{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/w37kp7wm2x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Simonds, R.J."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["12802"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. 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[Robert James]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=0.0,6.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simonds. Today's date is July 12, 2018, and we are in Atlanta, Georgia, at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. I am interviewing Dr. Simonds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=12.0,17.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of the oral history project The Early Years of AIDS: CDC's Response to a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=17.0,23.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Historic Epidemic, the PEPFAR years. We are here to discuss your experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=23.0,28.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the early years of CDC's work on PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=28.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for AIDS Relief. Dr. Simonds, do I have your permission to interview you and to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=33.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"record this interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=39.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=40.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: I've worked for you and with you since the very early days of PEPFAR,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=42.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"R.J., and it's a pleasure to be able to reflect on this with you today. During","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=48.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your career at CDC, you've had a leadership role in many different aspects of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=54.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention, both domestically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=59.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand internationally. For","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=61.0,62.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today's interview, we'll focus on your work on prevention of mother-to-child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=62.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission, or PMTCT, that began pre-PEPFAR, and then your positions leading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=67.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the implementation of PEPFAR. Let's begin with your background. Would you tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=72.0,77.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me about where you grew up, your early family life, and then where you ended up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=77.0,84.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=84.0,85.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Sure. Thank you, Bess. I grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=85.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a suburb of Pittsburgh [Mount Lebanon], where my parents moved when we were very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=90.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young children. I grew up in a family of initially five, and then we had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=96.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foster brother move in with us to make a sixth child. It was a busy and very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=103.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"educationally oriented family, in a school district that was competitive and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=110.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really brought the best out of its students. I went from there to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=115.0,121.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=121.0,122.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Pittsburgh for one year. One of the areas that I was interested in in high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=122.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school was Chinese, and I went on to begin to study Chinese in Pittsburgh. After","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=128.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one year in school at the University of Pittsburgh, I decided it was time to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=134.0,140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of town. I transferred as far away as I could find at the moment, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=140.0,146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the University of California at Berkeley. I drove across country in order to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=146.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continue my Chinese studies there. When I got there, I realized that all they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=151.0,156.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were teaching was classical Chinese, which didn't have any interest to me. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=156.0,161.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended up quickly changing my major to geography, because I'd seen what a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=161.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful country the United States was on the way out. I graduated with a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=166.0,171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"degree in geography, which I think appealed to me at the time as being a way of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=171.0,177.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at patterns of things, how the Earth becomes what it is and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=177.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=182.0,183.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"humans interact with the Earth at a population level. I believe (it) piqued my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=183.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest eventually in epidemiology as another way of looking at patterns of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=189.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What did you do next? Where did medicine and medical school come in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=195.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were there doctors in your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=201.0,204.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: There were no doctors in my family, except my older brother became a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=204.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor, so there now is one other doctor in the family. Both of my parents were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=210.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English majors, which ended up being more important than I realized at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=217.0,223.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there was no history of that (medicine) in my family. To me, it emerged in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=223.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather circuitous way. After graduating with a degree in geography, which I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=230.0,235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realized did not really lead to very many jobs, I wanted to re-pursue my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=235.0,241.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=241.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nChinese. I went to Taiwan to study Chinese and teach English for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=242.0,247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period of time. Back then, when you traveled internationally, you bought a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=247.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student ticket that had defined start dates and end dates, and although I liked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=252.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my time there, I had to come back on a certain date. I came back to Pittsburgh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=258.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drove a taxi, which actually did use my geography skills, and earned enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=265.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money to return to Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=270.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On my way to Taiwan, though, I stopped over at the University of Hawaii to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=272.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attend summer school in linguistics, which had become an interest, having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=278.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studied languages. That's important for a couple of reasons. One, one of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=282.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courses I took was neurolinguistics, the interface between the brain and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=287.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language. That was my first introduction to the human body and the inner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=291.0,296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"workings of the human body. It also introduced me to my wife, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=296.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=302.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important for the whole rest of my life. In terms of getting me from geography","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=302.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to medicine, it was the link with neurolinguistics that then led me to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=309.0,316.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to school to study something that I thought I could get a job in, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=316.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing EEG [electroencephalogram] technology, measuring--being the person who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=323.0,327.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"puts electrodes on your head to measure brain waves. That was interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=327.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the neuro side of it, but it also got me into hospitals for the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=332.0,340.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time and that exposed me to the world of medicine. At some point, whereas before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=340.0,347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd perceived doctors as a different species of people, I realized I could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=347.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably do that. It ended up that I was working as an EEG technologist back in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=353.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii because my wife ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=360.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncontinued her schooling in Hawaii. I ended up going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=362.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the University of Hawaii School of Medicine because we were living there and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=366.0,372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I had been introduced through my EEG world to there (University of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=372.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii). That got me into medical school, which was--because of all the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=378.0,383.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circuitous pathways, I was an older student. I realized that that was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=383.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"useful, because rather than being out doing the mating game, I could be studying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=389.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and raising our son and being very diligent with my studies to get through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=395.0,401.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=401.0,402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: That's fascinating. How (did you get) the international bug, wanting to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=402.0,407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study Chinese and go to China? Just deep within, were there refugee grandparents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=407.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Thank you, no. No refugee grandparents. My parents were very liberal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=413.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and open-minded. We were in a community where--this was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=418.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe 1960's when there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=422.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a lot of social activism. My parents were involved in a lot of the social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=424.0,431.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movements at the time. In particular, there was a lot of interface with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=431.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international groups through our church and some exposure to the international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=437.0,442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. I think the Chinese studies actually came from the offering of Chinese in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=442.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my high school by a former French teacher who was there. He was a very likable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=449.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very impressive teacher. I took Chinese in order to study from Mr. [Arthur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=456.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A.] Manion, who was the French teacher. It was a rather serendipitous move into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=463.0,470.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=470.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: That's just incredible. After med school, what happened next?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=471.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: During medical school I came across the opportunity--I came across an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=476.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advertisement in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=482.0,483.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnewspaper or a magazine for doing an elective at CDC. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=483.0,488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could do a student elective at CDC. I said, that's interesting; I think I'll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=488.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apply for that. I actually came to CDC when I was a senior in medical school. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=494.0,502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spent two months, first in the Division of Viral Diseases, working with trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=502.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do some analysis of Kawasaki's disease. Then I got involved in--there was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=508.0,514.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outbreak investigation opportunity, so I was able to be an active participant in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=514.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. It turned out to not--unlike most of the outbreaks that took you to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=520.0,526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far-flung places, this was an outbreak in Atlanta, but it was an interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=526.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in daycare centers in Atlanta. I got to see both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=532.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mechanics of outbreaks, also some of the politics and sensitivities of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=538.0,543.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndealing with diarrhea in wealthy communities and how that gets addressed and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=543.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of those issues. It was from that that I realized that this is fun, being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=549.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"able to do investigative-type work and solve problems. It was not lost on me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=557.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the lifestyle of an epidemiologist, at least at that time, did not involve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=564.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night call, and it had a relatively defined day. That turned out to not be the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=571.0,579.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"case later on, but at the time, that was an appealing factor as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=579.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With that as the backdrop, I decided I wanted to work at CDC. I wanted to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=586.0,594.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the EIS [Epidemic Intelligence Service] program, but I also realized that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=594.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to have some sort of clinical background. Having already had one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=600.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=606.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others on the way, I decided to go into pediatrics to get a background in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=607.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pediatrics before moving into public health. I did four years of pediatrics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=616.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"residency, with an eye towards wanting to end up at CDC. I was fortunate in that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=622.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was able to make that leap to CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=631.0,636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Wow. Your preparation for CDC almost has a biblical proportion. Very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=636.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impressive. Then, you came to CDC, and this is 1990. By then over 100,000 cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=642.0,650.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of AIDS have been reported in the United States. We're getting reports of HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=650.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[human immunodeficiency virus] from Africa and Asia but don't have any idea of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=658.0,665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the magnitude of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=665.0,667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthis. By then AZT [azidothymidine] had been approved, including","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=667.0,671.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for use in children, but there really isn't any significant movement in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=671.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment of AIDS in the U.S. Tell us a little bit about your EIS assignment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=677.0,684.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where were you assigned for EIS, and what did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=684.0,689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Okay, thanks. I was assigned to the Division of HIV/AIDS. Getting into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=689.0,695.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EIS, as you know, involves a matching process. When I was going around to all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=695.0,702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the groups to match, I was looking for something that could align my pediatric","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=702.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest and experience with something useful at CDC. I was looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=708.0,713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vaccine-preventable diseases and diarrheal diseases. There was a position open","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=713.0,718.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the pediatric section, Pediatric and Family Studies Section of the Division","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=718.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of HIV/AIDS, and I went to talk to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=723.0,727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthem. I remember talking to [Dr. James W.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=727.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim Curran and [Dr.] Martha Rogers, and they seemed very nice people. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=730.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expressed the fact that doing my pediatric residency in Pittsburgh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=736.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pennsylvania, I had very little exposure to AIDS in children. In fact, I had two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=740.0,746.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patients that I had ever taken care of with HIV. I said, I really don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=746.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything about HIV. I remember Jim Curran saying, \"Oh, R.J., don't worry about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=753.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. A few years ago, nobody knew anything. You'll catch on.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=759.0,764.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I ended up matching with the Division of HIV/AIDS in the Pediatric and Family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=764.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Studies Section, which was led by [Dr.] Margaret [J.] Oxtoby. I joined that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=770.0,776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"team. I had replaced--there was an EIS Officer before me, and I replaced her. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=776.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began my EIS work doing a few projects related to HIV ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=782.0,787.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin children. One of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=787.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular, early on, was on data on PCP in children. Pneumocystis carinii","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=790.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pneumonia [PCP] is one of the opportunistic infections that was commonly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=797.0,803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with immunosuppression in HIV, and in children it was the most common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=803.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS-defining condition. Doing an analysis of the AIDS reporting data, a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=810.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simple analysis of looking at the age at which children were diagnosed with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=816.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, showed a very dramatic and interesting pattern:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=823.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a huge peak at three to six months of age when children got PCP. If","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=828.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you look at all of the cases of PCP in children, the majority of them were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=837.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurring in this rather narrow age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=845.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ngroup, which had important implications for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=848.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy. It was my first link to the experience of having data shed light on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=851.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy and how we could make that link.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=858.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the important issues with HIV in children is the diagnosis of HIV it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=862.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requires. Whereas adults can be diagnosed with a blood test that detects the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=869.0,875.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antibodies to HIV in the body, and in adults that equates with infection, in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=875.0,881.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, the antibodies pass on from their mothers if their mother is infected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=881.0,887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of children without any intervention, about a third of them will get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=887.0,894.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infected with HIV, but about two-thirds will not. The antibody test doesn't tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=894.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you definitely. In fact, it's not a very good marker of infection up until about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=900.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eighteen months of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=907.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=908.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: It could still be the mom's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=908.0,911.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: It could still be the mom's infection. You can tell if the mother has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=911.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infection, but you can't tell without doing special testing of the virus itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=917.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the baby is infected. Here you have these--and you could prevent PCP by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=922.0,928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using trimethoprim sulfa or Bactrim as a drug. Figuring out how do you prevent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=928.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIV in children, before you can even diagnose HIV in children, became an issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=934.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We recognized that the only way you're going to do this is by aggressively using","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=940.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these viral tests, the PCR [polymerase chain reaction] tests in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=946.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which measures the DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] of the virus. It's only going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=951.0,956.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be by doing that early on, shortly after birth, that you're really going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=956.0,962.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"able to definitely detect infection in order to start children on prophylaxis to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=962.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prevent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=967.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPCP. Initially that was impractical, because you just couldn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=967.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The policy approach was to actually start all children whose mothers were HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=972.0,978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infected on the prophylactic medicine, the trimethoprim sulfa, and if they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=978.0,984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diagnosed as not having infection, then you could stop the prophylaxis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=984.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Continuously for months at a time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=989.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, regardless of--and in most cases it's not going to be doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=992.0,998.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything because the child is actually not infected, but you don't know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=998.0,1004.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Was this a part of U.S. Public Health Service guidelines that came out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1004.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. There were several sets of guidelines, particularly as diagnosis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1011.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got improved. You could do different things, but it got me involved in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1016.0,1023.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watchful way, rather than the active policy-maker way, to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1023.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsee how you came up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1027.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the right set of recommendations that were balancing these different things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1030.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sensitivity and specificity of the test, of over-treating versus missing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1036.0,1042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases, and all that. I got involved with helping writing those guidelines and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1042.0,1049.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then also doing additional research in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1049.0,1053.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Was it controversial among AIDS pediatric clinicians at the time? Was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1053.0,1059.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that broadly supported? Do you remember what some of the thinking--this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1059.0,1065.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before it was possible to easily do PCR testing of babies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1065.0,1071.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. The beginnings of the ability to do PCR testing were there. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1071.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think they have studies showing that this was actually a good tool for diagnosis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1078.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around 1989-90. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1085.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthink Chin-Yih Ou and Martha Rogers were writing papers on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1087.0,1092.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, but it was not available widespread and so not the most standard approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1092.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for diagnosing HIV. If you diagnosed HIV in a pregnant woman, and if you had the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1099.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proper linkage to care of the baby, you could start prophylaxis on the baby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1106.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the controversies were not really around the therapy; the prophylactic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1113.0,1119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment itself was not terribly controversial. It was cheap and it didn't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1119.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much side effects, but the operational issues of identifying and providing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1125.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the children's caretakers on the basis of the mother's diagnosis was more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1131.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complicated than it might seem. One of the things it did do, though, was push","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1137.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the issue. It contributed to the controversy around testing pregnant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1144.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwomen for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1149.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HIV when there was no treatment. This was a time when there was no effective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1150.0,1157.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment and no widely available treatment and not knowing what to do in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1157.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"context of pregnancy. By now, having something that you can do to help the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1163.0,1169.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health of the child added to the positive side of the equation of getting tested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1169.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for pregnant women. (They) might otherwise be thinking, why should I do this if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1176.0,1182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's going to lead to stigma, discrimination, loss of job, if people find out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1182.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you have more reason to be testing during pregnancy, which ended up being an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1188.0,1195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important forerunner to when you really had the opportunity to prevent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1195.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission to children. You needed a system that was able to be diagnosing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1200.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1206.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Moving on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1207.0,1208.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nto preventing mother-to-child transmission. Later on, in your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1208.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EIS or just after that, I know you were involved in several multisite studies on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1212.0,1219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prevention of mother-to-child transmission in the United States. Can you tell us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1219.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit about those studies and how it led to which recommendations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1224.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Sure. There were a number of--it was recognized pretty early on in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1230.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS epidemic that children got HIV, children could be infected with HIV through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1236.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pregnancy or childbirth or breastfeeding. Clearly there were children getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1242.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infected, and it was very closely linked epidemiologically to their mothers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1247.0,1252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being infected. So that was known. What wasn't so clear-- in fact, I still think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1252.0,1259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not entirely clear -- is why most children don't get infected. Why is it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1259.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that only about a third of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1266.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nchildren who were born to HIV-infected mothers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1269.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually get infected themselves? The basic issues needed to be sorted out: what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1272.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the rate, what is the risk of infection to a child born to an HIV-infected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1277.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother, what percentage of children get infected. Measuring that to some level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1284.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of precision was useful. What are the risk factors, what do we know about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1289.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mothers who are more or less likely to transmit to their children, what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1295.0,1301.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to children who are HIV infected, what is their clinical course, how long do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1301.0,1307.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they live, what symptoms do they have? All that required epidemiologic study, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1307.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of multisite studies were formed--they were beginning before I came to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1312.0,1317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC--multisite studies that brought together enough patients that could get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1317.0,1321.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough of a size to get the right estimates for some of these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1321.0,1327.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC had a multisite study called the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1327.0,1330.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPACTS study, I think it was Perinatal AIDS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1330.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborative Transmission Study or something like that. (There were) five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1334.0,1339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sites: Atlanta, Baltimore, a couple in New York and somewhere else -- five sites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1339.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that collaborated on measuring, on reenrolling women, measuring factors about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1347.0,1352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them and then following their children. [Dr.] Nathan Shaffer, when I started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1352.0,1359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC, was the project officer on that. I joined up with him, and when he moved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1359.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off to work in Thailand in mid-1990's, I took over as the PI [principal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1368.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investigator] on that study. That was very important, because those studies were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1376.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being done at the time when in 1994 the seminal study on preventing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1383.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-to-child ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1390.0,1391.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntransmission, the NIH [National Institutes of Health]-funded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1391.0,1395.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ACTG-076 [AIDS Clinical Trials Group] study came out. That study showed that, by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1395.0,1402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving mothers the drug AZT during pregnancy, from early pregnancy until the end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1402.0,1409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pregnancy, giving them intravenous AZT during labor and giving the child AZT","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1409.0,1416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for six weeks, you could reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mothers to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1416.0,1423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children by about two-thirds. It was that finding that led to huge--many, many,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1423.0,1430.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many things that I think we'll be talking about. Having these studies available,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1430.0,1437.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having these research collaborations in place, allowed you to begin examining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1437.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots and lots of other factors related to preventing mother-to-child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1443.0,1448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission that you couldn't have done if you were just starting from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1448.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n scratch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1454.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: The findings of your multisite studies on maternal transmission, were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1454.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these with an intervention or just observation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1459.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: These were observational up until the intervention became--when the 076","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1462.0,1467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study came out, then suddenly policy changed. Practice and policy immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1467.0,1472.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changed, so you could actually look at the intervention itself and how it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1472.0,1478.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being utilized in these cohorts and the impact it had over time. You could also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1478.0,1484.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at this issue of infant diagnosis. It allowed you to have a population that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1484.0,1490.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could test the sensitivity and specificity of ways of doing this early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1490.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diagnosis by measuring the DNA or the antigens in the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1495.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So, these multisite studies were not controlled trials. They were really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1500.0,1505.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out there--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1505.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: No, they were observational studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1506.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And then you added the intervention when it became--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1509.0,1513.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Right, right, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1513.0,1514.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nright. Of course, the 076 study itself was a similar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1514.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observational study, but it provided that--it was a placebo-controlled study and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1520.0,1527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provided the intervention to half of the women. CDC was not doing that type of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1527.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study in the U.S. around that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1536.0,1540.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: OK. So, again, at this time, '95, '96, in the U.S. there's still a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1540.0,1550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limited scale of treatment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1550.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: In 1996 the treatment began improving a lot. The use of triple drug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1553.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combination therapy and the recognition of the ability of new drugs to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1562.0,1570.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dramatically reduce viral load in people with HIV ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1570.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ninfection led to rapid growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1575.0,1578.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the coverage on treatment in the U.S. For pregnant women it was the AZT that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1578.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began to be the intervention that would be used because of its preventing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1587.0,1594.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-to-child transmission benefits. In the initial times of treatment, there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1594.0,1600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were CD4 [t-cell test] cut-offs for using treatment. People who were relatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1600.0,1607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, asymptomatic, would not be started on treatment because the treatment was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1607.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reserved for the sicker people. In general, pregnant women were not in that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1614.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"category, just by the demographics and who gets pregnant. It was a relatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1621.0,1628.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small proportion of pregnant women who would have been started on treatment initially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1628.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1635.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nInteresting. More to come on that. Then you went to Thailand, is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1636.0,1642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right? How did that come about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1642.0,1645.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: How that came about, there are a few important landmarks. With this 076","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1645.0,1652.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study in February of 1994, at that time I had become the Chief of the Pediatric","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1652.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Family Study Section. Our section, particularly working with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1660.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surveillance Branch in the Division of HIV/AIDS, was looking then at our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1665.0,1671.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surveillance data and saying, okay, what do we-- (We looked at) two aspects of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1671.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the surveillance data. One was the case surveillance of AIDS. Can we see what's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1678.0,1685.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happening now as women are starting to use AZT? Are we seeing a drop-off in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1685.0,1692.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cases of AIDS in children? Remember that the epidemiologic curve of AIDS in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1692.0,1698.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nchildren was very front-loaded because of all the PCP cases. Children got--the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1698.0,1704.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time between infection and AIDS was much shorter in children than in adults. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1704.0,1711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to see the impact of stopping prevention, then, was very high in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1711.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, because you could see pretty quickly (whether) you are making a dent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1717.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the number of AIDS cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1723.0,1726.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did careful analyses of the AIDS surveillance data. 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So, two studies were launched to look at a shorter version of AZT","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1784.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see if it could prevent mother-to-child transmission also. Those two studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1791.0,1797.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one was done in Thailand and one was done in Côte d'Ivoire, were launched","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1797.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around '95, '96. They continued for about two years before they were able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1804.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show that in fact, yes, even a shorter version of the AZT ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1811.0,1817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nregimen could reduce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1817.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission from mothers to children. My career change on this was that right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1818.0,1824.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the time-- the study in Thailand, which Nathan Shaffer was the PI on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1824.0,1831.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrapped up in early 1998, showing that, yes, this worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1831.0,1836.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And these were placebo-controlled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1836.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: These were placebo-controlled trials. There was a lot of pressure on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1838.0,1844.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, because you now had to balance getting a quick and definitive answer about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1844.0,1851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what magnitude of reduction and transmission you would have by comparing this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1851.0,1857.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"short-course intervention to the standard of care, which at the time was no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1857.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intervention. Or do you compare it to the ACTG regimen, which was not being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1863.0,1870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carried out in these countries and was unlikely to ever be the final ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1870.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npolicy in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1876.0,1877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these countries? You wanted to make sure that everybody got something, and it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1877.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a very controversial period in time and (there were) very interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1883.0,1889.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"debates around that. This led to, obviously, for many reasons, a pressure to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1889.0,1896.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure these trials get done in time and get done accurately and show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1896.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"definitive results. Fortunately, they did. The government of Thailand quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1903.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved this into national policy, and I was fortunate enough to be able to take a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1908.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position--Nathan's term ended in Thailand in 1998 right as the trial was ending.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1916.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came behind him, taking the CDC position in the CDC office in Thailand. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1922.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked closely with the Ministry of Public Health on scaling up their program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1929.0,1935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1935.0,1936.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nregional program and showing it could be implemented, setting up a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1936.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"national monitoring system, doing some research around women's attitudes towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1942.0,1947.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment, how to do proper counseling and issues like that. (There was) lots of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1947.0,1954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implementation science-type work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1954.0,1956.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Before we had this interview, I was going to ask you, wow, why Thailand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1956.0,1964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did this international bug come from? But now we know it was there in you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1964.0,1972.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a long time. Still, this represented a huge commitment, and you had how many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1972.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids by then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1980.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Three. Teenagers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1982.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Teenagers. How did that go, in terms of getting everyone over there and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1984.0,1991.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committed? Your wife, was she supportive? How did that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1991.0,1996.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1996.0,1997.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Very good question. It happened--the idea of going to Thailand for our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=1997.0,2004.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family clearly originated with me. None of my kids came up with that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2004.0,2011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"independently. My wife, being Japanese, had a more favorable openness to moving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2011.0,2017.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an Asian country than maybe she would have had to moving to an African","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2017.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. None of my family had been to Thailand before. I had been a couple of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2025.0,2033.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times, and I sent pictures, told them about my stories. It represented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2033.0,2039.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously, as you said, an important change for my family. I think--my wife and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2039.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought this would be an opportunity for our children to see something new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2046.0,2053.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while they are at an age where they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2053.0,2057.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncould learn a lot from it. We also were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2057.0,2061.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aware that we're very privileged when we do our overseas assignments with CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2061.0,2067.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We get taken care of, we're allowed to attend international schools, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2067.0,2073.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"educational opportunities were more positive than negative for the children to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2073.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be going to an international school. As parents, we agreed that this would be a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2078.0,2085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"positive family move. The kids took a little bit more convincing. My daughter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2085.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was old enough to be very articulate already, asked me, Dad, did you have a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2091.0,2098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choice in going to Thailand? Was it your decision to take your children, rip","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2098.0,2104.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them away from their friends and send them to a foreign country or what? We had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2104.0,2111.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have some diplomatic discussions about this. In the end all of my family was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2111.0,2118.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2118.0,2119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nappreciative of the opportunity that CDC provided to be living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2119.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas, to be exposed to a new lifestyle, to make new friends that now are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2123.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still friends after many, many years and to really, in Thailand in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2129.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn about what great people the people of Thailand are. It's been from a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2134.0,2140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family perspective. Although getting into it took some negotiation, everyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2140.0,2144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sees this as having been a very positive experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2144.0,2148.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So that's 20/20 hindsight. What was it like when you first got there? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2148.0,2154.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should say you were joining the U.S. Thai Field Station in Thailand, which had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2154.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been established in 1990. Was [Dr.] Bruce [G.] Weniger still--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2160.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: He was not there. He'd started it-- [Dr. Timothy D.] Tim Mastro","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2164.0,2169.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed him. Tim Mastro was the country director when I arrived there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2169.0,2174.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So, he was your boss?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2174.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, he was my boss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2176.0,2178.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2178.0,2179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndid (it go) just getting going (with a) totally 100% new world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2179.0,2185.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience? Had the kids traveled at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2185.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: They had traveled. They had been to Japan, for instance, so they--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2188.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And their mom was Japanese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2194.0,2197.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. I didn't mention that as maybe part of the--that maybe is an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2197.0,2203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outcome rather than an input for the--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2203.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2206.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Like you say, everything was new for everybody. Moving into a new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2207.0,2213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, living in a townhouse that was directly across the road from our school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2213.0,2219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very convenient. New money, new food, new language. It was tough. My wife","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2219.0,2225.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a professor at Georgia Tech [Georgia Institute of Technology], and we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2225.0,2231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going for a three-year term. We agreed as a family that was probably about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2231.0,2238.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nright amount of time. She could only take two years leave of absence, so the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2238.0,2244.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first year she came but had to go back for the school season and was gone a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2244.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that time. Fortunately, there was a lot of support. We had a live-in maid who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2252.0,2259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cooked and cleaned for us, which was obviously a blessing. Being in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2259.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighborhood of the school, there were a lot of families, and the kids could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2264.0,2270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walk to school back and forth with no problem. There were solutions to most of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2270.0,2276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the challenges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2276.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At work, to me it was just like all this exciting new stuff. Programmatically it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2277.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was really cool to be doing something extremely positive in terms of program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2283.0,2288.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implementation, which was no longer just research but actually doing something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2288.0,2293.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(It was exciting) being a manager of people from another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2293.0,2297.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nculture and just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2297.0,2298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learning how to talk to people and what works and what doesn't work and trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2298.0,2305.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself to learn Thai as best that I could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2305.0,2309.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So, you were there not doing a study, you were doing implementation of programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2309.0,2316.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Both, both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2316.0,2317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What were you studying? What were some of the implementation science--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2317.0,2323.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: The short-course AZT study that I mentioned that was done in Thailand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2323.0,2329.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It actually followed a prior observational cohort study. As I was mentioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2329.0,2335.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before, having these observational studies up and running was a prelude and an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2335.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to really move quickly to inserting an intervention, and in the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2341.0,2347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I got there of then observing what happens when the intervention is being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2347.0,2354.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used. We developed a strong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2354.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncollaboration with the children's hospital [Queen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2356.0,2359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sirikit National Institute of Child Health] in Bangkok and Siriraj Hospital in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2359.0,2365.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bangkok in particular with a defined organizational structure for research and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2365.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research nurses that were posted at the sites. Just lots of--there was a real","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2370.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infrastructure there for continuing the next phase of things to look at what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2377.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happens. We were looking at issues like some of these testing issues, what can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2383.0,2390.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we make available and (how can we) utilize the PCR testing effectively, how are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2390.0,2397.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women dealing with infant feeding. In Thailand as a national policy infant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2397.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formula was provided so that HIV-infected women did not breastfeed. We wanted to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2403.0,2409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know how was that going, did it work. Those kinds of things--how was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2409.0,2416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implementation being used in people attending ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2416.0,2419.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthese major hospitals in Bangkok.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2419.0,2421.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also did a regional implementation study, where we implemented this regimen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2421.0,2426.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one of the twelve health regions in Thailand. We observed and collected data on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2426.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the uptake, how many women got tested of the estimated number that were there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2432.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many got started on treatment, what were some of the reasons they didn't get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2438.0,2444.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started on the AZT, that kind of thing. And we also set up a national monitoring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2444.0,2451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system for these indicators, and actually one of the things I'm most proud of is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2451.0,2457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's still in place. It started in 2000, and now nearly twenty years later they're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2457.0,2463.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still using that system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2463.0,2465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: That system would monitor--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2465.0,2467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Would monitor the uptake of the use of the interventions in the women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2467.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Thailand it's always very high numbers, 95%, 98%. (It enabled us) to look at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2473.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2479.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhospitals, which hospitals are not doing so well or which regions are not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2479.0,2486.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing so well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2486.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Just to step back from those specifics, what was AIDS like in Thailand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2488.0,2496.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you got there? What were people seeing in the hospitals in general? What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2496.0,2504.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was healthcare delivery like for people with AIDS in Thailand? Many of us know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2504.0,2512.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa pretty well, but perhaps not as well what was going on in Thailand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2512.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: First of all, the epidemic in Thailand was fueled by--I think the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2520.0,2527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"initial really explosion of the HIV epidemic in Thailand was due to its rapid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2527.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission through both sex work and injecting drug use. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2535.0,2540.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen, with increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2540.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers of infected people who then were having sexual contacts with people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2541.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside the risk groups, the infection was spreading into the general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2547.0,2552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population. Thailand was also famous for having had very good interventions to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2552.0,2558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reduce transmission, particularly in brothels, through combining the police and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2558.0,2563.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the brothel owners and the public health world to come up with 100% condom use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2563.0,2570.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policies. Anyone going into a brothel, it would be standard practice to be using","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2570.0,2577.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a condom. If that didn't happen, you had the police or the owners, everybody was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2577.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conspiring to have better health in that setting. That led to a decline in these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2584.0,2591.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high-risk groups, but you then had a more general population that was already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2591.0,2597.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becoming infected. Because of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2597.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nits starting with the high-risk groups, like you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2599.0,2603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would see in every country, the stigma associated with the risk groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2603.0,2609.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately transfers into stigma associated with HIV. The idea (was) that if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2609.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had HIV, it probably means you were doing something that was socially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2615.0,2622.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unacceptable. You had a lot of the issues of hiding your infection, not telling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2622.0,2629.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your husband if you're an infected woman or needing help to do that, keeping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2629.0,2636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"information from the schools, even keeping information from healthcare centers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2636.0,2641.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of the care, the healthcare system in Thailand is well organized. Down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2641.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the district level, you had health centers and you had places where you could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2648.0,2656.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do the kind of primary ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2656.0,2659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncare needed, such as HIV testing. You didn't have to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2659.0,2665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere else to get a test. You could get tested relatively locally, and that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2665.0,2672.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an important feature. The system itself is organized, which allowed the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2672.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scale-up of the PMTCT interventions relatively quickly. You had an authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2678.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"structure that went from national to regional to provincial to hospital, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2684.0,2690.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people generally follow guidance. If you had the right guidance and the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2690.0,2697.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incentives and enough resources, the system itself worked well enough to be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2697.0,2704.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to implement--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2704.0,2705.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Were there enough resources? What was the economic situation during","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2705.0,2711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2711.0,2712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Thailand had a big--and the rest of Asia--had a big crash around 1997,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2712.0,2719.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shortly before I got there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2719.0,2722.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was coming out of that during the years when I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2722.0,2727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was there. So, there were never enough resources. That was always an issue. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2727.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was generally an openness to addressing the AIDS epidemic. There was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2733.0,2738.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody saying, let's not address this. It was very helpful to have quantifiable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2738.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needs: how many people do we need to test or how many doses of drugs do we need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2744.0,2752.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how much infant formula do we need to buy. Some of these monitoring systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2752.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were useful in providing that kind of data, so that a planning cycle could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2759.0,2765.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually improve the ability to meet the needs. There was also a very strong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2765.0,2771.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and useful component in the NGO world. Particularly the Thai Red Cross was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2771.0,2777.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actively addressing HIV infection, and they could raise funds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2777.0,2781.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthrough private","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2781.0,2782.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means. One important aspect in Thailand is its royalty. It's a kingdom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2782.0,2788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(centered on) the respect that the royalty receives. The Thai Red Cross was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2788.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"linked in with the hierarchy in Thailand, so it received a lot of support. (It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2795.0,2803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was helpful) having that NGO [non-governmental organization] component there as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2803.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well. I think there was external technical input, but the U.S. didn't support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2808.0,2815.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the implementation. We supported the technical aspects of this, but we weren't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2815.0,2821.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supporting the buying of the commodities or the hiring of all the staff and all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2821.0,2829.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. That all came indigenously. (There were) some small grants from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2829.0,2835.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations, but in general it came from the government. It was really for me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2835.0,2842.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2842.0,2843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncombination of things, where you could use technical input, but you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2843.0,2849.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't have to be dealing with all the money. You didn't have to be advocating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2849.0,2858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for large sums of funds back to anybody, because they were being generated indigenously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2858.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did you end up becoming friends with Thai staff there? Was there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2866.0,2873.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acceptance of you and your family and other U.S. \"expats\" from CDC and elsewhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2873.0,2881.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: I think CDC had, and still has, a positive image. It's one of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2881.0,2890.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bigger--in fact, it may be the biggest U.S. government presence in Thailand, in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2890.0,2897.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terms of all of its staff, including its locally employed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2897.0,2903.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstaff. The staff that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2903.0,2905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work--since the office has been there a long time, as you mentioned since 1990,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2905.0,2912.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are people who have been there for a really long time. In fact, some of my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2912.0,2920.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close colleagues that were there, starting around the same time that I started,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2920.0,2926.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are still there. I'm still in touch with them and they're growing through the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2926.0,2933.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system; they're leaders in the system now. I met a lot of people that I stay in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2933.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contact with. When I get a chance to go to Thailand, I see colleagues regularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2941.0,2948.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It added a large layer of new friendships and colleagues to my career richness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2948.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What about the embassy? Did you relate to the embassy? Was that a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2955.0,2962.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2962.0,2962.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of CDC life in Bangkok?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2962.0,2964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: For me, no, for a couple of reasons. One, the CDC office was housed in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2964.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Ministry of Public Health, which was a bit of a hike from the embassy. On a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2970.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day-to-day basis, I wasn't going to work at the embassy or I wasn't living near","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2977.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the embassy. I would go there for things like going to the commissary or doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2983.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administrative things or the medical office, but in general not so much. Then my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2989.0,2995.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position was not--I wasn't representing CDC at meetings. The director would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=2995.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to those kinds of meetings, so I wasn't having that kind of contact. I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3000.0,3006.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fair amount of contact and knew a lot of people there, but I felt a lot more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3006.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like I was part of the CDC family or even more of the Ministry of Public Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3013.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3020.0,3020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\njust because of who I saw every day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3020.0,3024.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Anything else you want to tell us about your experience in Thailand? It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3024.0,3032.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sounds like it was wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3032.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. To me it was very important for my life, my career. My family, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3035.0,3044.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think, gained a lot from it, from having friends and colleagues that are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3044.0,3051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lifelong and actually not purposefully. It ended up being that experience of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3051.0,3058.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scaling up PMTCT in Thailand, then became, later on, what the United States was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3058.0,3066.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assisting with in many, many other countries. Having the experience of, first in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3066.0,3073.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S., dealing with scaling up in the U.S., although we didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3073.0,3080.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nreally call it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3080.0,3081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scaling up, but the growth of the interventions in the U.S., then working in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3081.0,3087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thailand scaling up, really gave me a kind of unique exposure to a bigger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3087.0,3093.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"structure of what it takes to do a public health program than maybe what it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3093.0,3100.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"takes to take care of a patient or what it takes to even run a hospital. At the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3100.0,3108.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, I was just doing my job every day. Then in retrospect you realize that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3108.0,3115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were seeing and participating in a system that needs to be changed or that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3115.0,3121.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed to be changed in order to address the AIDS epidemic. Then later on it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3121.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became an important experience to be able to apply it to bigger things that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3128.0,3135.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3135.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You came back at an interesting time as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3136.0,3140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwell. At that point it was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3140.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pre-PEPFAR beginning of the LIFE [Leadership and Investment in Fighting an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3144.0,3151.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epidemic] Initiative. CDC and the U.S. government had really made very minimal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3151.0,3158.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"efforts towards global AIDS in the '90s, dealing with our cases. This was prior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3158.0,3166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 1999, and then things began to change in 1999. At that time President","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3166.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[William J.] Clinton launched the so-called LIFE Initiative, which was a U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3174.0,3181.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government HIV/AIDS initiative. Can you tell us just briefly about what that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3181.0,3189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what was its main focus?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3189.0,3193.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: The LIFE Initiative, which was happening (already), it wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3193.0,3199.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3199.0,3199.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related to--it started when I was in Thailand. It didn't connect directly with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3199.0,3205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thailand, so I wasn't personally engaged at the beginning of it. What it ended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3205.0,3212.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up doing was providing CDC with funding, I think, in the $35 million range, to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3212.0,3219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be able to start new offices and presence and activities in a larger number of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3219.0,3226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries. As you say, before then we had a relatively small presence overseas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3226.0,3232.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a Thailand office, Kenya, we had somebody in South Africa, we had Uganda,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3232.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Côte d'Ivoire, but not that many. The LIFE Initiative provided the resources to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3239.0,3245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start. I think we had about thirteen country offices in total that either got a boost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3245.0,3253.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with these funds or allowed us to actually place new people to new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3253.0,3259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsites, to new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3259.0,3260.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries. At the time, a lot of the issues were operational, just how do we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3260.0,3266.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find people and how do we operate in a larger way in many different countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3266.0,3272.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were relative amateurs, probably more than relative. We were amateurs in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3272.0,3277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field of operating overseas, having just a few countries and a relatively small","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3277.0,3282.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number of people that knew how to do this. We were scaling up our own capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3282.0,3288.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work overseas, to become part of the embassy families, to work in an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3288.0,3293.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interagency way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3293.0,3294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: The big player in international health was USAID [United States Agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3294.0,3299.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for International Development].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3299.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3300.0,3301.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did they have a big part of this LIFE Initiative funding?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3301.0,3306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. Most of the funding went to USAID. Some of the funding went to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3306.0,3312.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC, and I believe a little bit may have gone to the Defense Department, but I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3312.0,3318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't recall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3318.0,3319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfor sure. It allowed both agencies to expand our activities in HIV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3319.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas, and it allowed--not knowing the future and it was not like there was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3326.0,3334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commitment to ten years of more and more and more funding. It was really all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3334.0,3342.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about getting started, and that allowed both field offices to be set up. Then it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3342.0,3350.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led to a structural change at CDC headquarters of finding a home for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3350.0,3357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international HIV/AIDS. The Global AIDS Program initially was the Global AIDS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3357.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Activity. CDC often does this, pulling people from various places, then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3363.0,3369.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually formalizing an organization. The Global AIDS Program was launched in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3369.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the LIFE Initiative ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3375.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nperiod as a focal point, and with central leadership in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3377.0,3383.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"global HIV work linked to in the same center as our domestic program, but now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3383.0,3392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(it was) a self-governing external, globally facing organization. When I came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3392.0,3398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back in 2001, that Global AIDS Program was just starting up, and they were just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3398.0,3407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting the formal structure of that. I think there were four branches, and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3407.0,3415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was named the Prevention Branch Chief. Prevention included prevention of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3415.0,3421.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-to-child transmission, as well as other blood safety and sexual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3421.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission and youth and STD [sexually transmitted disease] treatment. I came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3427.0,3433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back then into a branch chief ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3433.0,3436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nposition to help us do stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3436.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Who were your bosses? Who was the program boss, the center director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3439.0,3446.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boss? Who was even the director of CDC at that time? Was there support for this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3446.0,3454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move towards a bigger effort in HIV?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3454.0,3458.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. The Division Director of the Global AIDS Program, but it operated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3458.0,3465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a division, was [Dr.] Eugene McCray. He had begun the leadership of this and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3465.0,3473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then formally was the leader. [Dr.] Helene [D.] Gayle was the Center Director,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3473.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she was very supportive. Carmine [J.] Bozzi was her Deputy, and he was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3480.0,3488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in making all this happen and interfacing with the [U. S.] State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3488.0,3495.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Department and doing all the interagency ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3495.0,3498.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwork required to allow this to happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3498.0,3501.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allow CDC to be doing work in new areas and getting along with the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3501.0,3508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agencies and doing all the operational parts of this. The feeling was very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3508.0,3515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a new thing, a good thing, an interesting thing. A lot of people had some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3515.0,3523.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international experience and were brought into this from the International","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3523.0,3528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Program Office or other places. Others were just new to the field and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3528.0,3535.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quickly learned on the job about how to make things happen overseas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3535.0,3541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: The CDC Director was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3541.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: The CDC Director at the time was--at the time of the LIFE Initiative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3543.0,3550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting, I believe it was still [Dr. Jeffrey Koplan] Jeff Koplan. Dr. [Julie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3550.0,3556.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"L.] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3556.0,3556.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nGerberding started--I believe Dr. Gerberding was there when the formal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3556.0,3561.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"launching of the Global AIDS Program--but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3561.0,3564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: In general, the Office of the Director, was supportive also of this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3564.0,3571.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. I think everybody at CDC was either actively or passively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3571.0,3577.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supportive of this. It wasn't--people weren't fighting too much over this. Any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3577.0,3583.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time you start (something new) you pull things away, but having this be in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3583.0,3591.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same center, with the Center Director being very supportive, I think smoothed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3591.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things out. Later on, fast forward in history when the Center for Global Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3597.0,3604.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was developed and growing and involving moving now large divisions from one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3604.0,3610.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"center to another, those (moves) are never easy. Those require a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3610.0,3616.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3616.0,3617.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"negotiation and discussing what the relative values of keeping everybody doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3617.0,3624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work in HIV together versus everybody doing work globally together. You have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3624.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3632.0,3633.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What came next? There was a large funding for a PMTCT initiative that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3633.0,3642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed soon after. Can you put that in the context of PEPFAR--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3642.0,3650.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: For the LIFE Initiative, starting 1999-2000, personally I began in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3650.0,3658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer of 2001 getting a new division together, getting offices together. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3658.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was occupying everybody--figuring out what a strategy is, what are we really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3666.0,3674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing. We were all busy doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3674.0,3678.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat. (There was a) new election. President","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3678.0,3682.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[George W.] Bush comes in, and we started getting some discussions, like data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3682.0,3689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requests-- how many people do you have out in the field, and what's your budget?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3689.0,3697.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you think we can do, and what could we do if there was more money? A lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3697.0,3707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things, and this is not uncommon in new administrations to start getting some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3707.0,3715.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideas floating around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3715.0,3717.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: I should say, just to interject a point here, that one of the big issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3717.0,3726.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that the price of drugs was beginning to be negotiable and come down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3726.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the cost of treating AIDS at that time was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3734.0,3739.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n$10,000 to $15,000 a year in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3739.0,3742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S. I think at some point you might want to comment on that--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3742.0,3748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: That's actually very important, and the LIFE Initiative was all about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3748.0,3753.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prevention, (which) was the focus of it. There was little appetite for thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3753.0,3759.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about treatment in resource-poor countries at that time. There was very little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3759.0,3764.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience with it, the costs were very high, and there was just maybe some lack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3764.0,3771.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of imagination or lack of thinking that this could be possible. And that led","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3771.0,3777.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to-- when the LIFE Initiative was in place, the notion was--at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3777.0,3783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people realized there is treatment available in the U.S., and there's need for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3783.0,3789.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treatment (to be) available in other countries. (There was) a lot of interest in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3789.0,3795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what can we do, can we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3795.0,3798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhelp people, can we provide treatment for people. There","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3798.0,3802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a tension about how far we could go with treatment under the LIFE","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3802.0,3808.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Initiative, because there were opportunities like UNICEF [United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3808.0,3812.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children's Fund], which had some small funding for pilot projects that you could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3812.0,3818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start to see what treatment could be done in small populations. We were helping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3818.0,3824.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide some technical assistance around that, but we really were not in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3824.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position to be--the U.S. government was not in a position to really be talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3830.0,3836.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about treatment, because we as a country didn't want to say, yes, we can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3836.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. People in power at the time did not think it could be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3843.0,3849.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what changed. 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This big gap was only getting bigger as more and more people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3866.0,3873.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were infected, particularly in Africa, that were not on treatment, and this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3873.0,3879.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(gap) is only going to get worse. There were beginnings of concern about how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3879.0,3886.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this could become a security issue if the productive segments of populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3886.0,3892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were dying off, (if) the teachers, the soldiers, the business people were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3892.0,3898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting sick. This could have much bigger implications than just public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3898.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The evangelical community saw this as a need that needed to be met, the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3904.0,3911.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people were sick and dying when there was the possibility ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3911.0,3916.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nof treating people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3916.0,3918.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of these factors came together that led to--eventually it led to PEPFAR as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3918.0,3927.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a concept that was doable. We began hearing about--there were discussions with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3927.0,3934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HHS [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services] about what could be done, et","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3934.0,3942.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cetera. Then in the summer of 2002, to everyone's surprise, there was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3942.0,3950.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"announcement that the U.S. government is going to do a $500 million preventing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3950.0,3958.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-to-child transmission project in fourteen countries. USAID and HHS were going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3958.0,3965.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be the joint leads on this. There were targets for how much prevention we're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3965.0,3974.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3974.0,3975.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndo, and a structure was set up for how to govern across these agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3975.0,3981.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how to work with the countries. That changed a lot. That was a lot of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3981.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Do you remember about how much CDC got--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3989.0,3993.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: No, but probably around a third or fourth, something along there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3993.0,3998.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Which is a lot of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=3998.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. It was a big important factor in CDC. Because we had these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4001.0,4007.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries (that) were chosen such that CDC--these countries were chosen in a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4007.0,4013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ended up being--CDC was present in most of the places that were selected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4013.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this. That had not been (the case) even before the LIFE Initiative, so we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4019.0,4026.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were pre-positioned almost to be able to be participants in the PMTCT Initiative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4026.0,4032.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4032.0,4033.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nalong, working together with USAID. This formed a real way of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4033.0,4040.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually doing programming together. You had resources-- you just had to figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4040.0,4047.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out how to work together as agencies to implement (the project).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4047.0,4054.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Why CDC? USAID has this long history, they have offices in country, they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4054.0,4062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a long record of health system strengthening, healthcare infrastructure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4062.0,4068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nutrition. What did CDC bring to this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4068.0,4073.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: CDC is the nation's prevention agency. In terms of the AIDS epidemic in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4073.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular, we had great experience in responding to many issues about HIV in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4081.0,4089.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S. We had a fair ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4089.0,4093.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\namount of--although we didn't have offices in places, we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4093.0,4097.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a lot of international experience working with USAID. We were often seconded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4097.0,4103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with USAID or WHO [World Health Organization]. We had a lot of experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4103.0,4109.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas, and we were deemed to be technically highly qualified to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4109.0,4114.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the issues. We had laboratorians, we had biomedical scientists, we had all the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4114.0,4120.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical capability that was needed to do that. The idea that we should marshal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4120.0,4126.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the assets of the U.S. government to do something as big as this was, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4126.0,4134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think, the philosophy behind this. We were there, we had something to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4134.0,4139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contribute, and we should be doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4139.0,4142.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Then in 2003 President Bush announces PEPFAR. Do you want to say a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4142.0,4148.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little bit about what the goals of PEPFAR were and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4148.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbudget, and then maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4153.0,4155.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your earliest role in PEPFAR?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4155.0,4157.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: PEPFAR was announced in the State of the Union address in 2003. Again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4157.0,4163.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(it was) a very extremely well-kept secret before that announcement. If there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4163.0,4169.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were people at CDC who knew that was going to be announced, I never met them or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4169.0,4177.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they never said. I was watching it, as were other people, and we're like, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4177.0,4184.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I get it, we're going big. What was announced was briefly--and, like a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4184.0,4191.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these initiatives, you get a paragraph in the State of the Union address, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4191.0,4197.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's followed up by fact sheets and more fleshed-out ideas. The basic construct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4197.0,4203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of PEPFAR was that fourteen countries were identified as focus countries. There\nwas a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4203.0,4209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commitment of $15 billion over five years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4209.0,4212.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat the President was going to ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4212.0,4216.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congress for. There were targets with this funding in these countries. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4216.0,4222.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expectation was that two million people would be put on treatment, and that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4222.0,4229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in comparison to an estimated 50,000 that were on treatment before that, so a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4229.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge increase. Seven million infections would be prevented, and ten million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4236.0,4242.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people would be provided care, including orphans, orphans that were orphaned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4242.0,4248.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from HIV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4248.0,4249.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was going to be a structure in place that had a central coordinator in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4249.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"State Department. President Bush wanted a go-to person who would be accountable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4257.0,4263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for results and who had the authority to allocate the funding, to develop and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4263.0,4270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintain our policies around PEPFAR to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4270.0,4273.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrepresent the U.S. in the international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4273.0,4276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forum around HIV issues. So, there was a defined structure, there were goals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4276.0,4282.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was money, and (there were) lots of pieces. Then what was not stated but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4282.0,4289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was also present was, there were a lot of pent-up passion and energy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4289.0,4296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interest in help trying to solve the HIV epidemic, and suddenly now you could do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4296.0,4303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Suddenly it wasn't an issue of, we need more money. Now it's an issue of, oh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4303.0,4311.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my gosh, how do we do this? How do we actually build up the health systems to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4311.0,4319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enable to provide this kind of service? My role in this initially--because I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4319.0,4326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the prevention branch chief that oversaw the PMTCT team and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4326.0,4331.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbecause it turned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4331.0,4332.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out that the PMTCT, the initial initiative was linked--I don't think it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4332.0,4337.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preplanned this way, but the experience that was gained from that was a bit of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4337.0,4344.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trial balloon, to see could we really expand and could the U.S. government work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4344.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together as a team and carry out something bigger. I had been involved in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4350.0,4356.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PMTCT initiative, the steering committees and the various parts of making that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4356.0,4361.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen. Then when this came along, when PEPFAR was announced, we had a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4361.0,4367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mobilization that had to occur. We were all getting involved and figuring out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4367.0,4372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the structure of this, what are the technical working groups and how do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4372.0,4378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I plug in, how does everybody plug into this. (It is) a whole new structure of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4378.0,4385.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things. As one of the branch chiefs, I was--everybody was involved-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4385.0,4390.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhat is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4390.0,4391.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this? What are we supposed to do? And all those things. I (was involved) pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4391.0,4397.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early on, I think around the summer, maybe about six months after the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4397.0,4402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"announcement of the initiative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4402.0,4404.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The announcement initiative didn't mean the flow of the funds started. Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4404.0,4409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to enact a law, the money had to get to the agencies There was a period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4409.0,4416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where this was an idea and a construct that needed to be done, but there wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4416.0,4423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually the money yet to do it. There was some start-up time there. But I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4423.0,4430.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the opportunity. I got called by [Dr.] Mark [R.] Dybul--Mark Dybul worked in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4430.0,4435.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr. Anthony S.] Tony Fauci' s office in NIH, and he was detailed to the HHS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4435.0,4442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Office of Global Health Affairs to help develop and actually to be the HHS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4442.0,4448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative for the PMTCT ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4448.0,4450.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ninitiative, the HHS lead on the PMTCT initiative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4450.0,4454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had been asked then, when PEPFAR started, to be detailed in to serve, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4454.0,4461.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe it was initially as the Deputy Coordinator, but anyway to be a lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4461.0,4468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person in the new Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator. That left vacant his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4468.0,4475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position as the HHS Coordinator of this new growing HIV initiative. He said, can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4475.0,4482.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you come up and help us with this, maybe for a few months? I said, sure. I ended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4482.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up being detailed up to Washington to work in the Office of Global Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4491.0,4498.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Affairs under the Director of the Office of Global Health Affairs, [William R.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4498.0,4504.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill Steiger, as the Coordinator of the HHS agencies. I was the technical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4504.0,4510.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative to all of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4510.0,4512.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe growing interagency structures in Washington that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4512.0,4515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were leading this. I ended up doing that for a year. I stayed living in Atlanta,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4515.0,4522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Monday through Friday every week we'd go up to Washington. I used to see the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4522.0,4529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same guys on the plane in the morning. I was doing that every week for a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4529.0,4537.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Wow. We can't let that go by. You just blithely said, sure, I'll come on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4537.0,4544.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. That sounds like it was quite a shift in what you'd been doing and an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4544.0,4551.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incredible challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4551.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, that was a slight truncation of the story. Obviously, the idea of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4552.0,4558.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC deploying somebody up to do this was a larger discussion than just my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4558.0,4564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personal situation, and others were supportive of CDC being involved. They saw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4564.0,4569.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous value in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4569.0,4570.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhaving CDC being represented in the interagency discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4570.0,4574.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being in the department. They thought that I could, having been involved in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4574.0,4580.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other stuff and being on a scale from being diplomatic to being a jerk, they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4580.0,4587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt like I was far enough along on the side of being trustworthy up in that environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4587.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What about your personality? I've known you, but can you say what about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4595.0,4601.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your personality worked for you in this setting, and what it took to deal with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4601.0,4608.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conflicts, the politics involved?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4608.0,4610.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: I try to think about that, because I feel like your personality is part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4610.0,4617.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of you. It's part of what people see about you, and it's part of--in an effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4617.0,4624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this, and actually all public health, where you're working with teams, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4624.0,4630.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ability to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4630.0,4631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwork in a team and move things forward and to attract people to work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4631.0,4639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with you, making the environment friendly for work, solving problems that can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4639.0,4645.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"avoid conflicts, or dealing with conflicts in a way that's productive, I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4645.0,4652.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are all very necessary things. While I'm not an expert in any specific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4652.0,4660.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ones of those, I think I've got some natural background or some natural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4660.0,4667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God-given abilities in being tolerant. I've had an interest in humor and seeing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4667.0,4674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the value that telling jokes has in the right situation at the right time, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4674.0,4682.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wrong times. At the right times it's useful. I actually developed some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4682.0,4689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personal interest in learning ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4689.0,4691.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nabout how does this all work, or why is it that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4691.0,4696.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people like to work with people who are more upbeat than downbeat. In my hobby","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4696.0,4702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time I was doing some reading and studying around that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4702.0,4706.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I had an interest in the science of working in groups, some abilities in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4706.0,4713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, and then I had a day-to-day laboratory of saying, what does it take. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4713.0,4719.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realize that a lot of the work is based on relationships and trust. Particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4719.0,4725.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this interagency environment, that if you have the right--if you can build up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4725.0,4731.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trust, people give you the benefit of the doubt. If you've lost that trust, they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4731.0,4737.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assume that you've got another agenda, and they'll withdraw. Building up that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4737.0,4742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trust becomes an asset that should be treasured and respected and developed. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4742.0,4748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think appreciating that myself, and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4748.0,4751.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nseeing how I can help others to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4751.0,4755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, has been part of one of the learning aspects, and I think one of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4755.0,4763.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sharing aspects that I've had the opportunity to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4763.0,4767.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How was it working for Bill Steiger and all that went on in that office?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4767.0,4775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Very, very interesting. What I had known about Bill Steiger before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4775.0,4781.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going up there was, he was the guy who was making us have every trip that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4781.0,4789.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have taken internationally approved, have every personnel decision approved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4789.0,4793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running a very, very tight ship, tighter than we felt was needed for us down at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4793.0,4801.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC. I came in with a bit of apprehension about that, having seen that--barely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4801.0,4808.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having met him--I had met him but hadn't worked with him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4808.0,4813.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nclosely. Even after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4813.0,4814.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working with him for a long time, many of those personality traits were still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4814.0,4821.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"present, but I really realized the value that he brought, both in terms of his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4821.0,4828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intensity and his personality. Also, the fact that he was a political appointee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4828.0,4834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a position of authority in an initiative like this was extremely valuable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4834.0,4840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His own personal abilities aside, which were tremendous, he also brought an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4840.0,4846.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"authority with him by virtue of being connected to the White House and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4846.0,4852.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leadership (there). People were aware that if he said something was going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4852.0,4858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen, he could make it happen. Whether he really could, we never really tried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4858.0,4865.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to test that, but the feeling was that his word was very important. I learned in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4865.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this that when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4872.0,4873.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyour mission is aligned with the political structure, it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4873.0,4878.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely valuable. It's not to be poo-poo'd as something not technical or not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4878.0,4885.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scientific. It's real. Working in an office where you could be helping to guide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4885.0,4892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that power through getting things done was just very interesting and dynamic. At","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4892.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same time the Global Fund [Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria] was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4899.0,4907.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting, and he was very active in that as well. It was a lot of learning for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4907.0,4916.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy from Atlanta to see how Washington works. I hadn't had so much day-to-day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4916.0,4923.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience with that before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4923.0,4925.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Do you have any particular recollections of meetings or politics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4925.0,4931.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"financial issues that stand out in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4931.0,4935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4935.0,4935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: There were a lot of meetings, and there were--some of the things that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4935.0,4941.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were most memorable for me were some of the--I was able to be involved, or at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4941.0,4948.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"least a participant, in some high-level meetings, like briefing Secretary [Tommy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4948.0,4953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"G.] Thompson on PEPFAR and joining lunch with Secretary Thompson and the Global","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4953.0,4958.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS Coordinator, Randall [L.] Tobias, and Bill Steiger. Having lunch, a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4958.0,4963.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foursome for lunch, and those kinds of things, which to me was like, what do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4963.0,4969.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they talk about? You learn what people really talk about and that kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4969.0,4975.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there were meetings like I was--one of the things in my role at HHS for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4975.0,4982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that year was the development of the structures of PEPFAR-- for example, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4982.0,4987.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deputy Principals Group brought together people that were the leadership group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4987.0,4992.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in agency, not the super leadership but the program ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4992.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nleadership, who connected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4996.0,4997.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policy to the staff, to the personnel structure, to the field work, and who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=4997.0,5004.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could really solve problems because they could navigate all the different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5004.0,5009.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"angles. You had the people from different agencies getting together every week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5009.0,5014.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go through all the issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5014.0,5017.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And you represented CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5017.0,5019.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, I was at those meetings from the beginning, and they were, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5019.0,5025.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very fascinating. The agendas were wide-ranging, from dealing with specific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5025.0,5029.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy issues like how are we going to do this, to the budget decisions, to just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5029.0,5036.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developing the guidance for how do we plan, how do we structure a planning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5036.0,5042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"process, what forms do we use, what indicators are we using for success,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5042.0,5048.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interpreting the data and making decisions and getting input from the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5048.0,5053.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical--just everything came together in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5053.0,5056.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsomewhat structured but also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5056.0,5058.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhat nascent and developing way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5058.0,5061.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What were the feelings then about CDC's role? You were representing CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5061.0,5068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you want to get across, or how do you think CDC fared in those -- in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5068.0,5078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that forum?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5078.0,5079.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: CDC, I felt like, was always struggling for appropriate recognition. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5079.0,5085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to, being in Atlanta, tend to not be quite as facile or as present in just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5085.0,5094.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a variety of ways. Our kids don't go to school with the kids in other agencies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5094.0,5103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you don't see people quite as much. We're not quite as good, I think, at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5103.0,5112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"playing the world of getting things done in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5112.0,5116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWashington. At the same time, we are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5116.0,5119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously an extremely powerful and important organization who knows a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5119.0,5124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff. I felt like we were--one of the jobs was to be recognized for our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5124.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capabilities. Another job was to really try to understand better what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5130.0,5134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"differences we bring to the table from what, say, USAID brought to the table and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5134.0,5140.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just really trying to understand that, so we could find common ground and not be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5140.0,5146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"battling. (It was) like speaking different languages and not knowing even what's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5146.0,5151.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driving them as an agency, and them not knowing what's driving us as an agency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5151.0,5157.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt like we had to really get everybody to know what CDC does and then just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5157.0,5164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constantly-- when you've got growing resources, people are always fighting over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5164.0,5168.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources, and there are always tricks that people play or games or slight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5168.0,5173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spinning of things. (I was) just always having to be vigilant about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5173.0,5178.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n what's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5178.0,5178.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really happening now, what are we really talking about here, and what are the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5178.0,5184.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implications (for CDC) of some of the decisions that are being made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5184.0,5189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt always very proud of being--if I looked around and said, which agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5189.0,5195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would I like to be representing here, there was no question that CDC was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5195.0,5201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cool agency that had so much capacity back home. We were junior in the field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5201.0,5207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I thought we really had a lot to learn. There were a lot of legitimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5207.0,5214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"critiques about how we operated, partly in ignorance of knowing all the rules of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5214.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the road in terms of the embassies and how management is done overseas, but also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5220.0,5226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may be coming more from the technical perspective than the diplomatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5226.0,5231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perspective. I think the problems that people had in the field were usually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5231.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5237.0,5237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they didn't know their technical world, but because they didn't know how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5237.0,5242.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to behave themselves or operate or be smooth enough to develop the relationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5242.0,5247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas. Recognizing that and being able to communicate back, and everybody was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5247.0,5252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realizing this, that we really need to make sure that we've got the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5252.0,5257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combination of technical expertise and human emotional intelligence that it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5257.0,5261.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"takes to operate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5261.0,5262.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: For our people in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5262.0,5265.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, for our people in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5265.0,5268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Were you in a position to try and advocate for resources for CDC, or was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5268.0,5274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that at the higher level?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5274.0,5276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: The way the PEPFAR planning process went, most of the resources were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5276.0,5281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allocated on the basis of country-developed plans. The allocation of most of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5281.0,5286.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources was to the countries: this much money went to Tanzania or this much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5286.0,5291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money was allocated to Côte d'Ivoire. It was up to the country teams then to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5291.0,5297.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5297.0,5298.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith plans that utilized those funds. The real negotiations were more at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5298.0,5303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country level than at the headquarters level, although when things got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5303.0,5308.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rolled up, the headquarters had to be really looking at each of the countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5308.0,5314.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there were central projects that we were needing to advocate for--it wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5314.0,5319.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so much to get money, it was to be able to do the activities that we thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5319.0,5326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were important to do and to maybe not spend money on things that we thought were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5326.0,5333.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not useful. It really wasn't the amount of money as much as making sure that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5333.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approaches that we thought were important to do could be funded enough to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5340.0,5346.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, and they would be overseen by people who were technically qualified enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5346.0,5351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to oversee them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5351.0,5352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: In these Deputy Principals meetings, did you feel you were looking out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5352.0,5357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for CDC, looking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5357.0,5358.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nafter CDC, defending CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5358.0,5360.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, some of the time. I would say more of the time was spent feeling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5360.0,5366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like part of a start-up organization that was not so much defending our piece of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5366.0,5372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it as much as figuring out how the whole thing should work. I feel like there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5372.0,5378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a true spirit of--Ambassador Tobias used to say, take your uniforms off at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5378.0,5384.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the door in PEPFAR and come in, not really there to represent your agency as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5384.0,5390.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much as to be part of a bigger effort. I think you can only go so far with that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5390.0,5398.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I felt like we went pretty far with that and got to a point where you could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5398.0,5405.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a conversation with your peers in other agencies that wasn't always tainted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5405.0,5410.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a feeling like you're trying to get something from me, but rather trying to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5410.0,5416.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, how can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5416.0,5417.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwe make this work the best, because the stakes are high. We were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5417.0,5423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really trying to help people's lives, and there's a bigger mission involved than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5423.0,5429.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to make sure your agency is getting the right--I guess I always felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5429.0,5436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confident that we were always going to be playing a strong role, and that if we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5436.0,5444.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did the right--if the whole mission was successful, that our part in it would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5444.0,5451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of that. While there was energy spent on defending the agency, that wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5451.0,5458.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dominant feeling. The dominant feeling was one of really figuring out how do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5458.0,5465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you do a large, difficult interagency mission, working in multiple other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5465.0,5470.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries, with real human beings operating, representing and benefiting from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5470.0,5475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5475.0,5475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5475.0,5476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: This was a strong political climate, as is often the case. Can you tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5476.0,5484.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us a little bit about how the political and social environment (affected)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5484.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PEPFAR, maybe primarily in those early years, in terms of prevention, drug use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5490.0,5497.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prostitution and so on? How did that play out in terms of the policies for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5497.0,5505.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PEPFAR and the first PEPFAR?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5505.0,5508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: PEPFAR is part of--what it brought to the world, part of it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5508.0,5515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources, part of it was the strength of U.S. government and the influence that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5515.0,5522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S. government can have. Part of it was bringing the science that had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5522.0,5529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed on how you can prevent HIV transmission and how you can treat people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5529.0,5536.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with HIV ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5536.0,5537.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ninfection. The technical guidance was important, although WHO provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5537.0,5542.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its set of guidance and we contribute to that. In terms of the guidance towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5542.0,5551.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we are going to fund to implement, PEPFAR said, we are going to support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5551.0,5560.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these interventions because they have a science base to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5560.0,5566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In general, there was not much controversy over most of what we were doing. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5566.0,5575.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think the biggest controversy was probably over the issue of prevention, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5575.0,5583.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allocation of funding that was assigned to specific approaches to prevention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5583.0,5589.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that involved the famous ABC program of Abstinence, Be Faithful, and use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5589.0,5596.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Condoms. There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5596.0,5598.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrestrictions-- there needed to be a percentage of the funds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5598.0,5603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was allocated to that area. There was controversy over that, particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5603.0,5609.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the controversy over whether this was more of a public health-supported approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5609.0,5615.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more of a socially oriented approach. Are we implementing morality or are we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5615.0,5622.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implementing public health? There was data that would suggest that maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5622.0,5628.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abstinence in many environments is very difficult to implement, because of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5628.0,5634.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dynamics that were happening and the sexual encounters that were leading to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5634.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission. There was not so much voluntarism to that perhaps, or the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5640.0,5646.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to implement that strategy may be very difficult in many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5646.0,5652.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environments. There was controversy over how much funding should go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5652.0,5658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n ABC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5658.0,5658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"component of this, but I felt like it was not a major piece. It wasn't a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5658.0,5666.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show-stopper in terms of being able to get everybody to agree that PEPFAR is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5666.0,5673.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good way forward. Yes, you could disagree that maybe we could do better with our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5673.0,5680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approaches, but it was really a relatively smaller part of what we were doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5680.0,5687.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over time, I think, when you have data and you then are able to show what you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5687.0,5695.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing is effective, you really can convince people who were having their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5695.0,5701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opinions in play that there are evidence-based ways of doing this. So, I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5701.0,5708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was one area. There was concern when Ambassador Tobias was named to be the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5708.0,5715.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coordinator. Having ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5715.0,5716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbeen the CEO [Chief Executive Officer] of Eli Lilly Company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5716.0,5720.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a buzz in the very beginning of PEPFAR that this is all a big scheme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5720.0,5728.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the pharmacy industry in the U.S. to be getting a lot of money, because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5728.0,5735.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're going to put all their money--they're going to buy all the U.S. drugs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5735.0,5741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all this money that's helping these countries is actually going through the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5741.0,5747.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drug companies. That led to the beginnings of feeling of, I wonder if we should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5747.0,5754.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really trust this initiative. It took effort to squash that, but I thought a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5754.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very interesting effort, which was to work with the--have the FDA [United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5760.0,5766.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food and Drug Administration] say that--because there were two issues, with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5766.0,5771.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choice between going with the innovator companies, the major drug companies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5771.0,5776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5776.0,5776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe generic drug companies. The generic drugs will be much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5776.0,5781.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inexpensive. For the innovator drugs, these companies have invested heavily in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5781.0,5786.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the research needed to develop these drugs, and they need to recoup those resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5786.0,5792.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And the generic drugs were primarily from India--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5792.0,5796.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: India, and some from Brazil, and South Africa started making (drugs) at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5796.0,5802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some point. WHO had a system for--so the issue was, is the quality--are we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5802.0,5808.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dealing with a quality issue, or are we dealing with an intellectual property","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5808.0,5814.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue? I think PEPFAR cleverly dissociated those, too, by saying, we really want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5814.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure we're not providing lower-quality drugs to people in Africa than we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5820.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are to people in the United States, because that's not right to do. We're not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5826.0,5833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5833.0,5834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat, but we're not going to insist that all the drugs that are used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5834.0,5841.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be licensed by the FDA for use in the United States, because that's not what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5841.0,5848.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're doing with PEPFAR. Furthermore, that would be very disruptive to our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5848.0,5854.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pharmaceutical industry, and it would be disincentives for continuing to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5854.0,5859.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"innovate and develop new drugs. By using the--WHO then had a system for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5859.0,5865.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"qualifying drugs on their technical merit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5865.0,5868.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What PEPFAR did was work with the FDA to develop a new classification for drugs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5868.0,5875.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would call them tentatively approved, meaning that they passed the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5875.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical qualifications for being an effective drug. They had the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5880.0,5885.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"components, their formulation was correct, they were handled in a safe way that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5885.0,5891.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't degrade their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5891.0,5892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nquality, but they're not necessarily licensed for use in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5892.0,5896.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States, they're not fully qualified for that use. By differentiating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5896.0,5902.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those, and then by saying PEPFAR is willing to invest in these tentatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5902.0,5908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approved drugs, means that PEPFAR can assure the quality and PEPFAR can be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5908.0,5914.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"providing the low cost. Furthermore, we can squash the rumor that this was all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5914.0,5921.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about bringing funding to the drug companies. I think that then allowed more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5921.0,5927.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drugs to be bought, more treatment to be provided with the same amount of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5927.0,5934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funding. It really was a clever way of doing it, and it also isolated off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5934.0,5941.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the--it didn't threaten the drug companies so much by saying, everything's going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5941.0,5947.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be generic. There was still some control over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5947.0,5952.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nintellectual property side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5952.0,5953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5953.0,5954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Fascinating history. You came back to Atlanta, and at that point you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5954.0,5960.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assumed a leadership position in managing the Global AIDS Program. Can you tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5960.0,5966.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us a little bit about your role when you returned to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5966.0,5972.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. I was in Washington 2003 and 2004. I was a branch chief in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5972.0,5980.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prevention Branch, and then I moved to the Care and Treatment Branch. I did some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5980.0,5987.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shuffling around and then was taking a stint as the deputy director, as an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5987.0,5994.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acting deputy director, at the time when the selection was made of a new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=5994.0,6001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director. Eugene McCray was director. He stepped down, and there was a period of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6001.0,6008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an acting director while recruitment was undertaken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6008.0,6011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfor a new director. A new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6011.0,6014.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director was brought in from outside of CDC, from the U.S. military HIV program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6014.0,6022.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ambassador [Dr. Deborah L.] Debbie Birx--she wasn't ambassador then, but Colonel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6022.0,6028.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Debbie Birx or Debbie Birx, was chosen to be the director. At the time I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6028.0,6037.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acting deputy director. She eventually asked me to stay on as the deputy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6037.0,6044.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director, so that was my official role, as deputy director for the program. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6044.0,6052.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that meant was, I was working with Dr. Birx as the Office of the Director and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6052.0,6061.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managing this whole thing. I continued being on the Deputy Principals group. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6061.0,6068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"split up, or we together managed the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6068.0,6072.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nheadquarters operations. We figured out--or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6072.0,6074.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we split up the countries, in terms of figuring out who all is going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6074.0,6081.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseeing the country activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6081.0,6083.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: At that time, about how many people were working for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6083.0,6088.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Probably--in terms of U.S. direct-hire people at headquarters and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6088.0,6093.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field, probably two or three hundred, and then maybe hundreds more local staff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6093.0,6099.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a big operation. There were a lot of countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6099.0,6104.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How many countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6104.0,6106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: I don't know. A lot. There were your focus countries of PEPFAR, there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6106.0,6112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were fourteen and eventually fifteen, and then probably another ten or so that\nwe were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6112.0,6119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty active in, that were not the (focus) countries, so in the twenties of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6119.0,6125.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries around the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6125.0,6127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: At its peak, I think about 40.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6127.0,6131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Quite possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6131.0,6132.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6132.0,6133.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhuge infrastructure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6133.0,6134.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, and lots of different--I thought of them as different fronts. Like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6134.0,6139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other division at CDC managing all its headquarters people--you know, that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6139.0,6144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means their PMAPs [Performance Management Assessment Program] and their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6144.0,6148.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recruiting and their pay and their authority and their organizational structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6148.0,6152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then you have, as an interagency mission, you have engaging with other agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6152.0,6157.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and working together with all the agencies. You had a Washington front and all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6157.0,6162.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that takes to make that work, and then you had this huge field operation. You've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6162.0,6168.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got field offices, and some of them are in vulnerable and difficult situations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6168.0,6173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where people are getting shot at or other things are happening that you need to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6173.0,6179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be on top of. You're needing to help make it work, make the program work in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6179.0,6185.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6185.0,6186.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did you like the management aspect?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6186.0,6189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, I liked the management aspect. I think I moved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6189.0,6193.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfrom--I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6193.0,6194.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably around the time when I came back from Thailand, that was probably my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6194.0,6201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inflection point between really feeling like I was on top of any particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6201.0,6207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical area and moving more into management and making things work. I like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6207.0,6213.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I think there are always interesting challenges. You can bring a human","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6213.0,6219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"element into it because we're always dealing with people, so you've got all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6219.0,6225.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those complexities to deal with. Those are often very difficult but real, real things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6225.0,6232.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You traveled quite a bit during those years also, to fields, to countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6232.0,6239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: And to Washington every week for the Deputy Principals meeting. Every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6239.0,6245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monday I used to go up at 7:20 and come back at 6:00.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6245.0,6251.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6251.0,6253.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfind in the countries during the early years, 2003-4 and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6253.0,6259.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, before the big scale-up of antiretroviral therapy? Do you have any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6259.0,6265.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular memories of certain countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6265.0,6268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: To be honest, most of my work, because I was more in management at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6268.0,6276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point and also because of the roles that CDC plays, we're not really the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6276.0,6283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hands-on doctors taking care of people, usually. We are usually several layers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6283.0,6289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"removed from real people. Saying many opportunities, so most of my observation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6289.0,6295.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how the epidemic was really playing out was usually staged. I would go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6295.0,6303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"site visits and see people. I'd go to places and see people, but they were hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6303.0,6311.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selected--it was an environment that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6311.0,6314.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nprobably not exactly reflective of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6314.0,6318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real world. But you also do see the real world. You see clinics where people are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6318.0,6328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waiting all day long for care, patiently waiting, a huge flow of patients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6328.0,6336.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through systems, facilities that don't have some of the basic things like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6336.0,6344.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"handwashing or privacy or shade. (These were) just really difficult environments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6344.0,6351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where people were nonetheless coming for services and being cared for by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6351.0,6359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overworked staff. You definitely got a feel for the struggles of implementing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6359.0,6367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something as complicated as HIV and treatment in environments that were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6367.0,6374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnot used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6374.0,6375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that and having to really build up those capacities at every level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6375.0,6382.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did things improve? Do you remember things improving as the years went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6382.0,6389.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by? Were you out and about enough to notice that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6389.0,6395.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, there were things like recordkeeping, where you move from logbooks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6395.0,6402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were very cumbersome to much more efficient data systems. In the facilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6402.0,6409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves, I definitely saw a trend towards improvements in facilities, where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6409.0,6415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got paint and normal flow. Then (there was) just the chance to talk to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6415.0,6423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctors and nurses. You saw people really, I thought, very quickly learning what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6423.0,6430.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they needed to learn, knowing about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6430.0,6433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npatients. Perhaps it was staged, but I don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6433.0,6437.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think so. You can talk to people, and they'll know their CD4 count or they'll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6437.0,6445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand what the viral load is. Really you do get a feeling like this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6445.0,6453.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working, things are getting-- information and procedures are getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6453.0,6458.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disseminated in a way that's leading to the prevention of HIV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6458.0,6464.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Before we move off that, is there anything else you want to say about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6464.0,6472.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your time as Deputy Director of the Global AIDS Program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6472.0,6477.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: It was fascinating. Personally, working with Ambassador Birx was a real","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6477.0,6483.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treat. A real treat--part treat, partly overwhelming. She brought a vision to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6483.0,6489.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the work and a confidence in people that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6489.0,6493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas higher than even they had in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6493.0,6496.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what they could do. She really had a knack for pushing people to their limits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6496.0,6502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get this job done, and a real passion for stopping the AIDS epidemic. Just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6502.0,6508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observing her and trying to--I played a role sometimes just translating her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6508.0,6513.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vision into practice, because she sometimes was cryptic. She had a very clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6513.0,6518.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"image of what she wanted to do. She might say it very quickly and expect it to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6518.0,6525.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be done, and people didn't even hear it. I'd sometimes be playing the role of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6525.0,6531.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(interpreting) what did she mean, what are we supposed to do, which I didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6531.0,6537.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always know myself, but I would help to do that. Then (it was a treat) just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6537.0,6543.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeing her vision and her strategy work. I think personally that was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6543.0,6548.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exhausting but really interesting time, to learn a lot about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6548.0,6552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nleadership and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6552.0,6553.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strategic thinking and human elements. Once we flew out to the West Coast for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6553.0,6561.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like four hours to deal with a personnel problem, and then came back to Atlanta,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6561.0,6569.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bringing somebody in from an overseas site to talk about a personnel issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6569.0,6576.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(That she had) just the willingness to go to any end to solve problems was fascinating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6576.0,6585.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: There's so much more, but before we end-- you left CDC in 2010, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6585.0,6594.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you want to tell us a little bit about what you did after that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6594.0,6602.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, I was in the Commissioned Corps [of the Public Health Service]. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6602.0,6610.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had completed my twenty year commitment ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6610.0,6613.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nto the Commissioned Corps in 2010. I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6613.0,6617.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around fifty-six years old at the time, and I was thinking if I'm ever going to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6617.0,6624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something else, now would be a good time to do it. I ended up going to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6624.0,6631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Because my work often was involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6631.0,6636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their mission of stopping AIDS in children, I was very familiar with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6636.0,6642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organization and thought it was a good one. It was involved in our Track One","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6642.0,6649.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Treatment Program, for instance. I thought this would be an interesting place to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6649.0,6655.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, with an interesting mission. I feel like I would know what they're doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6655.0,6661.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but really have a new perspective to offer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6661.0,6665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you tell us when and why it was created?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6665.0,6670.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes. The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation--It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6670.0,6674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnamed after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6674.0,6675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elizabeth Glaser, who was herself infected with HIV through a blood transfusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6675.0,6681.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She then went on and infected, unbeknownst to her, two of her children. One of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6681.0,6688.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them died. One of them is still alive and healthy on treatment. At the time --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6688.0,6696.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was early in the epidemic in the early 1980's--there were no interventions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6696.0,6702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for children, and so she was an advocate. She was plugged into Hollywood and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6702.0,6709.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politics through her husband, Paul [Michael] Glaser, who was an actor in Starsky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6709.0,6715.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Hutch on TV, and so she had access to soapboxes. She herself was just a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6715.0,6723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong advocate. So the combination--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6723.0,6725.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And she died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6725.0,6727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: And she died of HIV herself, but not until she was able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6727.0,6734.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlaunch a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6734.0,6735.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mission to address AIDS in children. I think it's working in an organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6735.0,6740.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have that kind of starting story that continues to draw people in to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6740.0,6745.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work on it. It affects people personally-- they want to help contribute to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6745.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was part of its attractiveness and part of its effectiveness as an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6750.0,6755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organization. It allowed me to see how the U.S. government doesn't quite have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6755.0,6760.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of mission statement. We're a very different kind of organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6760.0,6764.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Having a smaller organization and a strong mission and being a little bit more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6764.0,6769.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flexible in terms of how you can influence things than the U.S. government, all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6769.0,6774.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those were very attractive and I think a very positive part of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6774.0,6779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience. I got to see CDC from the perspective of somebody who gets money and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6779.0,6784.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needs to follow CDC regulations and--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6784.0,6786.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How was that? How was it getting money from CDC and needing to follow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6786.0,6791.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their regulations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6791.0,6792.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: One thing I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6792.0,6793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrealized, working in a nongovernmental organization like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6793.0,6796.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, is you're always needing to think about where your next dollars are coming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6796.0,6801.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from. In the U.S. government we have a different flow of resources through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6801.0,6806.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congress and a different process. In an NGO like this, it's always like, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6806.0,6811.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we got a grant for this period-- we've got fifteen grants we're putting together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6811.0,6816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're always trying to find business, so that's one aspect of it. But the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6816.0,6822.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is, you're really on the ground more, at a closer level than the U.S. government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6822.0,6828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. You're hiring the people in the clinics, you're buying the equipment, you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6828.0,6833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really in the thick of things. I actually saw more about the AIDS epidemic in my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6833.0,6839.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field visits with Elizabeth Glaser Pediatrics AIDS Foundation. (I saw) a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6839.0,6843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different aspect to it there than I ever did from CDC. So it was very good. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6843.0,6849.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended up coming back to CDC because it was geographically difficult to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6849.0,6853.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwork in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6853.0,6854.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington. My wife kept her job in Atlanta, so we were doing some commuting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6854.0,6860.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that didn't make sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6860.0,6862.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You must have had a lot of frequent flyer miles over the years. Did you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6862.0,6869.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become a platinum?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6869.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, I'm getting close to three million miles on Delta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6870.0,6875.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Then you came back to CDC, and now currently?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6875.0,6879.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes, I came back to CDC in what's now the Division of Global HIV and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6879.0,6886.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TB, the descendant of the initial Global AIDS Program, as a regional manager. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6886.0,6892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed a structure of a full-time position overseeing the offices in a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6892.0,6898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of countries. I was overseeing the Asia and Europe offices. I did that for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6898.0,6904.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple of years, and now I'm in the process of transitioning to be the Country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6904.0,6910.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Director for CDC's office in China. China is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6910.0,6913.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnow developing its own economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6913.0,6915.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allowing it to have the resources to run its own public health system. They're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6915.0,6921.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still interested in seeing how they can be global health players themselves, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6921.0,6927.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they look to the U.S. CDC to be teachers in a way of helping the China CDC to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6927.0,6935.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"develop their global health capacity. We'll be working in that kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6935.0,6940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environment with another global health player in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6940.0,6944.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So (you have) come full circle from your early studies of Chinese to --","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6944.0,6951.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6951.0,6952.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How is your Chinese? Is it functioning for you at all in terms of communicating?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6952.0,6959.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: I noticed that since I started studying Chinese I've gotten older.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6959.0,6964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: It's much harder to learn a language--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6964.0,6968.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: It's harder to even remember the English words and the English names, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6968.0,6974.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbut we'll see. Come back in a couple of years and ask me. I've got a base that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6974.0,6983.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hopefully I can draw on, and we'll see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6983.0,6987.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Yes. In conclusion, you've played a leading role in so many aspects of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6987.0,6994.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Any concluding thoughts on how this has affected you and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=6994.0,7000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7000.0,7001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: Personally, I just feel like I've had a very lucky career. Like coming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7001.0,7008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into working on HIV/AIDS at the beginning of my CDC career, being present in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7008.0,7015.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time when you began having an intervention to prevent children from becoming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7015.0,7021.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infected, and the opportunity to help with that in the U.S. and help with that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7021.0,7028.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Thailand. That experience itself in Thailand contributed to the confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7028.0,7033.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the U.S. government had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7033.0,7035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin investing more heavily. Preventing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7035.0,7038.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-to-child transmission became an important key to unlocking the resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7038.0,7043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for HIV/AIDS. (I had) the ability to be following all that through my career and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7043.0,7051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applying my epidemiology initially. My intracultural abilities that developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7051.0,7056.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along the way and my management experience (allowed me to) apply different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7056.0,7062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things in different components of that. It has just been very rewarding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7062.0,7068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My family had to put up with a lot of absence of me. That's never easy, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7068.0,7077.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunately this parallels the history of email. I remember getting my very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7077.0,7083.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first emails from my kids when I did my first visits to Thailand. I think the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7083.0,7091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communications helped, but there are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7091.0,7094.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsacrifices that your family makes when you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7094.0,7100.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are engaged in something as all-consuming as this. It's a balance of being part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7100.0,7111.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of something big that's very important and trying to play the unique role that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7111.0,7122.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have as a father and a husband all at the same time, but you do what you can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7122.0,7138.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Yes. It sounds like you've done a pretty good job. Thanks very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7138.0,7149.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/transcript/69531/annotation/1291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SIMONDS: You're welcome. Thank you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=7149.0,7153.0"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/index/85096","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["content172427651920240821-522984-ie0t5l.xml [English] [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/index/85096/annotation/1292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background/Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=79.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/index/85096/annotation/1293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simonds talks about his education and how his interest in neurolinguistics introduced him to his wife and the world of medicine and CDC. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=79.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/index/85096/annotation/1294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you tell me about where you grew up, your early family life, and then where you ended up going to college?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052#t=79.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/134264/file/249052/index/85096/annotation/1295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EIS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epidemic Intelligence Service","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hawaii School of Medicine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"U. 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