, because I left in Nkwanta after March 2004 because that was the end of transmission season. So, say April 2004, I lived in a town called Pasa, and Pasa had a health center where I stayed in the nurse's quarters. Now, once in a while we would come to Tamale for meetings at the regional level. That was once a month, maybe once every two months, during transmission season and in Nkwanta District, I just stayed out there for three months straight and just didn't want to bother with having to come back to Tamale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1147.6089,1213.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, what was your family situation at that point? Did you——you met Ann there, your future wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1213.34,1220.316"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I met my current wife in Ghana. We didn't start dating until late and later, like, probably because March 2004, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1220.316,1235.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so you met your future wife. That's pretty interesting, I think for people——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1235.06,1238.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e But we were good friends from 2002 on——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1238.58,1241.90559"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And she was with Peace Corps——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1241.90559,1243.56839"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e She worked for——she was with Peace Corps as a volunteer. And then in 2003, she also became a technical assistant for The Carter Center. But working throughout the country and primarily on health education——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1243.56839,1257.59823"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1257.59823,1257.99106"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And trying to improve the quality of surveillance in areas that had been thought to be free of Guinea worm disease, but really were not. So, she also uncovered a few of these surprises as well: in Afram Plains and in Western Region and in the northwest and area around Upper West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1257.99106,1277.24"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, didn't you organize and——the building of case containment centers in Ghana, wasn't that major part of your——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1277.24,1290.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we did a couple. Yeah, you know——I have the feeling that they had less effect than the actual process of building them, because by building them, you had to be in the communities constantly. And whenever you're in the communities constantly, you're also always doing health education and looking for cases and teaching people how to filter [water], so I think it made a difference in terms of building some rapport and trust for the communities. It's interesting, you know, in Nanumba District, we use case containment centers and, you know, there was a reduction, there was a sizable reduction that year, I think was over like 60% between 2003 and transmission season in 2004. But when we didn't do case containment centers in Nkwanta District, mainly because the scope of the problem was so large. And I said, I don't want to do them. You know, I really just——I mean, I said, I don't even want to work here if we're going to do case containment centers because I really felt like it was a distraction and that the bread and butter of the program is good surveillance and then get your health education in, get some good vector control, and filters are going to help a lot as well. You know, so we really just concentrated on the communities and really identifying our water sources in Nkwanta. And I think we have over ninety percent reduction between the 2003-2004 transmission season and then the 2004-2005 [Guinea worm transmission season].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1290.0,1377.54"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But Elvin [Hilyer] said you actually were very successful in getting these containment centers up and going with local help that you, that, that you garnered, and that——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1377.54,1390.708"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we got them built. And, yeah, they were——I'd be curious how one of them is being used now, that one was a permanent structure, and I'd be interested to see if it's——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1390.708,1402.134"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e He [Elvin Hilyer] said you had people out there making——you had chiefs out making bricks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1402.134,1408.31"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e But like I said, you know, I think that's, that's where the value was added was it's not so much the center itself as an intervention, but it's the process of building trust with the community. We had an excellent relationship with that community. That was the most endemic community in the district at the time, maybe even in the world, at least by the data that was available globally. I think it was maybe the most endemic in the world, it was called Gbungbaliga [Ghana]. And, you know, we had a big party to celebrate the opening of it and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1408.31,1435.858"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But, I mean, is that the reason you had such good relations? Is that one of the major reasons you had such good relationships in that area, building something together? Is that possible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1435.858,1447.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think the reason is we just, you know, we'd go and spend nights there. I mean, we could spend nights in the villages and, you know, we'd try and organize some sort of local celebration. I don't know, I feel like the good relationships are not because of giving something. It's more——like something like an object, it's more because you show——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1447.58,1469.924"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was building something together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1469.924,1472.124"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yeah, that's an important activity. I'm not trying to downplay that, but I think that going into a community enjoying respect and humility and eating the food that they eat, and by providing a service that they want to have, and especially advocating for them to receive safe water. And luckily, both in Nkwanta and Nanumba Districts, we were able to get safe water delivery into our top endemic villages during the very exact transmission seasons, within——within the time I was working there, when there was really a lot of cases. So, you have this really nice synergy between the activation of community-based surveillance, the activities of the volunteers and their supervisors, the delivery of the routine interventions, and then on top of that, safe water facilities coming in, and that just locks everything down. And——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1472.124,1527.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that UNICEF [United Nations Children's Fund]? Were you working with UNICEF? That particular?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1527.86,1530.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I mean, maybe it was the UNICEF's funding. There was just an excellent district water and sanitation officer in Nanumba District named Prosper Ahalavore and he just really cared about the program. Like, he just thought it was a good program, it was a good thing to do. He wasn't——he was just really a good guy. You know, he would say, okay, these boreholes are coming into district: \"Where are the endemic villages?\" So always top priority went into the endemic villages, and he just had, you know, he was able to navigate sort of the political sensitivities of safe water development in rural Ghana so that, you know, the politicians were kept happy, but also Guinea worm endemic villages got some——got some boreholes. And we also, you know, something that we did in Nanumba and in Nkwanta, which I felt was successful, is we did at times hire a mechanic and fix boreholes. I mean, I can't tell you how many communities we went to where there's cases of Guinea worm, there's a broken borehole that needs maybe twenty-five dollars' worth of repairs. And, you know, sometimes we were able to get the community to contribute. Maybe it would just be paying the mechanic for his labor, maybe we'd have to pay for the part. That was typically the arrangement that worked the best. And that way they're contributing something, we're contributing something, everyone's happy, and then there's some sense of ownership on the part of the community. And, you know, over time, you also encourage them to develop water and sanitation committees and to open bank accounts and contribute regularly to those bank accounts. And some do a good job, and some don't, you know, every village has its own relationships and politics. That's what makes it fun; it's not a perfect situation, but nothing is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1530.94,1650.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What about the Red Cross? What role did they play?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1650.04,1654.28"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's a program, it was——I think it's a great idea if we're thinking of Red Cross in terms of the contribution of getting more women involved in the program. Excellent idea. Did it need to be done through a third party? Probably not. And I mean, I would even suggest for South Sudan and other endemic countries that they explore ways to get women directly involved and it has to be, it's a tedious balance with some of the cultural considerations in a country. And certainly, there were barriers to women being involved in Ghana and certainly in experience in Sudan, but there's great value to that. I really do find that you actually get a lot more traction working with women in a community than you do the men, typically. And I think this is a lot a function of, you know, working in rural——some of these rural areas where there is a lot of alcoholism, there are——there is an asymmetric burden of responsibility on women for household chores and raising their children and doing the farming. And that puts them at a lot more risk. And they're also putting others at risk because when they fetch water and they don't filter, then you can have a transmission event right there. But the Ghana Cross Society I think is——perhaps, you know, knowing what I know now, if it were to be done again, and I think you really have to look at the strength of an implementing partner organization and if they have the administrative capabilities to handle these type of funds and to manage a program. And clearly the Ghana Red Cross Society didn't have that management capability, most things in Ghana were a management problem, most things with Guinea worm eradication are a management problem. The science is pretty easy. But how we zone and map out bite-size areas of coverage, which is a continual process, I think in any eradication effort, is one of the critical challenges. And looking at what is an appropriate distance and workload for a volunteer, for this part-time supervisor, for this full-time supervisor. And if everyone has their bite-sized chunk and is properly resourced and supervised, the cases will drop because this is pretty——it goes away quickly, when you got a good plan that you can execute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1654.28,1816.512"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Think management is everything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1816.512,1820.27162"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1820.27162,1820.72814"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Management and education. What was your——what would you consider to be your major challenge, you and the other colleagues, and your other colleagues in Ghana? What was your number——did you have a number one major challenge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1820.72814,1836.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I don't know, thinking here——well, it certainly was not the communities, that was pretty easy. And, you know, they, you know, I mean, sure there's, there's always challenges, but I always felt like, you know, we were very well received, we were treated very hospitably, we were——I felt like, with the exception of a few straggling communities, very cooperative with the program. Never gave any of the volunteers any problems; you'd see communities weeding and gardening for volunteers while they were volunteers. You'd see them provide a contribution of yams or even, excuse me, livestock to the volunteer as a token of appreciation. There was a real sense of, I think, gratitude in the districts where we worked. I think maybe challenges were——and I imagine those dealing at the regional and national levels faced this even probably more than we did, was, you know, having——setting up a vertical program. Because the way in which the program was functioning up until 2002 was primarily as a control program and that just was not getting the job done. And by that, I mean just even the financial system of getting advances, field advances out, getting rectifications in, having routine meetings at the national level, having standardization and use of definitions of the program——and I think Elvin did a lot of work with this, which is really wonderful——using, making requisitions for supplies properly, having supplies available at the proper time for transmission season. But these were larger issues. And, you know, when you're operating at district level, you're just kind of like, well, give me what I need to do my job and then I'm going to go do it and it's actually quite, I don't know, I found it to be quite——not simple, but, like, in comparison with the experience in South Sudan, it was really, really simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1836.25,1976.056"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you feel like you had good support?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1976.056,1978.088"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1978.088,1978.808"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e From The Carter Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1978.808,1980.528"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, I think so. I mean——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1980.528,1982.44648"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You had good support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1982.44648,1983.38965"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——you know, I felt like Nwando Diallo and Elvin Hillier really trusted me a lot. You know, I said, when I go into transmission season in Nkwanta: \"I'm just going to stay out there, give me my budget for three months and then I'll report back to you and I'm going to do good things.\" And they trusted me to do that. And, you know, I felt like that was very empowering, that they trusted me. And I said, you can come visit whenever you like. And they did. And, you know, we'll look at the problems together because there will be problems. But, you know, I enjoyed the management style of The Carter Center a great deal, and I tried to do the same in South Sudan. I feel like I had to in South Sudan because the place was so big and we had such little ability to support technical assistance in the field in Southern Sudan that, you know, we really had to empower them as much as possible and just trust them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1983.38965,2038.722"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you took that to South Sudan, that style of management?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2038.722,2042.97"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And, you know, you get burned for it at times, people disappoint you. And, you know, certainly the worst-case scenario is you end-up having corruption even. But I think, all in all, it makes the program move forward, and there is a sense of urgency with Guinea worm eradication. You know, I'm sure there's challenges that I'm forgetting. I don't know, I tend to remember the good things more than the bad. So, I'll think of something, it'll come to mind——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2042.97,2072.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Come back to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2072.6,2075.49474"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2075.49474,2076.03509"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You were very successful in organizing and motivating local people. Why were you so successful?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2076.03509,2083.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, I don't, I don't know if there's a single reason why. I guess I felt like, you know, I wasn't always successful, in fact, I know I wasn't. I think it's a balance, and I think any manager or leader or person in that capacity finds this. You have to have a balance between, you know, establishing that there will be high expectations, that non-performers will be supervised closely to perform better, and if they don't perform better, they'll leave the program, that it depends heavily on teamwork, and that we're going to have fun. And I try to concentrate on the fun aspect because I feel like, you know, if people are well fed, and, you know, everybody gets a Coke[-Cola] at the end of the day and, you know, God knows, like, at the end of a hot day in Ghana or South Sudan, I definitely wanted something cool to drink. You know, you all try and take care of each other as a team. And I think, you know, we'd go and do these overnight health education activities in communities, and we'd try to make, you know, we try to do a lot of fun stuff with health education. And I think people really got into that. You know, we do dramas——we do a drama and a football match with the bordering villages in Togo, and we would, you know, collaborate with the Togolese on that. So, you do those kind of things, and especially do them during the dry season when things aren't, I'm sorry, during the rainy season, in Ghana at least, because that's when there are not cases of Guinea worm, at least not nearly as many. So just trying to have fun I think with health education, promoting behavior change, is a way of establishing rapport with communities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2083.6,2193.998"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Living there, as you said earlier, living there among people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2193.998,2197.31"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Or it's like, you know, some days you're like, okay, let's get a goat, or let's go get some fish, and we're going to go, you know, slaughter a goat and have the goat together. And, you know, we can tell funny stories and, you know, play some football. Yeah, I mean, I think it's just living there helps a lot, working side by side with people, showing that you're willing to load a truck together with them, willing to get your hands dirty. I think that's appreciated anywhere in the world, though, that humility and admitting that you're wrong sometimes to people that you're working with or supervising.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2197.31,2233.96"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Steve, what do you see as your major accomplishment in Ghana? How do you look back and what do you see?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2233.96,2250.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think my major accomplishment probably, well, maybe two levels. One of the things that I appreciate the most about this program is that it is very hands-on and you can see individuals improve a lot. And that's——it's important, I think, to focus on that: individual people and individual communities. You can see behavior change in a community, I think, with this program pretty quickly. And you have to look for subtle indicators; for instance, a pipe filter being left hanging on a Guinea worm prevention sign next to a pond, and it's there throughout the entire transmission season. That's usually a pretty good sign that everyone on that community is on board with the idea of this pipe filter is for anyone to use who's passing through so that they can have a drink of water safely and then that person is going to leave it there. And the fact that you could go to that pond time and time again and see that pipe filter there, or maybe someone took it, but then someone immediately replaced it. And then looking for subtle signs like that, you can see changes in attitudes and behaviors in communities. I think that's very gratifying, because if you wait until your actual reductions, it may take two years sometimes, because if you catch it late and you're just trying to get things in place for a lot of cases the next year and then finally the next year after that, then you might see a reduction. So I kind of feel like you really have to time it properly to get a reduction within twelve months. You really just have to be totally on your game. And in South Sudan, I'd even say it probably takes three years to get a reduction in some of these places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2250.04,2352.504"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. Any stories you have in Ghana, particularly, that you happen to remember, happen to recall of a particular interest. Were you ever, were you ever in a risky situation in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2352.504,2370.91657"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not that I can recall——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2370.91657,2371.88369"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You're always in a risky situation on the road. So, I know you're always——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2371.88369,2378.17"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I don't know risk——I mean, you know, motorcycles, there's snakes, there's things like, like that, but yeah, not so much. I mean, you know, we really had a nice team. You know, we had some communities where you'd have to walk to and that, that would be, that'd be fun. But I didn't, I didn't feel like it was risky, I mean, certainly you had a good workout, you were challenged by it. But I don't know, other stories——we, when I did work at the central level in Tamale from roughly the time of Elvin Hilyer's departure in, I think it was May 2004 and December 2004 when Ann and I left Ghana for good, I was working in Tamale at the central level and we had started up this effort to really tackle these large dams in the districts north of Tamale. And so, we got some boats; Ernesto [Ruiz-Tiben] helped us get some boats. And I remember that being, you know, take a full day to do some of these dams. It was just ridiculous. You know, you'd have like three hundred yards of rope that you were working with, and you would have to get like twelve people even just to finish in a day with several boats and there's crocodiles in these dams——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2378.17,2455.992"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Explain what you're doing, though, what you're doing at the dam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2455.992,2456.9661"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you're doing——you're basically taking an average of lengths, widths, and depths to get an approximate volume of the water source, which will tell you how much larvicide to apply to the water source. So, we, you know, it's a system of averages based on taking multiple calculations, so you basically construct an imaginary grid over the water source and taking measurements at those different points along that grid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2456.9661,2487.644"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And this is critical. You don't want too much in there? You don't want too much abate [larvicide]——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2487.644,2493.884"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it needs to be measured properly. It's very time, time consuming. We had whole days where we just spend days just in a stream bed, walking along, treating the different ponds because in Nkwanta and in Nanumba, we had more streams than we had dams, you know? But it ended up being you know——you just target like three or four of these streams and those are the sources of transmission, that's it. So, you know, we basically had a cycle each month whereby maybe one week out of that month, that's all you do, you just treat water nonstop. But then the rest of the month you can have more fun; you can do much more health education activities, volunteers are all active in the communities. So, I think abate [larvicide] was a very successful intervention for us in the areas where I worked——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2493.884,2547.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e People were not concerned about their cattle or about the taste of the water, or——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2547.02,2550.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, people are always concerned. But you have to give good education and brief the communities beforehand, and excuse me [yawns], and even involved them in the process. And we did, we had them help us measure and treat the water sources, so we always got them involved in all of that. But I think the thing that I am most proud about, probably in Ghana, was the work that we did in Nkwanta District, because we really turn it around pretty quickly. I think we went from over fifteen hundred cases to under two hundred cases in the course of that transmission season between March 2003 and March 2004.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2550.78,2597.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was a major, truly major, accomplishment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2597.1,2601.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, well, actually, I'm sorry, it'd be more the comparison of that year with the next year, 2004-2005. And that's where we have the change in cases, because we didn't even discover that there was a problem until March 2003. But, yeah, that's the accomplishment I feel best about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2601.9,2620.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's pretty dramatic. It's a pretty dramatic accomplishment, actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2620.11,2622.662"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, just goes to show that if you really——we were very fortunate, we had all the stars aligned properly. It was a pretty manageable area, like, you could take a motorcycle anywhere in that area that we were covering and do a site visit in a day, and you could get back to where we were staying in Pasa. It might be a bit of a stretch, you might want to spend at least one night out, but the distances were very reasonable to cover, and that's a luxury when you compare it with a place like Southern Sudan. So, I felt like it was yeah, a lot of cases, a lot of endemic villages, but pretty manageable distances, and the water sources were well defined. And these were fixed communities, there wasn't so much movement except the markets. That made things very easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2622.662,2668.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Easy in hindsight, after being in South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2668.72,2671.744"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, much easier than South Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2671.744,2674.304"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, you left Ghana and where did you go? You didn't go directly to South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2674.304,2684.336"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] for eight months, primarily on projects in Central Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2684.336,2692.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And what brought you back to The Carter Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2692.65,2695.834"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, I'd always try to keep a good relationship with The Carter Center. I mean, I had a wonderful experience, and I attended the Guinea worm review meetings, they invited me, and I would try to attend those. And had lunch with Ernesto [Ruiz-Tiben] once in a while and was aware of the position in Sudan, I applied for it and about the job. I'd always wanted to work in Sudan since like 2001; I wrote a paper, actually with The Carter Center, part of my MPH [master of public health] program on the sort of the politics surrounding water development in the Nile River Basin. And I learned a lot about Southern Sudan with that, more of an academic pursuit and I kind of got fascinated in the place. So, I always wanted to go to South Sudan, even when I was in Ghana, I was like: \"ending up working in South Sudan would be nice.\" I like the idea of having that challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2695.834,2748.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So that position came up and you took a resident technical advisor [role]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2748.15,2754.54371"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2754.54371,2755.05934"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In South Sudan. It was an area existing in an uneasy peace with the government in Khartoum. And how did that——how did you juggle that sort of sensitive situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2755.05934,2770.528"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Umm——stay out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2770.528,2773.368"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Stay out of the politics?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2773.368,2774.784"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2774.784,2775.42249"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2775.42249,2776.05034"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I felt like I was assigned a South Sudan, I'm not assigned to northern Sudan. Not really interested in the politics. I mean, I'm interested personally, but for my job, it's not——that's not why I'm there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2776.05034,2787.77731"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You stayed focused——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2787.77731,2788.66104"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm there to break transmission in South Sudan and that's it. And, you know, we'll let the northern states take care of themselves. And they did, they had already broken transmission a long time ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2788.66104,2795.97926"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e For the north. But you still had to work with the north, did you not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2795.97926,2799.62836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2799.62836,2799.63836"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You didn't have to work with Doctor Nabil?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2799.63836,2801.52509"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2801.52509,2801.68232"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2801.68232,2802.154"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2802.154,2803.224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2803.224,2803.234"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Not from a functional standpoint. I mean, we were happy to. It's just, you know, taking our cues from our colleagues in the Ministry of Health, government of Southern Sudan. They had nothing to do with the northern states. It's not personal and, you know, I think it took a long time for people here in Atlanta to realize that. It's nothing personal; no one has anything——in the south, no one has anything against Doctor Nabil. And likewise, I never really felt like, you know, Doctor Nabil, I don't know Doctor Nabil very well, but I never really felt like he had any problem with——anyone in the south.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2803.234,2833.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e He'd worked in South Sudan himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2833.16,2835.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, of course, during the war he did. So, it's not personal, but it is a function of the politics. And there were a lot of sensitivities with that among different members of the government of Southern Sudan, especially in the higher levels of the leadership in the Ministry of Health, to the point where you mention the word Khartoum or the north and people would go into a seething rage. So, you know, you learn to pick your battles pretty quickly, especially given that Sudan had a lot of battles to fight for Guinea worm eradication alone. And I felt like getting involved in this stuff it's just not——that's just not of interest to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2835.08,2873.332"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. So, you walk in as resident technical advisor. Were you taking, taking over for someone who was right——was there someone before you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2873.332,2880.316"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e A lady named Glenna Snyder was the resident technical advisor before me and so we had a hand over about a few weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2880.316,2887.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Glenna Snyder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2887.18,2888.476"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2888.476,2890.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, and who was there when you got there? Did——who else? Was there anyone else? Any other colleagues from The Carter Center there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2890.26,2898.106"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e There was one other field assistant named, and I think they call them field assistants or field operators, I forget what The Carter Center designation was for this person, but this was a coordinator up in Lokichokio [South Sudan]. Her name was Lisa Breed. She was there at the time, but also on her way out, and so was Glenna. And then we had a guy who had been hired to be the trachoma control officer, also based in Lokichokio, a cleaner, a driver,——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2898.106,2925.96841"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2925.96841,2926.92106"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——a logistics person, and then the operations manager. So, there's total, like, what, five or six people when we got there, and two of them were on their way out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2926.92106,2936.13"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And the other three were local?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2936.13,2937.938"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e All of the rest were local.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2937.938,2939.066"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody was local. You were there without any other expatriates from Carter Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2939.066,2944.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah. After Lisa and Glenna left? Yeah, I was the only one there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2944.25,2948.482"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. And so, who was your main colleague?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2948.482,2952.85"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Makoy. Samuel Makoy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2952.85,2954.522"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Samuel Makoy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2954.522,2955.149"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e From the Ministry of Health, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2955.149,2956.194"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2956.194,2956.802"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, so we designed the system for, for eradication of the program, the surveillance system, and the forms that we wanted to use. Then we just basically adapted the forms from Ghana and looked at the forms themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2956.802,2972.002"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But you and he sat down and worked up developing a strategy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2972.002,2976.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2976.57,2977.2552"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e For South Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2977.2552,2977.712"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah. And based on some of the agreed-to principles even before I joined the program again, and that was that you start in four focal areas in Southern Sudan. One is in Jonglei state, the other was in Warab, the third was in Eastern Equatorial state, and the last one was in a state——well, actually, it's technically two states, but two counties that bordered each other, straddling the state line——and those counties were called Terekaka and Awerial counties. And sure enough, that was a great starting point because there was a lot of Guinea worm there. And then we fanned out from there over the course of 2006 and 2007 and then, you know, slowly but surely brought other areas under surveillance as they needed to be. And some areas were bad choices to put under surveillance, and some areas, we took a risk, and we were completely accurate. So, you go with the best information you have at the time, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2977.712,3031.644"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But you brought together quite a large team, did you not? In South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3031.644,3035.828"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e We grew it. Yeah, yeah, we had to grow it locally. I think there's over 150 field officers now. But that's something that we did immediately; we realized we have got to hire——we have to have some sort of structure of supervision to this program, this country is just too big. So, [Samuel] Makoy was able to advocate very successfully for state field coordinators, who have now been, and these are Ministry of Health employees, they've now been absorbed, their pay is fully absorbed by the Ministry of Health. And so, in that sense, I mean, I think there's one small example of this program contributing to service delivery and establishing a permanent surveillance system in Southern Sudan——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3035.828,3094.15482"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e For other programs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3094.15482,3095.23273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e For other programs because people, these people are now going to be the IDSR: the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response focal points. And this system, I would imagine, will eventually get co-opted into that infrastructure for reporting communicable diseases, the notifiable diseases of interest in South Sudan. And already, I mean, we used the program since 2007 to support, where necessary, during outbreaks of infectious disease, excuse me, measles, cholera, meningitis. As well as supporting delivery of interventions for malaria, trachoma. I'm trying to think what else, mostly malaria and trachoma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3095.23273,3137.87"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So now what is your family situation? Are you married at this point? Have you gotten married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3137.87,3142.718"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I'm married and I got a boy who is nine months old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3142.718,3146.334"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, no I was thinking about, at this point, when you're in South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3146.334,3147.278"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, at that point, yeah, Ann and I got married in 2005. We'd basically, I mean, we were going to get——we were engaged as it was, but things sped up a bit because of this assignment to Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3147.278,3157.506"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you got married before you went to South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3157.506,3159.946"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3159.946,3160.538"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. And was Anne in South Sudan at all? Did she ever——was she?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3160.538,3165.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e On and off at the beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3165.37,3166.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Was she ever working in South Sudan with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3166.93,3169.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, after graduate school, she worked in Nairobi [Kenya] to help us out with our procurement of supplies to come into Southern Sudan for about eight months. She did that; she set up the procurement system there and then another person named Jamie Tallent came in and took over her. Ann went to graduate school, that fall of 2006. And then she came back to Southern Sudan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3169.57,3196.072"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So back to Atlanta or——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3196.072,3198.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, to University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3198.12,3201.84309"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3201.84309,3202.64331"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e So, we were apart for those two years. You know, she came in the summer in-between and did a project in South Sudan looking at media habits among the Toposa tribe in Southeast Sudan. And then she came back in May and took a consultancy working on behavior change communications in South Sudan from May 2008 through March 2009.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3202.64331,3226.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And that's when you left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3226.25,3228.018"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e We left in March 2009.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3228.018,3229.698"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You both left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3229.698,3230.658"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Had a baby on the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3230.658,3231.938"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Had a baby on the way. Who's here now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3231.938,3234.236"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3234.236,3237.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, back to South Sudan for a minute. You were working with other NGOs [non-governmental organizations], I'm assuming, in various areas. With Lifeline Sudan or no?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3237.5,3246.916"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not so much. Interestingly, you know, you stumble across documents whenever you take over for someone. And, you know, one of the documents was a letter instructing the previous RTA [resident technical advisor] to sever all ties with the NGO's that we were working with in Operation Lifeline Sudan. And this was at the request of Doctor Bellario, who is the——he was the, I don't know the director, whatever you would call it, not the minister of health, but sort of the director, the secretary of health before the Ministry of Health was formed during the war. This was back in, I believe, 2004. So, this directive came in 2004, I believe, to Glenna [Snyder], and then that relationship was severed. But with that came any ability to implement a program, and you can't set up a program and do it all alone with no Ministry of Health and no NGOs, and no presence on the ground in South Sudan. So, a lot of the data from 2005 is pretty much garbage. There were some accuracies in terms of trends because there were some technical assistance on the ground. But, I mean, they'll even tell you, all we could do is just count cases. We didn't have any kind of support. And this is not to criticize anyone, I think it's just a function of timing. You know, you can't cut your umbilical cord too early. And so at the same time, while there's no capability to implement in Southern Sudan, also, they closed the office in Nairobi, which was your only way of supplying a program in Southern Sudan. So, Ann and I had to go through the process of establishing sort of a one-person procurement function in Nairobi because we had no logistic support for even moving the program into Southern Sudan. So, we're trying to buy trucks and fuel and food and just basic commodities so that people can live and survive in Southern Sudan. Because there were no markets at that time, you could not get goods anywhere but in Kenya or Uganda and truck them in. So we had to go through that pretty sharp learning curve. And I really do think that the lack of logistics capability and the lack of implementing partners made 2006 a really tough year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3246.916,3376.494"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Difficult. So, they had, The Carter Center had closed their office in Nairobi at that point?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3376.494,3382.454"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3382.454,3384.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's when Kelly Callahan left. And no one followed her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3384.67,3388.508"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Kelly was before Glenna [Synder]. This was during Glenna's time that the office closed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3388.508,3392.396"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, Glenna. It was closed after Glenna left. Okay, well, that did leave you out there in the field, didn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3392.396,3399.556"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, all we had was Lokichokio, and there's nothing——yeah, it was——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3399.556,3402.692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And if you're not supposed to be working with the NGOs coming out of Lokichokio?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3402.692,3407.508"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, and a bunch of those NGOs were angry because the US——not the US——I work for the US now, The Carter Center, you know, we used to be giving them grants. So this was a source of income for them. And the grant——I'm fully in support of the decision to have the relationship with the Ministry of Health, support the Ministry of Health infrastructure, and move in full into Southern Sudan, because that's what will break transmission, make this a vertical program. But I think it's a question of timing. Because we didn't have the capability ourselves, actually, to implement a program. So, then you got to go with, well, what's the next best option? You go with implementing partners. So, these folks were getting money from The Carter Center, and I'm sure they were upset about that loss of income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3407.508,3452.248"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3452.248,3452.912"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And some of them were not using it properly, by all rights, and we were getting garbage from them, and some of them were doing really good. I mean, The Carter Center supported, through Operation Lifeline Sudan, some of these NGOs to break transmission in some of these states during the war. Western Equatorial state is an example of that, there used to be active transmission there. So together with technical support and funding, even during the war, The Carter Center was able to demonstrate that you can stop this disease. So, you know, that was a challenge. That was probably the greatest challenge we faced in Southern Sudan, actually, was just coming into nothing and yet having all of this sense of urgency. At the time, we were kind of getting pushed by Atlanta to develop this tripartite MOU [memorandum of understanding] and all this stuff with the North and, like I said before, the southerners didn't want any part of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3452.912,3507.402"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Tripartite, tripartite. What are you saying tripartite?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3507.402,3510.13518"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Like three parties between——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3510.13518,3511.38788"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What three?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3511.38788,3512.07118"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——the North, the South, and The Carter Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3512.07118,3515.146"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3515.146,3515.964"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And that was really, really not the way to go down and, you know, it took months to convince folks here of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3515.964,3523.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Had to work with the people there, had to work with South Sudan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3523.58,3530.00526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yeah——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3530.00526,3530.6609"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e With the ministry there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3530.6609,3532.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly, exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3532.3,3532.81584"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3532.81584,3533.06301"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e They don't really want to get into it. We're not going to use health as a bridge to peace through a tripartite MOU.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3533.06301,3538.748"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3538.748,3539.052"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e It's just not possible. They're not——there's just too much bad blood at that point in time, and I think there still is. And there's going to be——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3539.052,3546.57506"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Going to continue to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3546.57506,3547.27119"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——a vote on a referendum, and, you know, they'll decide one way or another how things are going to fall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3547.27119,3551.68"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, it's going to be very complicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3551.68,3552.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And a tripartite MOU for Guinea worm disease ain't going to help that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3552.16,3557.44"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay. What were your areas in South Sudan? What were your states or regions? What do you——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3557.44,3561.952"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Ten, ten states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3561.952,3564.24"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You had ten states?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3564.24,3565.24"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. In all of Southern Sudan, it's composed of ten states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3565.24,3567.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Which of those did you work in? Which——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3567.65,3571.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I was a resident technical advisor for The Carter Center. So, we worked every——I worked everywhere The Carter Center worked, and we worked everywhere where the disease was active——where transmission was active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3571.65,3582.354"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought you had four, you had four major areas, I thought?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3582.354,3583.522"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Those are four starting points and those are starting points within states. You know, basically lined up——we even lined up the starting points based on where there's airstrips, because we knew we were going to come into transmission season pretty quickly and we had to identify places with year-round access for the safety and security of the staff, as well as for resupply, and for doing supervision. So those four were the starting points, but we found that there was active transmission in seven states, seven out of ten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3583.522,3616.32514"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Seven of the ten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3616.32514,3617.74918"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And we poked around in the other states to see, you know, to backstop and make sure, okay, are these states really free of transmission? We just did some assessment visits in those states and didn't find evidence transmission. And those were Upper Nile, Unity, and Western Equatorial State. Now, since then, Western Equatorial State has had a small pocket of cases in an area bordering Terekaka county. So, I think it was like one or two villages, but, you know, for the most part we could focus on those seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3617.74918,3648.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you feel like you accomplished in that piece of time? I guess you don't have a sense of Guinea worm numbers when you came and when you left, necessarily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3648.01,3658.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3658.65,3659.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you, have a good——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3659.49,3659.77"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I mean, I think pretty good. When we——there were 5,600 something cases in 2005. I arrived in November 2005. In 2006, the Ministry of Health was formed, [Samuel] Makoy became the director of the program. We set up the system, surveillance was activated, starting from these four focal areas and then branching out into other areas of those states and into a total of seven states over the course of that year, and we detected over 15,000 cases. Now did we miss some areas? Yes. Did we over report in some of these areas? Were reports falsified? Yes, I do think so. So what the clear picture is, I mean, I don't even really want to speculate. We originally reported over 20,000 cases, but we realized that there had been some double reporting. And so, we cleaned up the database the best that we could, retrospectively, and then we ended up with, I think, 15,585. The following year, in 2007, we dropped down to over 5,000 cases, and then 2008 was 3,000 something, and then 2009, 2,000 something. And I think the latest word I heard from [Samuel] Makoy was that they're on track in 2010 for about a 50% reduction so far. They're in the middle of transmission season, we'll see where the pieces fall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3659.77,3751.328"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But it looks, it looks so promising.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3751.328,3753.656"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e It's dropping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3753.656,3754.70581"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It looks so promising.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3754.70581,3756.06216"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e And when you see all the indicators were moving in the right direction. I guess this is why I'm so encouraged by South Sudan, is that you have cases dropping, reporting rate is at one hundred percent now for endemic villages, whereas it was sixty three percent in 2006. You have areas, we really have the country better sorted out and mapped now, the indicators for vector control are very, very high now. I mean, like, you know, ten times higher than they were in 2006. Indicators for all the other interventions are much higher. I think the one thing that's really lagging in South Sudan, and this is just sort of a travesty, I think, for the international community, is safe water coverage. Yeah, that sector can't get it together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3756.06216,3798.448"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But it's such an enormous area, right? It's such an enormous area to cover?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3798.448,3803.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e With such enormous need, yeah. Well, there's not——you know, South Sudan is sparsely populated, it's an area the size of Texas, but, you know, there's only like, I mean it depends on your source, but generously, you could say ten million, but more likely somewhere between five and ten million people. There are just not many people living there. So, I think one of the challenges for water development though is the settlement pattern. Because people are——this is a challenge for surveillance too, and delivery of any interventions and mobilizing communities——is you're dealing with a clan structure, people settle very——in isolated circumstances, in that you'll have one homestead, and then you might move another four hundred meters, and there's another homestead. So, it makes even doing surveillance, like walking through a village, very, very difficult. And figuring out where one village ends and another one begins, that's also very difficult, too. In fact, many of the Southern Sudanese say that we don't have villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3803.29,3867.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, brilliant. They have, they have tribes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3867.94,3870.172"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e They refer to other distinctions, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3870.172,3872.388"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But they don't cluster together, like some do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3872.388,3876.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e They have tribes——no, no, everyone lives within their tribe. I didn't come across many, except for large towns where tribes would mix up, but within tribes there's clans, and within clans there's sub-clans, and within sub-clans there's families. So, it's a very complex system that's very, how would you say it, amorphous, in a way, in terms of the leadership structure as well. There's a lot of leaders, decision is made typically by consensus, as opposed to, say, having more of a strict hierarchy that you might find in Ghana and some of the groups there where there's a king, there's, you know, paramount chiefs. You know, there's a real strict hierarchy, whereby you know who the chief is in the community, you go visit the chief, you ask for his permission to work there, and you get your permission, and you can work through the chief. There's no one to work through, very easily at least, in a lot of these communities in Southern Sudan, because there's so many stakeholders. It's more like you have to assemble twenty people, and then you work through those twenty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3876.06,3941.176"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And you have a lot of languages you're dealing with also? Are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3941.176,3946.656"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, a lot of different languages. But, you know, the field workers, they spoke English, in addition to their tribal languages, and Arabic as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3946.656,3956.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, okay, while you were there, you're in a peaceful situation, but you do have——you do have some dissonance within Sudan. Even though they're at peace with the government of Sudan, you're having some struggle going on politically. Did that affect you in terms of your risk? Did——you felt at risk at all in Southern Sudan the years you were there because of political struggle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3956.53,3986.756"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not because of political struggle. I mean there were some skirmishes between the troops from the government of Sudan and government of Southern Sudan, but only in border areas where we were not operating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3986.756,3997.124"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But not——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3997.124,3997.628"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e There didn't happen to be getting worm transmission there, so we didn't have operations there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3997.628,4001.156"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4001.156,4003.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think more the security threat for the people, and this is on an ongoing basis and has taken a lot of lives in Southern Sudan, including lives of some of the staff there and volunteers, is just the ongoing inter-clan conflict within tribes. Primarily over cattle grazing land, old blood feuds, and there's just a lot of weapons out there, too many unemployed young men. And I think whenever you have that combination, even see it here in the United States, it's a dangerous mixture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4003.22,4045.32"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Your major accomplishment in Sudan, what do you see as your major accomplishment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4045.32,4053.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think the major accomplishment is probably just working with [Samuel] Makoy to get a program set up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4053.88,4061.026"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e The whole management of the program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4061.026,4064.842"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, every dimension of it, you know, from logistics, to the intervention delivery, to surveillance advocacy. It's a pretty——for Southern Sudan standards, it's pretty amazing how much effort went into it and now how well it works. And I'm really proud of the staff there. They did a great job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4064.842,4091.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you bring any of that staff together? Were they there when you got there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4091.1,4094.612"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, no, I hired——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4094.612,4095.94533"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, you're talking about growing the big staff, you're talking about the big staff. Ah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4095.94533,4100.612"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, we hired all of them and they had to fire some, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4100.612,4104.08706"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4104.08706,4104.57077"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, there's always some of that. And those are probably the most challenging things is dealing with people who don't do the right thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4104.57077,4109.166"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And the most beneficial, they keep going after you leave. It's on track.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4109.166,4115.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I feel really good about that. About the handover with Alex Jones, who's the current RA [resident advisor] and is doing an excellent job there. I mean, we spent about eight months doing the handover, is that right? Between October——about six months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4115.67,4132.558"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a nice piece of time, isn't it? Nice piece of time to have that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4132.558,4135.078"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we had a six month handover. And for the last three, I worked in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4135.078,4136.94299"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, did you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4136.94299,4137.71406"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e So, we sort of switched roles, actually, at that point in time. So, I just worked in the field and, you know——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4137.71406,4143.6256"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Nice, Nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4143.6256,4144.1228"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd come back to headquarters and help him out with a few things, but for the most part, I was just in the field, which is a very nice way to leave the program there, to have the ability to go back into the field full-time and be able to contribute in that capacity and take those memories back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4144.1228,4158.79"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But you're there for him, with any answers to any questions? For those six months?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4158.79,4166.304"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, but I, yeah, yeah. I mean now we just correspond briefly, just you know, how are you doing, that sort of thing. But he really has a good working relationship with [Sameul] Makoy and with the staff there, and I think I have all the confidence those guys are going to finish the job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4166.304,4180.656"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Great, what is his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4180.656,4181.704"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Alex Jones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4181.704,4182.672"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Alex. Alex Jones. If he comes back into town, please remind him that I'd like to——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4182.672,4187.912"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e That he's got to have an interview, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4187.912,4191.83865"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah right, so remind him if I don't hear from him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4191.83865,4193.93286"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he's a good person to interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4193.93286,4195.329"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You and Ann are back in Atlanta now, and you're with CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4195.329,4199.225"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4199.225,4200.689"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e How has life changed for you? How has life back in the United States after so many years in the field and in Africa?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4200.689,4210.009"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't know. We have those days, and we had one maybe two days ago, when we were like, well, we should really go back to Africa again. But——I would go back to any of these countries again and work under the right circumstances, I really would. I think that the Guinea worm eradication is a wonderful program. It's something I'm grateful to have been able to participate with. You know, life changes a lot, I don't know if it's so much life changing a lot coming back to the United States, as it is life changes when you have a baby, and I think that happens to anyone who starts a family. So, I don't know, we had a lot of changes in 2009. You know, we came back to the United States, had a baby, we had a home, got a dog, changed jobs. So, a lot of changes at once, I don't know, I guess I'm probably still processing it, but I think the biggest change is having a baby. Moving back and forth between the United States, I mean sure this thing that are annoying, but there's things that——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4210.009,4268.29008"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You've been doing that for a long time, back and forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4268.29008,4271.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it's——you kind of learn to appreciate the absurdity of it all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4271.9,4276.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And to step in the different worlds pretty easily?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4276.34,4278.252"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, and the United States is an absurd place, and so is Sudan in some ways, too. And you learn to, I think——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4278.252,4287.676"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But one is simpler than the other perhaps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4287.676,4288.988"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e ——appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4288.988,4289.692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that possible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4289.692,4291.54"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I think all have a complexity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4291.54,4295.15491"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4295.15491,4295.67132"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, sure. I mean, very complex traditional systems in Southern Sudan that, you know, I feel like we were scratching the surface of, in terms of how to relate with the societies there, with behavior change for Guinea worm eradication. There's a tremendous amount of complexity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4295.67132,4318.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you anticipate going back to the field, you and Ann, Sammy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4318.91,4323.998"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, it depends what we call the field. You know, it's funny, like, I do international work for CDC and, you know, their vision of the field is a little bit different than Carter Center's vision. And I hope that I always keep that perspective, even in my work with CDC. No, I've made the offer with Ernesto [Ruiz-Tiben], I'd be happy to do some work for him. You know, I've got comp time, my boss has said, yeah, go for it. I mean, there's a lot of respect at CDC for the work that The Carter Center does and that I did with them, and I'm happy to have that support. I think with this type of program, would I want to do something like this again? I think so, yeah, of course. What would it look like? I don't know. I mean, Guinea worm is so unique, it's so special. I don't think that any other experience will compare, and in a lot of ways maybe it shouldn't. So, I think that, yeah, I'd like to go to the field again and do something community level again. Will that be with CDC or some other group? I don't really know. We'll see what happens. It's hard to get into the field when you're with CDC, though, there's a lot of restrictions on your movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4323.998,4399.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e When you get to certain levels, too, it's hard to get a field position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4399.46,4406.3"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I mean, for them, you can get field positions, but you can't get grassroots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4406.3,4412.116"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm talking about, I'm talking about field positions. I'm not talking about the field in Paris [France]; that's not what I'm talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4412.116,4418.26"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e It's harder to get muddy, but you can go into some of the——like they have positions in capitals in these countries. That's more of what the field is for CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4418.26,4431.24832"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4431.24832,4432.10489"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e But even then, and there's some wonderful field workers in CDC too; they do——they are able to get engaged in fieldwork, but it's not as solely focused on that as The Carter Center's efforts are, which I think is something that is comparative advantage for The Carter Center as an organization. And I hope that they are able to build upon the experience of the eradication campaign to strengthen some of these fledgling systems in primarily Sub-Saharan Africa. But, to me, the greatest benefit to Southern Sudan beyond Guinea worm eradication with this program is giving people the confidence, and the trust with the communities, and the skill sets to actually have field extension services and start vaccinating those babies, and getting children dewormed, and bed nets into the hands of people. And I hope that there is a vision of converting what exists to that kind of capability, because there is a real opportunity there. It has to be timed properly so as not to compromise the eradication objectives, but I think there is an opportunity there. With the right partners and commitments, it could be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4432.10489,4510.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Steve, are there any questions you wish I had asked?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4510.91,4514.26657"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4514.26657,4514.49543"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That I didn't?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4514.49543,4515.182"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a very good interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4515.182,4516.718"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there anything else you'd like to add for the public record?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4516.718,4519.87"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e Nope. No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations. No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations. No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4519.87,4520.654"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4520.654,4520.654"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBECKNELL:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations. No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations. No. Thank you, Steve, for taking this time and sharing with us today, and leaving a record for future generations. No problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4520.654,4528.54"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/transcript/69020/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/069/020/original/transcript_1738350942.vtt20250131-43902-1jpfqu.vtt20250131-43902-1jpfqu?1738350942","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/069/020/original/transcript_1738350942.vtt20250131-43902-1jpfqu.vtt20250131-43902-1jpfqu?1738350942"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Becknell, Steven Index [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer introduces Steven \"Steve\" Becknell formerly a field technical assistant in Ghana and then a resident technical assistant in South Sudan for The Carter Center (TCC).","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an interview with Stephen [Steve] Becknell, MPH formerly a field technical assistant in the—in northern Ghana and then resident technical assistant in southern Sudan.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background and Education ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=75.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes his family background and educational experience, including his international experiences as a student and interest in global health.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=75.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great. Okay, to begin with, can you tell us something about your early life, where you were born, what size family you grew up in, your early childhood years?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=75.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guinea Worm Eradication in Ghana","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=252.0,1213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses his role as a technical advisor working on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program with The Carter Center (TCC) Ghana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=252.0,1213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, so that sort of confirmed that. Now, you graduate from Emory, graduate from the School of Public Health, directly into The Carter Center? Or CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]—what?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=252.0,1213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personal Life Part I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1213.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes his personal life while working on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program for The Carter Center (TCC) in Ghana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1213.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, what was your family situation at that point? Did you—you met Ann there, your future wife?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1213.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship Building and Case Containment Centers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1277.0,1527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses Guinea worm case containment centers and the importance of building relationships with local communities in Ghana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1277.0,1527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" Okay, didn't you organize and—the building of case containment centers in Ghana, wasn't that major part of your—","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1277.0,1527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"International Partners Part I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1527.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes working with international partners to eradicate Guinea worm disease in Ghana, including UNICEF and Red Cross.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1527.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was that UNICEF [United Nations Children's Fund]? Were you working with UNICEF? That particular?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1527.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Challenges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1820.0,2371.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses some of the challenges he encountered while working to eradicate Guinea worm in Ghana. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1820.0,2371.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Management and education. What was your—what would you consider to be your major challenge, you and the other colleagues, and your other colleagues in Ghana? What was your number—did you have a number one major challenge?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=1820.0,2371.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Water Projects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2371.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes some of the efforts he was involved in to treat water sources in order to prevent the spread of Guinea worm in Ghana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2371.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're always in a risky situation on the road. So, I know you're always—","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2371.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guinea Worm Eradication in South Sudan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2668.0,3137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses his role as a resident technical advisor with The Carter Center (TCC) working on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program in South Sudan.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2668.0,3137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Easy in hindsight, after being in South Sudan?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=2668.0,3137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personal Life Part II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3137.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes his personal life while working on Guinea worm eradication for The Carter Center (TCC) in South Sudan.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3137.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now what is your family situation? Are you married at this point? Have you gotten married?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3137.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"International Partners Part II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3237.0,3557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell describes working with international partners to eradicate Guinea worm disease in South Sudan, including logistical issues and non-governmental organization (NGO) relationships. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3237.0,3557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, back to South Sudan for a minute. You were working with other NGOs [non-governmental organizations], I'm assuming, in various areas. With Lifeline Sudan or no?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3237.0,3557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Challenges Part II ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3557.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses some of the challenges he encountered while working on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program in South Sudan.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3557.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. What were your areas in South Sudan? What were your states or regions? What do you—","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=3557.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conclusion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4195.0,4534.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Becknell discusses his professional and personal life after leaving Africa and joining CDC.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4195.0,4534.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499/index/88156/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You and Ann are back in Atlanta now, and you're with CDC. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132718/file/247499#t=4195.0,4534.0"}]}]}]}