{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tb0xp6wt9m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Mauldin, Harold M."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-02-23"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Harold Mauldin began his career in 1948. He was one of the first six public health advisors at CDC. Interviewed by Karen Torghele and Lyle Conrad"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Harold Mauldin began his career in 1948. He was one of the first six public health advisors at CDC. Interviewed by Karen Torghele and Lyle Conrad"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/453/small/Mauldin_Harold_M.jpg?1727919446","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 20120223_Mauldin_Harold.mp3"]},"duration":4609.18088,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/247/453/small/Mauldin_Harold_M.jpg?1727919446","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/247/453/original/20120223_Mauldin_Harold.mp3?1722773541","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4609.18088,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["[AssemblyAI Transcript] 20120223 Mauldin, Harold [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e She started with me about a month ago or so, and during a discussion I was having with an old smallpox, he said, well, you know, when smallpox disappeared, we all established the national immunization program at CDC. And I said, the hell you did. We were there before that. The smallpox didn't disappear until 77, 78.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=0.72,25.046"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=25.046,27.432"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And I said, let me tell you about the six most important people getting immunization at CDC. And it started actually before my time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=27.432,38.328"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Because you were there 63.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=38.328,41.248"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. And I didn't get there till 65. And I said, now that's for the historian now. And that's why I want to talk to Harold, because he came before me. And you actually were at CDC before 63?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=41.248,55.732"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah. I came to CDC headquarters in 1963. I was in the field for ten years before. Oh, yeah. Before that, from 1950, I worked in vanilla disease control in Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, twice, Michigan, Puerto Rico, North Carolina, twice. So I moved around a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=55.732,88.07"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you learn. I'll be quiet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=88.07,90.39"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I tend to talk too much. That's all right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=90.39,92.718"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you learn about CDC's venereal disease program in 1950? Were you in the program while you were in Washington or did you come down at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=92.718,103.078"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, no, they interviewed me loud. Also, I don't know whether the name means anything to you or not. Tom Davis. You certainly remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=103.078,113.008"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=113.008,116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=116.0,117.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember the name. I never met the man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=117.08,120.24"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Were active at that time. And of course, they had worked during the war shortly thereafter in venereal disease control out of Washington. That's correct. And they interviewed me and hired me along with six or seven other people. That's when Bill Watson came on, only about six or seven of us at that time, and then in various states. And then it exploded there after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=120.24,160.07"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I wanted to be sure that it's okay that we're recording this. Okay. And then just to document that, I'm talking to Mister Harold Maldin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=160.07,169.406"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=169.406,169.91"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e M a u l d I n. It is. I. I got his name wrong on the letter. And it is February 23, 2012. And this is Karen Torghaili, and I'm here with Lyle Conrad as well. So there'll be several voices in here. But I guess the first thing to talk about is that if you could go into more detail about how you got into CDC in the first place and what your background was to lead you to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=169.91,206.39"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I started out in public health with you, with the state of Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=206.39,214.31"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was your training for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=214.31,217.094"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=217.094,218.062"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your training?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=218.062,220.23"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I was fresh out of college. So there were a number of us recruited for various reasons to help run their disease control program. Then the public health service interviewed me, and I came home with public health service from that day on. But CDC at that time was involved in malaria control when I was working in south Georgia. When I began in south Georgia disease control, they were still. Malaria control was still operated by CDC. It didn't become expanded until after that time. And Harold Taylor, who was down there at that same time in malaria control, it later became CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=220.23,291.58"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What office was that out of in south Georgia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=291.58,294.588"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=294.588,295.196"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e What office were you working out of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=295.196,298.036"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e They had regional offices in state of Georgia, six of them. One was in Waycross.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=298.036,303.212"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=303.212,303.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And I was in a regional office in Waycross, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=303.62,307.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, it must have been a big problem there in Whitecross. Oh, yes, right by the Okefenokee swamp. I'm sorry, right by the swamp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=307.02,316.52"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the swamp is close. Yes, but Waycross is a fast sized city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=316.52,327.64"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So. And where are you from originally?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=327.64,331.032"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Elbert County, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=331.032,333.48"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And that's in south Georgia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=333.48,335.16"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it's east of Athens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=335.16,337.264"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e East of Athens. And I'm guessing you went to University of Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=337.264,342.128"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I certainly did. Well, I actually went to college for a couple years before going into service. And after I came back, I went to the University of Georgia and finished my degree, but I did not go to Georgia. I mean, the first couple of years before going into the service, I was in the air force during World War Two, flying B 17s, all that kind of good stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=342.128,373.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, when you joined CDC, did you join it as a public health advisor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=373.78,379.012"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=379.012,380.52"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And do you remember any of the people that you started with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=380.52,386.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, Bill Watson, for one, who was there, and, of course, Tom Davis. Tom was in headquarters at that time. Oh, yeah. There were a good number of others, yeah. But there were only about six or eight of us originally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=386.8,407.6"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Tom Davis out of the office at Peachtree and 7th building?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=407.6,412.14"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=412.14,413.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e If you visited there, you've been down to Peachtree, 7th building. It's still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=413.22,418.556"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=418.556,419.068"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I went down years ago. Take a picture of it. That was the first place CDC, and CDC was there until 60, I think, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=419.068,431.228"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Harem about that? Yeah, somewhere along before it came up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=431.228,434.66"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Here, there were several locations downtown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=434.66,437.62"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=437.62,438.124"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e There was the Baptist bookstore and then Peachtree in 7th. And most of the places have big buildings on them now, but I'll have to. I'll have to go look at that one. So you were based there at that peach tree in 7th?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=438.124,455.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, when I came in. No, I didn't come in to the public health service at that time. I came to CDC, which headquarters in 1963.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=455.18,469.97"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e By that time it was on Clifton Road. I'm sorry, by that time it was on Clifton Road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=469.97,476.514"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=476.514,477.938"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so for your 1st 13 years, you were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=477.938,484.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked in the field. In the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=484.01,486.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And you lived in the field like Waycross and other towns?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=486.73,489.754"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, all over the. Well, as I say, Louisiana, Arkansas, twice, Michigan, Puerto Rico, North Carolina twice. So, yes, I moved around a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=489.754,504.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And would you describe a typical workday when you were out in the field?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=504.08,516.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we. Let's see if I can go back. Of course, working in venereal disease control. Is that what you're talking about? Well, among those things, of course, you investigated any occurrence of venereal disease that had been reported. Okay, so if, for example, they had gone to the doctor or had gone to the public health clinic and was diagnosed with venereal disease, one of our jobs was to interview that individual and to track down their contacts. So if a person was interviewed with, I mean, diagnosed with primary syphilis, then you attempted to find whom he had been with or she had been with through an interview process, and you tracked down those to bring them to treatment and whatever have you, if it require treatment, but to examination to begin with. And in addition to that, now, we did tremendously numbers of surveys of what we refer, which were blood testing surveys to uncover or to find cases of venereal disease throughout the south in particular. And of course, that's true elsewhere as well. Wasn't anything peculiar to the south because I did same thing in Michigan. We would blood test individuals. What we would do was set up a process where we would, for six and eight, six days in a row, we would have teams to draw bloods to uncover syphilis. And you blacks were the ones that had the highest reaction. Now, we didn't confine it to blacks, so don't misunderstand me. Although we hadn't had significant amounts in whites as well, the higher percentage of individuals who were uncovered were, in fact, blacks, partly, I'm sure, because they probably did not receive as much medical care as good medical care, among other things, any rate. So one state in this country required by law that individuals, all individuals, had to be blood tested. That was Alabama. No other state required that. So there was a period of time in which screens were uniform. So I worked in that kind of a situation in Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas. Song that's what I did in part to organize and do that sort of thing. But in addition to that, of course, we trained individuals to be able to interview and uncover this through an interview process and the context of the individuals who had been diagnosed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=516.08,764.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, what it really sounds like, Harold, and I'm sorry for intruding. We were focused on not necessarily venereal disease, but this was a syphilis focus beginning in 1950. We didn't get to other diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=764.46,783.612"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we, of course, uncovered lots of gonorrhea. Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=783.612,789.804"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=789.804,790.772"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah. And of course, you interviewed and handled those as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=790.772,795.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=795.86,796.692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e But syphilis was your.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=796.692,798.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the focus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=798.7,799.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=799.7,801.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And was that because of the end results, if you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=801.86,806.812"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was a long term. Yeah, well, you had everything from primary and secondary syphilis, tertiary and so on over a period of time. And of course, these individuals, we had treatment centers all over the country for venereal disease right here in Georgia. It was in North Georgia, North Carolina. We had it in two places, in Charlotte and in Durham. We had veneration treatment centers. That's all they had. I have. And in Louisiana too. Some down in New Orleans to charity hospital, had a separate clinic area there. But I'd load up a bus of 45 people at one time and sent them there for diagnosis, for final diagnosis and treatment. So that was what we did for a period of time there to try to catch up all of this sort of stuff. So just like I was saying, Alabama is the only place that I know of that passed a state law specifically. But we were, but we screened individuals across the board, you know, by the thousands, thousands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=806.812,897.47"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Now this was funded federally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=897.47,899.99"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=899.99,900.846"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Funds came out of Washington, down here, state health department, and down to your crews in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=900.846,908.502"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's exactly right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=908.502,909.678"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=909.678,910.966"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And so did people didn't have to sign a consent or you didn't have to get their permission? They were required to do it by law?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=910.966,919.574"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, no, except, as I pointed out, Alabama, now that was a different bag of cash. There was a law requiring it, but you had to sell it. It was not required. So individuals, although we sold it, they did not have to participate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=919.574,942.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did you do to sell it? How would you approach people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=942.84,950.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you put out a good bit of information in paper and through local organizations on and on about what it was and what they needed to do in order to find out, in effect. And then you take it from there. We didn't really have that much of a problem selling it to people, really, not in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=950.49,983.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I wondered if you might have some resistance from some people and what their reasoning was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=983.86,989.964"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, some just, if they indeed decided they did not want to, it was nothing in law that required them to do so. You just had to do a selling job. And if you sold a member of the family, for example, they sold the other members of that family. You know, you didn't have to stand over them with a stake, but, you know, you did a selling job on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=989.964,1025.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I imagine the repercussions of one partner in a marriage was positive and it was a surprise to the other. There would be some difficulties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1025.41,1038.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, that happened, certainly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1038.1,1040.612"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever get stuck in the middle of those things?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1040.612,1043.724"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, but, you know, you had to proceed with whatever was necessary and, you know, you referred them to either treatment center or to the doctor. They take it from there. And if it created a problem within the family, you know, that's too bad because it did happen. Not tremendously frequent, but it did happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1043.724,1082.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you think of any situations in which you felt endangered by the job that you did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1082.49,1090.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not really. Today. Now, that would be a different story, I think. But in those days it was not really a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1090.29,1102.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And in those days too, you may not have been involved in this part of it, but with the tertiary syphilis, they were treating some of those cases with malaria, with, especially in Milledgeville and other places, they'd had some success with giving people with tertiary syphilis, malaria and the high fevers were thought to help them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1102.69,1128.39"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That kind of crap went out about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1128.39,1131.75"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e 1950, so that had already stopped by the time you started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1131.75,1137.52"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, penicillin became the treatment of choice. There wasn't any question about that. First place, it was far, far easier. And in those days, even a 1.2 million dose of would cure an individual in one shot. Now that changed over time as they became more resistant to it. I guess you'd say it just required treatment over a period of two weeks or whatever. So, yeah, it wasn't that kind of a proposition in those days. You had to sell it. For example, when I worked in Louisiana, among other things, while I worked out of the state office there as well as in New Orleans, proper clinic situation, I did a lot of work with charity hospital there, 3100 beds, whatever have you. I found some physicians that were still treating with the old malaria. You couldn't believe that. And that was in 19, I'm not sure, 51. Well, of course, I got, of course, Doctor Dennis Groom, who was the chairman of the state program, and I went over there. He stopped that crap before he could turn around. People got on board with the modern day. They liked doing it because it took forever. They treated them for two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1137.52,1265.796"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Wow. And when you went into a state, how were you received by the state health department?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1265.796,1274.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I was assigned there and they welcomed it. So, yeah, it was not, it was kind of a negotiated process, but there was never any question. In fact, they welcomed you because it meant an extra pair of hands to do a job that they were not doing or couldn't do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1274.61,1300.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't have the resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1300.74,1302.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in some instances, that's correct, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1302.5,1307.1"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever run into a situation where a state had a shortage of penicillin or by that time was there plenty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1307.1,1315.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't. I don't believe so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1315.74,1321.67"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, in the forties they. There was quite a problem with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1321.67,1325.254"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1325.254,1326.102"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e In the forties there was quite a problem with a shortage of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1326.102,1329.902"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah. Well, of course, during the war, penicillin wasn't that readily available. It wasn't really that mass produced until somewhat later. But when they got into a real mass production of that, the availability was not really that much of a problem. And in fact, you could buy it. Well, we bought it on contract, of course. I bought many a vial, ten cc vial of penicillin at $0.25. You can't believe that, but I bought thousands of dollars of it at 25. So it's a vial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1329.902,1373.328"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I can remember the dose of penicillin in 1946. After the war, the tablets were 5000 units and they were not very expensive. But a million dose units didn't really come available until 48, 45.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1373.328,1390.536"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Somewhere along in there, about 50, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1390.536,1393.216"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e All of a sudden the dosage in the bottles went way up. The tablets on 45, 46 were 5,000,500.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1393.216,1401.588"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, you could buy ten cc, just like I said. Ten cc. Wow. I bought a million one at $0.25. That was on a big contract. Now, individual physicians were not buying it at $0.25. They may have been paying $2 or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1401.588,1426.73"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So. And you would have had to use those glass syringes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1426.73,1432.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1432.37,1433.426"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That was pretty standard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1433.426,1434.794"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And. Well, to screen, you mean? Oh, yeah, we use vacuum tubes. I've used regular ones with just a tube. He had a needle that you could clip on to the tube and he just. I taken a few thousand bloods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1434.794,1467.646"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I was going to ask if you ever escalated. I bet you were pretty good at it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1467.646,1475.086"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you had to get good and do something out of, you know, the ones that you hated was these big fat, big fat arms. That big boy, you'd have to go forever with little tiny veins sometimes. Yeah. Yeah, I've taken them with veins in the head and everything else. Heels, you name it, we've been there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1475.086,1504.406"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Wow. Now, who was the director of CDC when you started?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1504.406,1513.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know, Larry. I'm trying to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1513.98,1518.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it fondelier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1518.46,1521.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. Vandelier had been head of public health service. As far as I know, he was never at CDC. Good lord, I can see him right now. Then Larry Smith came later, then before Dave Sensei.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1521.02,1547.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, Jim Goddard was right before God.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1547.4,1549.488"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I couldn't think of Goddard's name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1549.488,1550.984"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Goddard was when I came and he'd been here. He came about 63, just about the time you came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1550.984,1556.928"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's exactly right, because I methadore, met Goddard when he was in North Carolina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1556.928,1563.43"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1563.43,1566.55"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's where he got some field experience. But I was in North Carolina at that time and met him there. Among other things, I don't know. I recruited and trained an awful lot of individuals who wound up in fearse significant roles or responsibility in everything from Louisiana to Arkansas. Had two or three people in the regional offices right here. Ken Latimer, for example, whom you knew. I recruited Ken Latimer when I was in Arkansas way back when, and Jerry Spike and all that. I recruited Jerry out of Michigan when I was working in Michigan. So I recruited people every state I was in about 18 or 20 a year. So I visited colleges in the state in which I was working at least twice a year interviewing individuals. And I wound up with people. Well, in North Carolina I hired about 20 a year. Michigan a few less than that. About twelve, I guess. But Arkansas, seven, eight. Yeah. A lot of the people whom I worked with in other capacities later on came out of that kind of recruitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1566.55,1678.83"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And what kind of people were you looking for? What kind of background?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1678.83,1689.83"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, generally you were looking for people who were able or capable of adjusting to what it is in public health. And you weren't looking for someone specific to accounting or, you know, things of that kind. Look at people who had a general background in education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1689.83,1725.92"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e There were so few schools of public health then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1725.92,1729.176"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1729.176,1730.04"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e There were so few schools of public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1730.04,1733.48"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes, there were fewer at that time, although North Carolina had a school of public health at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1733.48,1741.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e But Johns Hopkins, I'm sorry, Johns Hopkins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1741.8,1747.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e But they were all aiming at college graduates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1747.41,1752.098"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1752.098,1753.386"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Medical background strongly preferred. When I looked at my classmates at Harvard in 65 and what was coming out of there, they were 90% docs already, nurses, PhD laboratorians were there for that. They were nothing. Bringing out generalists, which is what he.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1753.386,1773.828"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e True.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1773.828,1777.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e When you started, how many of you were there in your class of public health advisors? How many in your group?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1777.06,1787.5"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well when I first started there was only about six or seven of us, period. And then that, you know, changed fairly quickly and until you got assigned two states to help run a statewide program and next thing you know you were recruiting additional individuals for additional states. So at that time there were only a half dozen of us in states at that time and then that changed quickly over time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1787.5,1828.276"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So when you recruited people in a state, were they expected to stay there in their own?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1828.276,1833.316"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh no, we expected them. We trained them for twelve months and kicked them out elsewhere. They'd go to other states wherever they were signed and if they couldn't make it, kiss them goodbye. It's just that simple. So you have to be a little bit careful about whom you recruited and how you train, when you train. And you really did work with them monthly, not just, you know, the first go round, you did it for monthly, for twelve months, you know what I'm talking about. So you felt comfortable about them being knowledgeable enough to work elsewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1833.316,1882.52"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e What percentage would you say were men compared to women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1882.52,1887.56"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, 99% were men. Sure. Seldom had a woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1887.56,1897.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think that was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1897.72,1901.17"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Partly because of the way we recruited, I guess. And we did not have women to apply in the colleges where we were recruiting. So you went through, of course, the employment process in colleges is where you interviewed. You just didn't have women to apply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1901.17,1927.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I wondered if it had to do with women's perception of the program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1927.41,1932.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I'm sure that's probably true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1932.53,1938.33"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So you did that, you did recruiting and you did screening for venereal diseases for how long?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1938.33,1947.33"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, until like 13 years. Yeah, until I came to headquarters at CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1947.33,1953.922"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And what made you decide to do that? Or how did that change? How did that change come about in your job? Why did you come to headquarters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1953.922,1964.758"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e They recruited me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1964.758,1966.71"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And who was they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1966.71,1969.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well actually Bill Watson and Harry Hugo that recruited me. And Dave sensor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1969.95,1983.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, he was in the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1983.22,1984.74"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yeah, Dave at that time was heading up immunization. No, that's right. I worked Dave for a short time. Okay, then Bob, he recruited Bob Freckleton, doctor Freckle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=1984.74,2004.7"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Freckleton, yeah, Bob Freckleton.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2004.7,2009.49"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And so then, yeah, I worked with Dave Hunter. Dave for a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2009.49,2016.466"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you work with him though, when he was in Columbus?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2016.466,2019.89"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I did not. Okay, I knew he was in Columbus. Columbus, but I never, no, I never worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2019.89,2026.37"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He was principally venereal disease and other things down there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2026.37,2032.114"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely, yeah, yeah. He was from Michigan, many people don't know it, but you know, Dave sensor went to medical school, University of Mississippi for a couple years. Did you know that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2032.114,2047.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh sure. You know why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2047.41,2050.05"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Couldn't get in elsewhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2050.05,2052.69"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he wasn't accepted because he had tb and he couldn't get into a normal school. And then the war came along also interrupted some of his education. So if you look at his cv in the EIS directory, because he's an honorary, you will see that he actually didn't get his MD degree till like ten years later. The school ordered him one. Oh yeah, he has a very colorful history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2052.69,2079.682"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2079.682,2080.666"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He was hospitalized and I don't know exactly where he was hospitalized with because you know, in the late fifties, if you had a diagnosis of my mother in law, went through the same procedure, she had the same. You sent to a sanitarium someplace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2080.666,2097.448"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2097.448,2097.856"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Disappeared maybe a year, maybe two years because they didn't really know how to treat it. That's what happened to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2097.856,2108.84"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I interviewed James Steele.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2108.84,2110.88"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, good. He's got a lot to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2110.88,2115.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well it was a three hour interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2115.19,2117.366"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And, and you've got his book, hopefully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2117.366,2119.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2119.35,2119.854"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2119.854,2120.502"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e But his, his first wife had tb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2120.502,2122.726"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yep, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2122.726,2123.638"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And subsequently died of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2123.638,2125.51"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it was common. Yeah, we grew up with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2125.51,2130.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. So, okay, so 1963. And you came in 65.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2130.35,2137.462"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I came in 65, but it's this interface of how you came to field, you came to house, you then moved into administration because when I knew you, you were money supervisor for Freckleton. Freckleton was a glad handler and he went out and did the political stuff, but he had to then get Kirby and you to help him handle a very complex money situation with the money coming down by grants from Washington to go to the 50 states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2137.462,2171.64"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And among those things I made a sale of being able to get physicians in the field. And when I was proposed this to the folks in epi, they said, oh, this can work, and all this other stuff, I said, well let's try one. Put a guy, recruited an MD, put him in Puerto Rico for a year or two. They bought, they ate it up. They realized then it was not a problem, that they thought it was going to be a problem. And golly, Alex. And what was his deputy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2171.64,2233.312"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e His deputy was Bob Corder, veterinarian. When I came in 65, his deputy before that was probably DA Henderson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2233.312,2243.232"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e DA is who I was thinking about. Da. And he bought that thing like this. And so we started recruiting, I had the money recruiting individuals, physicians that we put in the field. We wound up eventually with about 18 or 20, as you know. So we had them all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2243.232,2273.59"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, this gets really complex because of this. And that's why I wanted to get in and talk to you while he's still around. When I got here in 65, it was just essentially you and Frankleton that were getting the money for the immunization support that was then going by grants to states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2273.59,2297.79"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2297.79,2299.062"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And Alex approached me in January of 66 and said, look, last year we had 4 million cases of measles in this country, and 500 kids died, as did the year before. And this is an airborne disease. Alex had a strong interest in controlling measles, sir. He also wanted to build the epidemiology programs in the state. So he said, I was already his chief EIS officer for six months. And he says, what do you want to do next year? I said, alex, I want out of your administration in your office. You and Corter do fine, but you don't do what I want to do. I want to do the field work, and I'd like to build the epi side in the field with you. And he says, okay, that's good. Help me recruit an officer to replace you as a chief EIS officer. I said, I got the man for you. Mike Gregg had come in to interview them. Mike didn't want to do any work in the field. He wanted to be a headquarter, headquarters, an academic, and that was it. So he agreed to take that job. And then I didn't hear anything about it until I was at a meeting with John Witte came down. He was at school of Public Health at that time. He came down and he met with me and says, we're going to go have a meeting with Freckleton with you, Langmuir, Witty, your deputy at that time, the guy who just died last year, and myself, the six of us. And we had a meeting in Alex's office. As I recall, the old office of the building is being knocked down now. And this is what was proposed. The reason I was involved at that time, I was chief EIS officer. We talked about the budget, and they wanted to budget for 20 new officers to the field between and I was to recruit them as the extra EIS officers. And in order to get them to go, the class had already been picked by January or February for EIs class class by that time, and at that time, only 10% of class of class of 20 the is officers, only about one or two would go to states. Alex says, I want all 20. I want to get 20 extra officers, we will designate them ahead of time and let them pick which states they want to go to. If your budget with you and Bob.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2299.062,2454.75"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Freckleton, we put it up. That's all right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2454.75,2456.838"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Put up the money and you put up the money. And we had to get office space. Well, fortunately, building b was being erected about that time right next to the fifth floor there, which is where our offices were. And that came open, available in the summer of 66. We moved into that b wing down there and became an interesting combined program on the administrative paper, which they've censored. Love sensor was part of all this deliberation. We, John Witty and I, were running what was called. It was the same group of people, but we were in two places. We were the immunization medical branch, sort of for you guys in immunization, and we were the field services branch in epidemiology with a dotted line between the two, which drove Washington nuts because they didn't understand where it was going to go. But it was a good combination. The six of us that was in 66 had this office complex with Ewan Freckleton and your third guy, who I know will remember the name in a minute, and John Witte and I. And then we got George Hardy to come in to help us out on the. That side of the office. And worked well for five years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2456.838,2541.738"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yep. And a little bit later and I don't remember, I don't know whether you were aware of this or not, Dave since had been called a way to work, I'm not sure, on some temporary thing for several months. At any rate. John Bagby was his assistant at that time. And the ePi program had no money. They were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2541.738,2576.984"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2576.984,2577.936"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e They had cut them off in Washington. John Bagby and I went to Washington. I said, I got $300,000 we will put in to Gi. I mean, who called in the field epidemiology officer. That's exactly right. So we sold it in Washington. That's the only thing that saved Eppe. Alex Langmuir came to me later after this happened. He said, don't you want to take on that epic program? I said, absolutely not. It belongs where it is. And I don't. I don't want to take it on. But I'm the one who. John Bagby and I are the one who sold it and saved that Daggone program. I dug up $300,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2577.936,2646.21"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I heard you were. You managed the money and that. It was very complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2646.21,2651.706"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, dear. Yeah. Every state had their own bloody grant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2651.706,2655.882"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2655.882,2656.442"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And each state decided to do it differently. And his desk every month had those bloody grants coming in there that had to be reviewed, changed, pushed forward. Yeah. Heralds was just inundated with paper. When did the first immunization money come to CDC? It must have been there 63, four, something like that before I got there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2656.442,2681.424"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2681.424,2683.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e But at that time, it was not measles money, it was DPT and polio, was it not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2683.8,2688.616"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2688.616,2689.256"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Something like that. When did the measles money come in? 64 or five, something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2689.256,2693.816"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Something in there? 65, 66? I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2693.816,2696.576"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember the size of the money? Granted, that first came in there for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2696.576,2699.964"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Immunization, we only had a few million dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2699.964,2703.124"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2703.124,2704.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And then went to about eight the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2704.22,2706.476"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Year that I got there. Six to 8,000,065. 66. Yeah. Because the vaccine was costing us, started out at dose, but when we started buying million, 4 million doses at a time every year, the price went down. The lowest, I remember was down about nine or ten cents a dose of. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2706.476,2729.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e So, yeah, that was. Yeah, it was a time we had to fight and scratch and do a few other things to keep that program alive. Really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2729.01,2744.002"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e It sounds like you changed history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2744.002,2746.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2746.57,2747.618"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We did keep it alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2747.618,2749.666"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Along the way, other things came. For instance, the ACIP, the advisory committee on immunization practices, started coming down to CDC to meet with you and I and John and Langmuir and then the staff of epidemiology at that time who were doing measles was Gerothi Califiori and Bob Warren. They were the. In Alex's organization. By the time I got there in 65, there was bacterial disease division by Brockman and there was viral diseases by da Henderson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2749.666,2792.136"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2792.136,2793.4"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And never the twain would meet. When an outbreak occurred, the first thing that went up and down the hall was that viruses or bacteria, what do you think? Because it would have to depend on those. And they both worked in different ways. Brockman was more lab oriented, Henderson was more field oriented, and he was particularly inveigled with smallpox. And then the measles program became both polio DpT and then the measles money and rubella, shortened by 68, which almost destroyed us for other reasons. But the, the emphasis then became almost competitive as to who is going to write the measles surveillance report.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2793.4,2839.918"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2839.918,2840.982"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Dorothy and Bob Warren wrote it in 1965, and that was fine. But all of a sudden that information was useful to all of your grant people in the field. They wanted to know, well, what's diphtheria pertussis? And tetanus, those bacterial diseases and then polio, which is viruses. And then rubella was come. Now we had three of each. Who's going to write the bloody report? Over here, over here. And you found some money and asked John Witte and I to take on working with the ACIP. We started meeting with them and these magazines. I've got a 68 there, May. There was one that came out before this that Bruce dull wrote 66, 67, but it became part of the immunization program at CDC to bring these out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2840.982,2894.616"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yep, absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2894.616,2897.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And so that's the history of how I love to. I'm sorry we didn't make notes every month. 65, 66, 67. Because every month something new came up and I don't want to take away from his thunder because he knows the background of all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2897.12,2917.9"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, of course, at a later time, as you remember, Lyle, we got into influenza and so on. I wound up with a hundred and of one or two individuals in the field. So I did a lot of recruiting in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2917.9,2944.81"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you remember the bigger arguments we had early on in there. We had straight measles vaccine, but all of a sudden the dog kidney vaccine came along and as well as three other kinds. There was one time we had five different licensed measles vaccine in the US and the question came up for you guys, which one are you going to buy with the grant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2944.81,2970.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2970.53,2971.394"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And each one had a different fever. Reaction rate was the biggest thing that worried the physicians in the US. And all of a sudden John Woody then got diverted and our office became okay. He recruited Al whatever his name was and two other EIS officers became established in Atlanta as the vaccine evaluation branch because all of a sudden somebody said, who can tell us what's the best vaccine and what's got the least febrile reactions? Because the physicians in the field, that's where they wanted their grant to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=2971.394,3009.386"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3009.386,3010.01"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, how did you get involved in solving that problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3010.01,3016.18"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't. We got so bogged down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3016.18,3019.06"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, well, the next step, what drove me crazy, you remember we had vaccine committee was meeting in Washington because they decided it was time to review all licensed vaccines in the US because some of them, like the dead measles vaccine, was still on the market in the US. And that had to be something we all looked at and nobody wanted to use it because its vaccine efficacy had never been proved. It was still on the market. Do you remember the guy who was the head of that office up there at FDA because he was instrumental in getting us involved in this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3019.06,3057.906"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I can see him right now because.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3057.906,3060.258"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He came to our meetings and we went to his.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3060.258,3062.466"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely, I can see him right now. But I. He even went to. We went out to trust territories in the Pacific with him. And I'd be dang if I could remember his name. I can see him right now to save me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3062.466,3082.23"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Because all of a sudden your budget had to support John or I going to a meeting every month for the first two or three years of this program, because it was a vaccine evaluation deliberation, and FDA put those out to different university professors to test. And we needed to be there to know that information as soon as it was available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3082.23,3112.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And I remember having developed and. And wrote the labels that went on some of that dang vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3112.8,3123.666"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3123.666,3124.618"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. I was the one who wound up, although they were producing it. So that's how close we had to work with these folks at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3124.618,3135.562"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And your budget supported an enormous amount of travel. The rubella vaccine came in 68. And people said, wait a minute, is it any good? And John had to then go to Hawaii, because in Hawaii, the kids stayed in school until 18, and they all flee to the mainland here to go to college. And so here was an area we could leave kids and follow them for a few years before they left to tell you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3135.562,3160.34"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And it was not done on Oahu, which was the principal island. It was done on the big island. That's right, of Hawaii, where japanese background, they had not been exposed and so on in the same way. So that's where the study was done on the big house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3160.34,3185.958"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3185.958,3187.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e That must have been a hardship to have to live in Hawaii.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3187.95,3194.47"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I had individuals assigned there, our guarantee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3194.47,3198.246"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We had eis assigned there. But mostly they were covered by al summers and the officers that witty had to recruit this group of two or three. And they essentially did case control studies on these vaccines so we could advise the grant people while I was trying to build the epidemiology people in the state health department. So we had an unbelievably chaotic office. In fact, it was so. You'll laugh at this. DA Henderson was someone we had to put up with, and he and his smallpox people had to be given office space. About 1967, maybe. It was 1968, and we were in building b. And I was sent off to the Biafran War. I came back from the war and your offices had been moved from the east side of building b hallway to the west side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3198.246,3254.686"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3254.686,3255.702"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And I walked in and you and John were having a meeting and looked up and been gone three months and they looked up at me and John said, oh my God, we forgot about you in the layout of the new space. I didn't have an office. Oh, your stuff are in these file cabinets and boxes over here in the Cordillera. And he came running to you and said, harold, we're going to solve this problem. You see, this is how chaotic things got in those days. We were growing and trying to respond to unbelievable problems. Wherever they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3255.702,3291.54"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We had lots of them in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3291.54,3293.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, they did push and shove and gave me a place someplace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3293.78,3298.98"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And I'm thinking, you did all this without computers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3298.98,3302.46"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, are you kidding? That's another whole story. But it comes on 20 years later. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3302.46,3307.318"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So I picture you when you were doing this grant manipulation and organization with an adding machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3307.318,3315.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3315.35,3316.302"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3316.302,3323.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I also wanted to know how often and how did you communicate from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3323.11,3328.726"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e The field when you were telephone? Oh yeah, we had a lot by cable and telephone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3328.726,3334.174"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3334.174,3334.482"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e When people in the field we carried phone cards with us that would cover that. We carried GT rs in our pockets for the docs. Anyway, I don't know how, he's public health advisor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3334.482,3346.922"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Some did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3346.922,3349.57"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Government travel requests. When I came in, in 65 we were doing so much travel and in 66 I had 20 out in the field, actually had about 22 that first year. And Alex got everybody with their own GTR so they could go to any airport, anywhere, fill in the blanks and hand it to them. They had to give you an airplane ticket to go someplace because at that time, us on the medical side of things, we used to being told to keep a bag packed, especially as the eis officer because you're on 3 hours notice for leaving. And it happened to us even at the senior level. Dave sensor would call and we'd be in the air in 3 hours. So we had to have our own gtrs. That's just kind of the way it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3349.57,3393.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e It was some tough times, but some fun days too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3393.29,3396.09"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yeah, we actually melded really very well between the years of 66 and 70, 71, because they kept coming up, the rubella vaccine came along. How good is it? Who is it? Well, in 68, Mister Kennedy in Washington, along about this time, I think it was the other Kennedy by this time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3396.09,3420.686"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, back in that he moved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3420.686,3422.454"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Our measles money and got rid of it for a year to fund the rubella program, which you had to put up with because of the young Kennedy girl who got congenital rubella and Washington affected the rest of her life. And we lost the measles money for a year's time. And Bruce Dull and Langmuir and sensor wrote that paper was called the epidemiologic rationale for the control of measles. That came out in about 67, and that was censored. Dahl and Langmuir, that was what we're going to do to control the measles. Well, one year later, when our measles money disappeared, measles went. Because it's very infectious. That's why Alex loved it. And our money went to buy the rubella vaccine. So I said, woody, I want to write a paper on that. And I did. It was called the epidemiologic rationale for the failure to eradicate measles. And it was by Conrad Wallace, that was the second one, Conrad Wallace and Wittezen. And we published that without clearing it through the front office. And sensor went, whoa, right through the ceiling. But we got the measles money and stated the next year, because measles went back to killing kids in the US. So it was that kind of, that was a rollicking years of the CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3422.454,3514.464"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Growth and during some of that time made some films that had never been made before for tetanus and all this sort of stuff. And I. I had copies of that somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3514.464,3529.542"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Of the films.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3529.542,3530.518"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah. I don't know whether I still. I don't know. I might be able to dig some.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3530.518,3539.414"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Of your old records, Harold. We like some people and years and names. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3539.414,3544.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e But, yeah. Made two or three films that had never been made, which was unbelievable, you know, at that time. Who made two or three? Made two or three films there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3544.25,3558.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And it was about diphtheria and other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3558.61,3562.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And tetanus. I don't know. And where were they used in the field? Despite the fact that that kind of thing had been around for many years, people still needed to know about it as new people came on, you know. So we made films and used them to good advantage, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3562.61,3595.35"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e What was included in the films? Did you have someone talking about the disease or.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3595.35,3600.974"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3600.974,3602.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e But did you ever show cases, children affected with them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3602.95,3611.15"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I can't be sure. It was mostly background and whatever. Have you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3611.15,3618.686"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I wondered if privacy would affect what you were able to include like it does now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3618.686,3626.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't think we would have had that much of a problem, but I don't recall us doing that. But we made films about the disease itself and we showed photos of it and all of that kind of stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3626.42,3651.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember the 6th man I'm trying to remember is Jack Kirby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3651.19,3654.614"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah. Jack six.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3654.614,3656.95"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e And the reason it came to me, is listening right there. And I'm sorry, I'm talking too much here, but you remember when Aaron Ishmach of the military invented his bloody Pettite gun and your budgets began buying petto jets for the field, automatic field injecting vaccine, injective guns. And we had to have a unit for teaching and cleaning and showing people how to do it. So you hired Tom Kimmel and he set up this mechanics office there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3656.95,3690.456"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Good lord.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3690.456,3691.2"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, he's still up in the mountains. But he became instrumental then because when da heard about these guns, 67, they asked me that I was teaching gun mechanics with Kimmel and how to clean these things in the field because DA wanted to take them to West Africa, and he did. When they had both Pettit as well as electric jets, they came out in two forms, by hydraulic foot pump and by the electric guns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3691.2,3722.128"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we bought a lot of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3722.128,3723.648"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We bought a lot of them came out of the budgets here because the state health departments, you know, when you want to vaccinate a school or a community for measles to catch them up, this now becomes available by federal grant. You could line up a thousand people a day and you could needle and syringe. You drive yourself nuts trying to run the clay. Yeah, but these guns, 1 second as people walk by, well, about 5 seconds/second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3723.648,3748.634"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Pop a moment on the shoulders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3748.634,3751.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e But people like Tom Kimmel were important. Had to buy them. These things break down. We had to ship them, you had to maintain them, you had to clean them, sterilize them, and then teach people. If public health advisors would run clinics in the field without doctors and nurses necessarily around, because you could do it those days with ketchup, especially rubella and measles. So there were these kinds of things going on behind the scenes that I'm delighted we had a chance to talk a bit about this. I want him to talk, though, instead of me. What we did between 66 and 69, it changed every bloody month. The grant money would go up, one would go down. We'd have to emphasize this. Now we're back over here. The polio vaccine first came out dead, then became live polio vaccine. We had to add these. Then they said, well, how many of these can we put together? You know, you can put measles and rubella in one, but can you add, how about chicken pox or something else? And so we had to do combined studies. So John Witte and the vaccine testing unit under Gee, a whole series of young guys came in there and would run it for two or three years, and then they would go back to academic medicine that was going on in the office. You guys are taking care of the public health advisors. And I was part of it, but I was putting the general epidemiologist, 20 a year, out in state health departments, all working together in a really kind of a chaotic. That's why we took up fifth floor, south wing of that building, and we could fill the place pretty quickly. And we're teaching every time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3751.53,3854.618"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we had some tough times. We had some good times, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3854.618,3860.19"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they said, you're going to have some national immunization meetings. We started doing that, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3860.19,3864.894"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3864.894,3866.11"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We had to go out and meet with all the state epidemiologists once a year when they argued about the definition of a case of measles. When John and I took over from Bob Warren and Dorothy Califiori, the measles surveillance, first fall, we went out, I went out to somewhere in the west coast, meet with a state epidemiologist and said, how do you guys define a case of measles? And we did a survey. Case of measles was defined 16 different ways in the states, whether or not with fever, whether or not with fever, for how long a rash or not, a sore throat, runny eyes, snarls, cough. And we found out measles in Massachusetts wasn't the same measles in California, because Nick Fiomara, you remember him, he was pain in the ass all the time up in Massachusetts. He wasn't going to believe anybody else. And California had one of the biggest problems because of the population size, and Texas wouldn't do anything with anybody. And John and I, we finally broke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3866.11,3926.706"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That one down in Texas, but it took time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3926.706,3929.322"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Texas had three or four different grants at one time when I came in here. Oh, yeah, big cities each had their own. They wouldn't work with anybody else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3929.322,3938.41"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And the interesting thing is we had to put it in the back door in Texas. I remember very well working with a guy, physician out of Houston, that we put it in the back door. And when that thing over the state health director's body, really, we got it in and got it done. And when he retired, he named this as one of his greatest achievements. He fought us from day one. I live and forget him taking big credit for this thing, and we had to do it over his dead body. As a matter of fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3938.41,3992.782"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e As a matter of fact, Ms. Dickerson was the guy, the state epidemiologist there. And we noticed that 90% of the polio in 66 was along the border in Texas with Mexico, and I'd go out with Jack Kirby and review that grant out there. And we said, well, now are you doing it? He says, Conrad, when am I going to convince you that you guys in Atlanta, I got to forget about all of Texas is south of San Antonio. That ain't Texas. That's Mexico. And so we worry about that part of Texas north of that bell. And that was his attitude in that state from year one until he retired about ten years later. We couldn't control polio along that border, what, five years? Yeah, we put separate people down there. We would work with the counties. We work with them quietly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=3992.782,4048.72"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And the state health department convinced one or two health officers down along that border, and we got it in there despite what he wanted to do. But it took some time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4048.72,4062.778"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It took some time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4062.778,4063.898"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We had to do a little sneaking. Sneaking, I guess you'd call it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4063.898,4073.25"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So you did that by convincing a couple of health officers down in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4073.25,4078.224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4078.224,4080.08"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And did they then not report what was happening back to the state?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4080.08,4086.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure in some ways there was information exchanged, but no, they had a problem, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4086.12,4094.568"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4094.568,4098.12"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. The state health office in San Antonio became a friend of ours in this process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4098.12,4103.059"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4103.059,4104.003"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e He would invite the is officer in Texas down to help out with measles and polio control down there very quietly. And later on, when we got. They had a. Phil Andrigan was one of the guys in the vaccine unit who then went in there when he heard about the childhood lead poisoning down there because they had an open smeller, smelting lead in San Antonio. And this health officer invited Landergan down to do a study, and he did. He went down and he did a second study, and it was clear the smelter was pouring out lead. And Landrigan's study was published that this is a problem. And the environmental health people came in and shut down the smeller and made him put their baghouse up and modernized the place. I mean, this was done because of the power of that good state health office. That local health officer. Yeah. In San Antonio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4104.003,4163.285"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. He was top flight guy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4163.285,4164.845"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And he was not supported at all by his whole state health officer. This thing going on down there. Yeah, they were. It's a funny state. Still is today, I'm sure. I haven't been there in years. Well, you were out there talking to Jim Steele. Excuse me, I'm talking to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4164.845,4179.973"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I was thinking, I talked to the health officer from the first EIs class who was assigned to Texas. He's from Louisiana, and he figures they assigned him to Texas because he spoke the language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4179.973,4194.018"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I remember that phrase. Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4194.018,4196.426"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And he said that they didn't want him there and he had to just sort of work his way in gradually. But he did. His name was Malcolm Denley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4196.426,4206.578"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Malcolm Denley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4206.578,4208.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e He was in Texas for two years and he had a map drawn of all the places he went many times, up and down all the roads, and he'd be home on the weekends and that was just about it. But he'd get calls for smallpox often, and he said it was always chicken pox, but he still had to go. And he did. Tularemia, psittacosis, just everything. But he had some handwritten notes of his investigations that he gave us that he took, and he would look up the disease that he was having to go investigate before he left and take notes. So he still had those notes and then he had these hand drawn epi outbreak curves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4208.65,4268.008"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4268.008,4268.784"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And so that was pretty amazing that he saved all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4268.784,4275.8"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a time of us trying to work with states that sometimes didn't want help. And it was. A lot of this was broken down because of Harold's work with the state grants. When the state grant money came out of Washington, wouldn't it automatically be parceled into 50 piles, one for each state herald?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4275.8,4297.13"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we. We, in fact, helped to make a decision about the quantity and otherwise they had eligibility, but they had to meet certain requirements for us to make those grants to support them and to the level in which it was supported. So. Oh, yeah, we had a wheel of. Lot of influence on what went on, had to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4297.13,4328.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did you base your decisions on? Who got what amount?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4328.93,4335.89"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you can't take x million dollars and just decide that of the 48 states or 50 states, you're going to divide it 50 ways. There were lots of criteria, the level of disease control as well as the diseases themselves, as to what priority they may receive, as well as population, among other things. So there were a good number of factors involved in what you did and how you did it, because it wouldn't do any good to just give somebody money if they were not going to be able to use it properly or.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4335.89,4386.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e If they wouldn't use it. Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4386.02,4388.644"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4388.644,4391.22"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Was any of the money misappropriately used that was awarded for immunization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4391.22,4397.36"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e We really didn't. We always had an excellent report from the individuals monitoring this, so, no, we really didn't have any. Dang.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4397.36,4417.784"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e We were audited every year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4417.784,4419.744"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4419.744,4420.304"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Somebody came down. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4420.304,4423.45"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e The audits that we. We always got an excellent report out of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4423.45,4429.058"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm guessing that's because of your work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4429.058,4431.394"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we had to manage that. Made it, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4431.394,4435.778"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Harold and Jack Kirby, principally the two people driving this six to $10 million budget every year, keeping track of it. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4435.778,4446.378"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e That must have been more than a full time job. He must have been working all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4446.378,4450.498"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we worked a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4450.498,4454.05"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we also had money in there for the territories, which we haven't even begun to mention yet. Oh, no, territories were part of it. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico. A really good guy. Way out in the Pacific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4454.05,4467.65"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yeah, we had Guam and trust territories out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4467.65,4471.082"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4471.082,4472.53"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e They had people out there, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4472.53,4474.266"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. And people were assigned it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4474.266,4477.78"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e And work in Alaska is quite different than working in south Georgia, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4477.78,4484.02"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. No roads. You'd have to fly everywhere, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4484.02,4490.716"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e In Alaska, like boat and canoe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4490.716,4492.628"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4492.628,4495.86"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e When did the adverse event reporting come? Come in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4495.86,4501.61"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry. Now, adverse events almost immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4501.61,4505.666"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4505.666,4506.314"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4506.314,4507.042"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e That came along with. It became an issue when we had those five. That year of 67, we had five different measles vaccine on the market. And from the. We reviewed the stuff. Technically, John and I did. What did we think was the best one, but what we thought didn't carry any weight. Somebody wanted the facts, and I said, in order to do that, we got to do studies that includes febrile reactions, rash for a week after you get the vaccine and things like that. And that adverse reaction rate studies came right along. There was started in 67. It might have been part of the early polio stuff. In 62, three, four. But I don't remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4507.042,4554.29"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I was wondering, too, the cutter incident was in 1955.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4554.29,4558.362"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4558.362,4559.898"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e So I imagine that had quite an influence over the program, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4559.898,4564.93"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I'm sure it did. I don't know the details of how it was changed. Most of that by 55 wasn't run out of CDC. In fact, in 55, none of it was run out of CDC. I think all of that was run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4564.93,4580.068"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eB:\u003c/strong\u003e Out of Washington about that time, for the most part. That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4580.068,4583.94"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4583.94,4584.42"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eC:\u003c/strong\u003e And when you say Washington, do you mean NIH or no food and drugs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4584.42,4590.988"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eA:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, they were probably doing it through a different kind of a mechanism. Because at 55, you were focused on VDTB, principally here at CDC, and malaria and control areas was still going on. Yeah. Winding down in 55.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453#t=4590.988,4610.488"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2843/collection_resources/132674/file/247453/transcript/68964/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/964/original/transcript_1765820479.vtt20251215-2593616-3bstkf.vtt20251215-2593616-3bstkf?1765820479","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/068/964/original/transcript_1765820479.vtt20251215-2593616-3bstkf.vtt20251215-2593616-3bstkf?1765820479"}]}]}]}