{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/wd3pv6d62h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Forson, Michael Akyeamfo"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Akyeamfo Forson describes his work on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program as a UNICEF (New York) Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) specialist, headquarters consultant for UNICEF in Guinea worm endemic countries, and with UNICEF's Guinea worm eradication support in Ghana. Interviewed by Nancy Hilyer.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights, and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum. Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from the David J. Sencer CDC Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-02-16"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Oral History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Michael Akyeamfo Forson (Interviewee)","Nancy Hilyer (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["CDC Museum Oral History Collection: Guinea Worm (is part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Akyeamfo Forson describes his work on the Guinea Worm Eradication Program as a UNICEF (New York) Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) specialist, headquarters consultant for UNICEF in Guinea worm endemic countries, and with UNICEF's Guinea worm eradication support in Ghana. Interviewed by Nancy Hilyer.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights, and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum. Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from the David J. Sencer CDC Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/257/472/small/20110216_Michael__Forson_A._HEADSHOT_CROP.JPG?1732748095","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 20110216_Michael__Forson_A._AUDIO.mp3"]},"duration":2642.41638,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/257/472/small/20110216_Michael__Forson_A._HEADSHOT_CROP.JPG?1732748095","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/257/472/original/20110216_Michael__Forson_A._AUDIO.mp3?1732747057","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2642.41638,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Forson, Michael Akyeamfo Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e This is an interview with Michael [Akyeamfo] Forson. This interview is about his life and his activities with the Guinea Worm Eradication Program. This interview is being conducted at the Indigo Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia on Wednesday, February 16, 2011. The interviewer is Nancy Hilyer. To begin with, I want to thank you on behalf of David J. Sencer, who initiated this project to document oral histories from persons who have been instrumental in eradicating Guinea worm from the world, and you are one of those persons. Michael, would you please state your full name and state for the record that you know this interview is being recorded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=5.83857,50.79582"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Michael Akyeamfo Forson, and I am aware that this interview is being recorded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=50.79582,57.41995"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, thank you. Okay, first of all, you are representing UNICEF [United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund] at this international review of countries that remain with Guinea worm here at The Carter Center. Tell me about your current position with UNICEF, and what led you to this position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=57.41995,78.04127"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. Yeah, my current position with UNICEF is a, I am a WASH Specialist——when we say WASH it’s water, sanitation, and hygiene. It used to be WES, water, environment, and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=78.04127,91.58321"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember that it used to be WES just a few years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=91.58321,94.85289"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it is now WASH because——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=94.85289,97.44811"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That is the acronym.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=97.44811,98.64999"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e ——water, sanitation, and hygiene. Yeah, I am a WASH specialist, and I just got transferred to New York to take up a new position. And within this position I have four main schedules: one of them is the Guinea worm. So, what I do in the Guinea worm, which is relevant to this interview, so [it is] what I will talk about, is that I render support to countries that are still Guinea worm endemic, and then UNICEF is programming in those countries, so that together we can work and see how best we can eradicate Guinea worm from the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=98.64999,135.857"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And will you be travelling out to these countries? Or do you do that from the office in New York?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=135.857,142.58822"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I'll be traveling out to these countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=142.58822,144.45381"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You will be traveling out a good bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=144.45381,145.38664"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=145.38664,147.29779"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What has been, and is, the role of UNICEF in the [Guinea worm] eradication effort? I know UNICEF was a major support in the three countries that Elvin [Hilyer] and I have been in: Uganda, Sudan, and Ghana. But what is its role in this eradication program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=147.29779,169.24594"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I usually call it a partnership. In this partnership UNICEF's role actually is to look at the water supply component of the eradication program. But you see, one may just look at it as a physical engineering intervention, but then there is the behavior change component that goes with the water supply. So, what UNICEF do is we strategically try to refocus our interventions in water supply in these countries that are Guinea worm endemic, towards the provision of safe water and proper hygiene behavior changes, so that it will be able to help. Like, for example, when you talk of just filtering the water, it's an issue of behavior; it's a behavior change. So, all these come in the package that UNICEF deliver. In some other countries, especially I quite remember in Ghana, UNICEF was also involved in the surveillance in the early stages, logistics support, surveillance, until we reached a point where the partnership was very strong, and we limited ourselves to water supply and behavior change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=169.24594,240.63784"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Who makes that decision? Do you make that decision of how you will be supporting a particular country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=240.63784,247.93176"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Globally UNICEF is known as one of the heavyweights in water supply. And Guinea worm is——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=247.93176,256.28251"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It fits into that perfectly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=256.28251,257.8603"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, water supply is very vital for Guinea worm. I won't call it the magic bullet, but I would say it's very essential to keep a country at zero cases. When a country breaks transmission, water supply is very essential to keep the country——if not, they will go back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=257.8603,277.00517"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And not just for Guinea worm, actually, for many diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=277.00517,281.27122"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, for the water-borne, water-related diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=281.27122,283.98107"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You have had practical experience in water sanitation programs in countries with Guinea worm. You know, we worked with you in Ghana, obviously, clean water is key to the eradication program. Tell me about how UNICEF gets clean water: what do you do? I know there are boreholes. Is that the total picture, boreholes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=283.98107,310.87539"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really, you see, talking about the water supply, how we go by the water supply: one is we try to look at the most cost-effective way to get safe water. Okay? Cost effective and sustainable. For example, where you have a number of options, then you do an assessment, a feasibility study, and then you choose the most cost effective and sustainable [option]. Because the issue is you are dealing with the rural folk, with the rural people, so, when we talk of sustainability, after putting in the water supply, who maintains it? Why do you put in a complex water system where they would have to be buying treatment chemicals and all those things, when you know they can't afford it at the community level? The most sustainable water source that we usually go for is the ground water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=310.87539,374.14993"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Ground water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=374.14993,375.80968"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e That is why you see a lot of boreholes, because boreholes is very cheap, because you don't need to treat the water. It's already treated underground; it’s purified, because it's water that moves from the surface, filters through the earth——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=375.80968,390.79335"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It gets filtered naturally?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=390.79335,391.87838"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, gets filtered naturally before it’s——I mean, stored in the, in the earth, you see, what we usually call the, I mean, is stored in the rocks, in the——I mean, under the earth. So, when you get this water, it is pure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=391.87838,412.03627"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e All over the world is that true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=412.03627,413.20281"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e All over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=413.20281,414.11664"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=414.11664,415.06945"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e But there are one or two situations where the groundwater may have some high chemical components like fluoride, some may be high in iron, and that may need some treatment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=415.06945,425.15107"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sulfur, sulfur?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=425.15107,426.40168"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, you see, so based on what you get; like some cases like iron and sulfur you can aerate it, introduce air bubble through it, and it's okay. But where you have salt intrusion and those things, it becomes a bit complex——so that is one. Then the second, there are times too, some places, you just don't get the ground water. It's a very dry, arid situation. So, where we have such situations like this, and there is a surface water that's good, I mean good through the dry season, that has enough volume, we try to create infiltration beds that we filter the water through for the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=426.40168,468.3361"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Filtration beds?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=468.3361,469.90028"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we use sand filters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=469.90028,472.2863"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sand filters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=472.2863,474.03103"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we just create a bed of sand that we——the water comes on and filters through and comes out clean, and they are able to drink it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=474.03103,481.20839"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have any of those in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=481.20839,484.2692"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we have done——after you left, we did a couple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=484.2692,485.79432"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you really, did you really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=485.79432,488.77678"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Chirifoyili is an example in Tolon [Ghana]. We have——is it, Gbungbaliga [Ghana] also? A couple of them we have filtration beds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=488.77678,499.07727"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, explain that a little bit to me, a sand filter? You, you dig a hole?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=499.07727,503.41794"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, what happens, it's like the open pond——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=503.41794,505.86579"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, an open pond is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=505.86579,507.40834"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that the cows and the people, they all go and drink.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=507.40834,510.86197"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=510.86197,512.1319"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So, we can create a well by its side, and then by the well we have pipes. You see, we just——as the well is here, we dig a layer first before, where we put perforated pipes, cover it with jute, jute sack, and then fill it with a sand, which is permeable to allow infiltration. So, this pipe now leads into that well. So, the dirty water now filters through the sand, through the jute sack——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=512.1319,544.70026"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Into a well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=544.70026,545.80553"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e ——and then into the pipe and goes into the well, where we put the hand pumps on the well. Then you can fetch from it, and you get the water clean. If the water is too tepid, that is, it very, I mean dirty and so much clay——I am trying to use the layman's language, not technical——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=545.80553,562.26839"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=562.26839,564.28576"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e You see, too much clay that, it——I mean it clogs the filter. Then what we do is we create one that requires a settling tank. So, we first pump the water up, into a tank where the first batch of clay settle, and then by gravity it goes to the filter bed, and filters into a clear well where they fetch it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=564.28576,587.42804"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What is more expensive, these beds or boreholes? Or——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=587.42804,591.87766"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It all depends on the situation. These beds, at times you may look at it as expensive, but then where we have no choice and no option, we go for——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=591.87766,601.35678"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You would try boreholes first? They are simpler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=601.35678,603.37225"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Like Chirifoyili, for example, we've drilled boreholes a couple of times——all dry. Meanwhile they have this big dam that was the Guinea worm——that was creating the problem for Guinea worm. So donating is fine. Let’s make the water safe and we pump in some money, and it worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=603.37225,620.70174"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Really? How exciting, really very exciting, isn’t it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=620.70174,623.94987"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e You need to go back to Chirifoyili and have a look at these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=623.94987,626.16661"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I do need to go back, and I do need to see that. Boreholes, aren't they problematic with things breaking and isn't that somewhat of a problematic answer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=626.16661,638.29806"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It's all the issue about sustainability. You see, where——you see this is the challenge we've had on this program, because water supply, if you look at Guinea worm you say it's an eradication program, so, it's like the military; move in, bang in things, get it out, and you move on. But water supply is a bit different, in the sense that you take the engineering approach, I'm a typical engineer, we can just go in, do the hydrological studies, fix the wells, fix the hand-pumps, and then we move on. But then who owns the pump? When there is a problem with it, that means we have to come back. So just imagine as we are going, dotting the boreholes, the numbers move from single digits, to tens, to twenties, to hundreds——and now you get thousands. Can you come back to all these wells again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=638.29806,695.33223"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Spend the rest of——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=695.33223,697.51829"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So, this is where we introduce the community ownership and management; this is where the community mobilization comes in. So, before we put in the well, we mobilize the community. We train them to own it. That is where the community end up, by maybe selling the water for a token to generate some money, so that when a hand-pump break down, they can fix it, and they don't need to wait. Because if we have to come back to thousands of wells, it would take years before we reach someone whose hand-pump is broken down. And interestingly, let me share this experience with you in the northern Ghana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=697.51829,736.82652"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=736.82652,737.6794"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e You know because of these break downs of hand pumps, because we are putting in pumps, we were moving, they are breaking down soon. One of our partners, the Church of Christ Rural Water Development Program, managed to mobilize the area mechanics, the pump artisans-mechanics, and then trained them to form an association where they have their constitution drawn and now, they have shared the pumps among themselves. So, each mechanic is in charge of about ten pumps in an area where he visits regularly to make sure things are okay. And the communities know which mechanic to contact if there is a problem. So, this has really solved some of the problems in the northern Ghana, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=737.6794,780.1139"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s a beautiful solving too because it gives a person work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=780.1139,784.86491"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it creates work for the private sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=784.86491,786.93279"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it does. Well, what a smart thing. Who thought of that, Michael?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=786.93279,791.44286"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we’ve been battling with this in the water sector for long——the sustainability. It's coupled with the supply chains. You see, there are parts in it: one making the spare parts available, is one, then two the cost of the spare parts, then three the personnel to manage it. And I must be honest with you, the spare parts don’t wear off quick. So, it’s not a lucrative business for those who would sell the spare parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=791.44286,821.0184"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e They don’t wear out quickly? Do not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=821.0184,823.3733"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they don’t wear out quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=823.3733,824.62125"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, so it is not a good business to——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=824.62125,826.22526"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e If you install it well, a pump can be in operation for two to three years before you get just one part going bad. And at times that part may cost just about fifty cents. So most——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=826.22526,842.0691"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s not a good business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=842.0691,844.05358"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the artisans, we tried to look for people who are already, like bicycle mechanics and all, who have something doing. So that this become a top up to their business, you see? And then the other thing is the availability of the spare parts; if you just release it, the prices vary. So, at the same time, the government also come in to try to make sure the prices are regulated, so that to be affordable by the village folks, you know, in order to replace their——and this is——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=844.05358,876.58063"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s not simplistic is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=876.58063,878.68353"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It is not that simple. And this one thing that I personally saw as a challenge to the Guinea Worm [Eradication] Program, because we had a lot of communities in Ghana. I mean, about five years back, five-six years back, where they had water, and the pump broke down and because they can’t afford it, they went back to the contaminated sources, and Guinea worm re-emerged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=878.68353,900.44252"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=900.44252,901.74982"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So here we also have to do a lot of lobbying with the government in order to regulate the prices vis-à-vis the private entrepreneur and, let me say, the mechanic’s profits margin and the cost of the people’s——like, I mean, it’s a whole complex thing. So, you see it’s not just Guinea worm. It’s a bigger and——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=901.74982,927.14566"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it’s much more; it’s a much more complex problem. That’s very interesting Michael. So yeah, I’ve been in, been in Africa, in these countries, and I never heard that complex situation. It always seemed to me that you built a borehole and that should be it and then I never understood why you didn’t come back and fix it, the next day. Now I understand. What have been, or has this been, or what do you think has been the major challenge in this effort for UNICEF?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=927.14566,959.35353"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, for UNICEF——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=959.35353,963.3981"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e How long has UNICEF been working with——what year did——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=963.3981,966.54487"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, since I joined UNICEF, UNICEF——I joined UNICEF in 2002. And before then UNICEF in the——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=966.54487,974.14387"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You joined UNICEF when?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=974.14387,975.59536"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e 2002——that is about nine years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=975.59536,978.78647"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e 2002?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=978.78647,980.62273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, 2002, that is about nine years now, yeah. And before then in the——I think it was in the [nineteen] eighties or nineties——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=980.62273,989.35681"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was the eighties, yeah, oaky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=989.35681,990.87964"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e —— that they [UNICEF] started operating in Ghana. What I see as a big challenge in this UNICEF, the work we do in terms of our water supply towards Guinea worm eradication. One is that work is a bit capital intensive and interestingly the Guinea worm was also prevalent in areas where groundwater was very difficult to find. So, you keep drilling and it is all dry and anytime you drill, money goes, because the contractor is using diesel, diesel fuel, which you are paying for it. The wear and tear of the rig and before you drill, you need to move about three or four trucks to the sites, personnel costs——all coming. So, we were faced with a question of pay for a dry well, or don’t pay for a dry well? But the interesting thing here is that ground water exploration, how we look for ground water; underground we have fractures, cracks underground, and that is what the geophysical investigation——that what we use, the method we use to find out where these cracks are. Because those cracks serve as a pipeline that move the water underground. The water also flows underground, just like the surface, and it flows through these cracks. But interestingly, at times, when you find a crack, it may not contain water; it will be air. And you cannot tell until you try, until you drill to the crack. So, when you drill there——like I said, I’m trying to be a bit, use the layman’s language a bit——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=990.87964,1100.00632"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Good, good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1100.00632,1101.55596"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e When you drill to that fracture, and there is no water in it, do you pay the contractor? Or you don’t pay? Because the investigation don’t tell you there is water or not; it only tells you there is a crack here. So, this is the possible place to get the water. Then secondly you may get the water and the quality is bad; it has fluoride, or it has salt. So, what do you do? That is one challenge. And in the northern Ghana where the Guinea worm was prevalent also, because of these dry wells, we have to invest a lot of money to build the capacity of our partners. So, one we brought in Desert Research Institute——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1101.55596,1144.20661"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e The which institute?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1144.20661,1145.28436"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Desert Research Institute. To train——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1145.28436,1147.36273"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, okay. Desert Research Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1147.36273,1149.18025"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, Desert Research——to train our partners to explore deeper below one hundred meters, so that we could find if there is water beyond that. Prior to that we were drilling up to sixty meters, because the equipment we all had, the investigation, with we could go up to sixty [meters]——beyond that is not reliable. So, we have to, one, invest a lot into our partners: we have to buy new equipment, we have to buy a new drilling rig. It was so expensive. But then these things produced a lot, because when we got this equipment, we started getting——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1149.18025,1186.80927"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Better water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1186.80927,1188.24529"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Better water in more places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1188.24529,1189.16301"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e More often?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1189.16301,1189.91683"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah——better. But, you know, the interesting part of the whole thing, and what I saw as a challenge, is when you get the water running——and now the next thing is how best the people can use the water and maintain it? And that is the behavior change part of it. How does the water transfer into economy gains? How does it transfer and give the disease reduction results that we are looking for? Because there are situations, there are water there, there is water in the community, but people will pass it and go to the dam, the pond, and say that they like the taste of the pond. So here is——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1189.91683,1231.18755"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it is the familiar taste; no matter how bad it is, it is familiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1231.18755,1234.17437"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It is familiar. So, the behavior change component, we have to devise ways and means. It’s, it’s more of a communication strategy, pointing the people to a new something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1234.17437,1247.69503"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you do? Do you do educational materials?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1247.69503,1251.78957"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1251.78957,1252.83685"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Does UNICEF do that, educational?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1252.83685,1253.77941"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we did that a lot, a lot of education materials. But interestingly one of our partners introduced something that they said——the whole rationale is: find out what they have in their village and use it. So, their workers stay right in the village with the villagers, spend some time——about two weeks with them in the village. Eat their food, sleep in their houses, I mean mix up with them and gradually introduce the new water and all those things in situations where we have very difficult situations. And this partner did really very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1253.77941,1292.5143"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What partner was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1292.5143,1293.76643"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I think you know them: Afram Plains Development Organization. Oh, that’s after you left that we brought all these people in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1293.76643,1299.80735"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, are you serious?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1299.80735,1300.8543"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, because we saw that we need to do something out of the ordinary, because we were doing the same thing over and over and we were not achieving results. So, we have to combine this behavior change with the water supply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1300.8543,1313.66588"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e How smart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1313.66588,1314.64347"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Apart from the surveillance then we——in fact it resulted, that is what resulted in the development of the overall behavior change communication plan for the Guinea worm in Northern Region [Ghana].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1314.64347,1326.8287"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Your partner now, tell me the name again of the partner again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1326.8287,1329.97889"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Afram Plains Development Organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1329.97889,1332.64778"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e African Plains?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1332.64778,1333.68291"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Afram.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1333.68291,1334.93159"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What is Afram? It’s——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1334.93159,1336.00602"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Afram is a place in Ghana, it’s a river, River Afram. So, the Afram Plains is an area; it’s like a suburb. So, it is a development organization in that suburb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1336.00602,1346.59288"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Afram Plains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1346.59288,1348.34963"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So, yeah, for short we call them APDO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1348.34963,1350.71117"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, all right. And that was your main partner in, in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1350.71117,1353.884"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yes we had two main partners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1353.884,1356.06985"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Only, in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1356.06985,1357.18265"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e We——do I say two? Yeah, yeah I would say we have about four main partners. Church of Christ Rural Water Development Program, they are for water drilling, World Vision——they are also for water drilling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1357.18265,1370.22603"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e World Vision?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1370.22603,1371.35183"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, World Vision. Afram Plains Development Organization for the behavior change and communication. Then you have the Red Cross for surveillance, and also part of the hygiene promotion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1371.35183,1384.50838"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s a great partnership, isn’t it? It takes, it takes all of——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1384.50838,1387.12058"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was good, and I really enjoyed working in that partnership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1387.12058,1390.00345"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I should think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1390.00345,1391.5224"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it was so good. And the people were so committed, I mean, there were people who were prepared to live in the villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1391.5224,1398.05893"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Are most of these people local people in these partnerships?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1398.05893,1402.55428"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they were all Ghanaians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1402.55428,1404.09609"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right? Nice, nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1404.09609,1405.8012"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they were all Ghanaians. And they were people who grew up in the villages; most of them also had Guinea worm before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1405.8012,1411.23926"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, they understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1411.23926,1412.25739"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So, they knew what it is and were prepared to live in the villages and help change lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1412.25739,1415.8847"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, very nice. Well now, and then The Carter Center is one partner, is a partner also, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1415.8847,1420.10956"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e The Carter Center is one partner. Yeah, I didn’t want to talk much about The Carter Center, because, you know, in Ghana, when you talk of surveillance, they really carried the bigger burden on the surveillance system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1420.10956,1432.26004"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e On surveillance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1432.26004,1433.34354"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, because when you look at the structure of Ghana in terms of surveillance in general, you see, there was a missing gap between the village and then the district. So, The Carter Center filled in where the area council is, in order to get directly in contact with the village because the district had to work through an area council——where it was missing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1433.34354,1456.17142"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And that's what they did, is sort of establish a program for communication villages, zones?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1456.17142,1464.55198"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1464.55198,1465.83051"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, that was their major contribution. Now you've worked with a lot of Carter Center people, I assume?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1465.83051,1469.94225"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1469.94225,1470.86848"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You worked with Elvin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1470.86848,1471.75145"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1471.75145,1472.73269"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e But you——that was a good communication? I mean was that good with your various——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1472.73269,1476.37565"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, actually, when I joined UNICEF I think it was Elvin who was in Tamale [Ghana]——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1476.37565,1482.00253"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It must have been, because 2003 was almost the time we left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1482.00253,1484.03472"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Elvin in Tamale and Nwando in Accra [Ghana].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1484.03472,1487.49285"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And Nwando, yes, right. So those were your first two Carter Center people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1487.49285,1490.2928"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e The first two people I met with. So, and by that time I was also trying to find——because I was coming from a pure urban project, from a World Bank Urban Environmental Sanitation Project for which I was a sanitary engineer in Accra.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1490.2928,1507.60702"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, this was brand new for you in Tamale?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1507.60702,1509.52845"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I was coming from an urban perspective into a rural perspective. So honestly, I took some time to study what was going on. For me to make a good impact, okay? So, I learned a lot; how the procedures are being handled, what is going on, what is the best practices going on, and then try to fill in the gaps. So, I would say that the first year was more for learning for me, than my contribution. I think it was around that time Elvin left. So, I didn't really contribute much in the first year, it was rather learning for me, because I was learning what was going on in order to make an input.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1509.52845,1552.3597"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure, interesting, very interesting. I do remember Elvin's first year in Africa, and I think there was a lot of learning that was going on with——in Uganda. You know, it was almost——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1552.3597,1565.90889"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Because I quite remember during that time I used to join the case searches. Yes, and especially over the weekend, we would be in the house and there would be a call that there was a Guinea worm outbreak, suddenly, somewhere they’ve detected in some village. And we would all rush there, try to do——so to me, initially, it was like, is this an ad hoc thing? That you just get a random ring, you get up you go? Or is there a plan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1565.90889,1592.96679"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Now was this with The Carter Center or——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1592.96679,1594.96993"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it was basically with the program, with the Guinea Worm Program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1594.96993,1598.38032"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e With the government, the government program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1598.38032,1599.60643"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1599.60643,1601.14062"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, okay, all right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1601.14062,1602.23272"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e So, like I said, I learned a lot during the first year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1602.23272,1605.32879"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1605.32879,1607.40831"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e And I remember when I came to Tamale first, and I came to meet Elvin. At that time my predecessor, Wally——there was one Bangladesh guy who was leaving, so he went to introduce me to Elvin. We talked at length about the whole Guinea Worm Program. Then, I think within a week or so, there was this review in Ho [Ghana], where I went for the review; I learned a lot. So, when I came back, then I started to find what role UNICEF is playing in the partnership and what can be done about it. At that time there were some contractors who were——UNICEF used to contract out, rather than with partners, and some contractors take the money, and they run away. And we went to——I spent the first two months chasing contractors to get back to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1607.40831,1658.38651"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Money? Is that true? In Tamale?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1658.38651,1661.70627"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e In Tamale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1661.70627,1663.71623"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, nice experience your first year with the Guinea Worm Eradication Program! When you were in Tamale, was that strictly for Guinea worm or was that water projects?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1663.71623,1674.26886"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it was water project. Honestly, I was alone at that time as the water officer; I was the one-man water officer in UNICEF based in Tamale, but the focus was on Guinea Worm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1674.26886,1687.82699"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1687.82699,1688.91304"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, because at that time water was part of health. So, it was a project called the Environmental Health Project. So, we were basically looking at Guinea worm eradication, trachoma control. Yes. So, we were looking at these two diseases, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1688.91304,1705.19193"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e A major thing. Okay, what about field experiences? Any field experiences, or interesting stories you want to share for posterity? Anything you ran into in the field that you think might be interesting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1705.19193,1716.33051"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we had a lot of interesting things. I remember when there was this JICA [Japan International Cooperation Agency] volunteer who came, and in one community, the name escapes me, in Tolon which had been endemic for a long time. And we've been trying to get water; we are not getting water. So, we decided to install tanks and then draw water about thirty kilometers away from Tolon. So, when we were going to deliver the tanks, at that time my country representative Dorothy Rozga, came to Tamale. And the tanks were moving, the poly tanks, and we were going there. It rained heavily, and we got stuck. I think I still have those pictures; all the Land Cruisers got stuck. By the time we managed to pull out the cars we were all covered in mud.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1716.33051,1770.65117"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess——sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1770.65117,1772.82511"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e And it was so interesting, but at the end of the day we managed to get the tanks to the village.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1772.82511,1779.70904"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1779.70904,1781.11466"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we managed to get to the village.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1781.11466,1782.4812"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e How many of you? I mean, she and you and a couple of drivers? And how many other people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1782.4812,1785.79538"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, there were two big trucks——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1785.79538,1788.85256"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Their drivers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1788.85256,1789.68918"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Their drivers, then two Land Cruisers, then I think there was another utility truck and a crane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1789.68918,1795.77209"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh my god.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1795.77209,1797.86676"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Because the tank was very big, and it needs to be lifted by the crane. So, all these trucks, the trucks, the crane——that didn't get stuck, but all the others got stuck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1797.86676,1811.82445"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a mess that day! But it was an adventure, now that it's in the past, it was a big adventure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1811.82445,1818.95089"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Then there was another one where——you remember that time we did, we were doing polio immunization and we added Guinea worm case search to it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1818.95089,1828.84772"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1828.84772,1830.08662"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to the Volta Region [Ghana] to supervise it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1830.08662,1834.51795"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Volta Region?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1834.51795,1835.43744"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Volta Region, yeah. So, we went to the villages. At that time, Volta Region we were seeing in Akachi District [Ghana] there was no cases. We went, and to my surprise, when we showed a picture in one village, in Akachi, they said, “Yes, it's here.” I said what——and there was no report. And they said \"Well, the assembly man said that if we report it, they always say we are not doing well, so we should never report it.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1835.43744,1862.25003"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Aaaaaah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1862.25003,1863.37646"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I was taken aback! So, we saw about three people with the [Guinea] worm. Actually, even the volunteer himself had a worm. So immediately we looked for the zonal supervisor; in fact, we had to put a quick measure in place, quickly get things organized, in fact, we spent virtually the whole day in that community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1863.37646,1890.04898"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You and all the people from polio, all the various ones, I guess?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1890.04898,1894.2341"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Myself——we were a team of four, doing the supervision. Myself, one [inaudible], and I think there was someone from WHO [World Health Organization], also there was someone from the government, I have forgotten their names. Yeah so, we turned the whole thing to a Guinea worm thing. We allowed those doing the immunization to go on, and we moved around, trying to interview them to find out what water they are drinking. Interestingly, that village had very good rainwater harvesting system. So, after talking, talking, then we realized, it is from the farm. So, we took a walk, and we identified some ponds and then we reported to the Guinea worm coordinator in the region, in the district, and then in the region for them to take immediate action to abate [larvicide] the pond, and all those things. In fact, it was a very shocking experience at that time for me, you see, because it is human nature for——it’s just like a stigma, so they wanted to hide it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1894.2341,1956.45806"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure. I think that’s just a beautiful story because there you were, four who had nothing to do with The Carter Center at that point——that was four people looking for polio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1956.45806,1968.88839"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1968.88839,1971.41087"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And you come across this, but you are well aware; I mean, you are on the project, and you stop everything and drop everything and try to organize for that, for that village. Very interesting. Michael, do you, when did you ever——did you——when did you know about Guinea Worm? What was your first awareness, I mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1971.41087,1989.42337"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I knew about Guinea worm when I was a kid, because one of my cousins had it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1989.42337,1993.85034"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1993.85034,1994.93765"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but I didn’t know the nitty-gritties of it until I joined UNICEF.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1994.93765,2000.44727"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, you just had a relative who had a Guinea worm, so you were familiar with it, just slightly? But you didn’t——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2000.44727,2006.17552"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I was familiar with it——that thing comes from water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2006.17552,2010.01923"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You knew it came from water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2010.01923,2011.17379"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I knew it came from water, because that time in my village in Central Region [Ghana], when it was there, I mean, there was——the conga [drum] was beaten that nobody should drink from——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2011.17379,2021.71724"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2021.71724,2023.5335"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e ——the pond. Yeah, that——this was the——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2023.5335,2025.44594"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2025.44594,2026.88726"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e This was somewhere in the, I think it was in the, early [nineteen] eighties?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2026.88726,2034.68936"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Really? Okay, so already the word was out by that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2034.68936,2037.92401"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, they beat the conga [drum] that nobody should drink.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2037.92401,2040.25351"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes——and Ghana, is this Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2040.25351,2041.74274"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2041.74274,2042.40768"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You are from Ghana, you are from Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2042.40768,2043.32491"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2043.32491,2044.22027"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And where are you from in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2044.22027,2044.22552"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I am from the Central Region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2044.22552,2046.0407"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Central Region, the green region?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2046.0407,2047.48672"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2047.48672,2048.28545"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, okay. It was always nice to get to the Central Region from Tamale, you know that was very nice. Michael, is there anything else? Any other memories or stories that——about this war with the Guinea worm that you would like to share? Any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2048.28545,2064.7061"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there is something I would like to say. When I was in Nigeria, on the evaluation of that, myself and one man from The Carter Center [inaudible name] we even talked of writing a story by title, “The Scars of Guinea Worm.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2064.7061,2081.11481"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e The, the what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2081.11481,2081.95068"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e “The Scars——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2081.95068,2082.99766"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e “The Scars of Guinea Worm.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2082.99766,2084.42453"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e ——of Guinea Worm” because I fight, I saw a whole lot of people with very, I mean, terrible——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2084.42453,2090.94089"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Devastating?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2090.94089,2092.31496"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Devastating scars: one on the chest, some have been crippled, and all those things because, see, the Guinea worm effect. And in that area we went to Sokoto——northern part of Nigeria toward the Niger border, I mean, to do the assessment there. And that place, like, they had understanding of doing what they call sakia; it is like using a hot metal to punch the worm. I mean when the blister comes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2092.31496,2123.56239"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e And to kill it, kill it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2123.56239,2124.48966"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e No! And that even cripples them; I have a picture of someone who is a cripple now because of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2124.48966,2128.53827"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, I am saying because they punched that in it kills the worm; is that correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2128.53827,2134.40651"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It doesn’t kill really. I don’t know, but I don’t think it kills the worm. But the understanding is when the blister is coming——okay, and they punch it, they think it should kill the worm and they’ll be free, but it rather has other diverse effects, because I saw very terrible scars. People were just showing it to me. And it was so devastating, I mean I think——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2134.40651,2158.34275"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, if the worm was killed, it would probably cause scarring, because the worm dying in there is very bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2158.34275,2165.21918"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t know whether the worm goes back in, but I was just moved by the scars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2165.21918,2172.72632"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e By the scars?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2172.72632,2173.95155"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, it——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2173.95155,2174.91485"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you were just thinking about doing like a pictorial of, of——? Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2174.91485,2177.61646"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, something like that. We took quite a series, number of pictures of the scars of Guinea worm and those things. But one other thing I also realized during the evaluation is, you know, we’re doing a great job in terms of eradication. But from the villages I visited, and I worked in Nigeria doing the evaluation, I can say about twenty percent, or less, could still remember issues on Guinea worm and how to prevent it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2177.61646,2214.68667"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Twenty percent? Only twenty percent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2214.68667,2216.33491"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Or less, very few; you ask them how can you get Guinea worm? And they don’t seem to remember. To me, this is something that if the government don’t really include the Guinea worm messages into their health behavior, I mean, their hygiene behavior change messages and there is a reinfection, it can be a bombshell. Because people totally forget about what to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2216.33491,2241.83118"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Especially if they haven’t had Guinea worm in a few years, a few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2241.83118,2245.17437"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes! Because these places I am talking about, for a long time where they have not had Guinea Worm. So, in fact, most of the young people, you can ask them, they don’t know what it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2245.17437,2254.12019"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Never seen it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2254.12019,2255.1866"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but at least their health promotion units, I think, should incorporate Guinea worm messages. Although it’s not there, but they should put it. Who knows? So that in case a recalcitrant citizen [Guinea worm] comes back, the people will know what to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2255.1866,2272.63067"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Can work with it quickly, can work with it quickly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2272.63067,2274.41165"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2274.41165,2278.60021"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well Micheal, any other questions that you wish I had asked you that I didn’t ask you that be good for the record?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2278.60021,2285.31119"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I think one thing probably I would have liked to talk about is, you know, I think, Ghana sets a record of being the first country to drop from hundreds to zero——the cases, the Guinea worm cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2285.31119,2305.03607"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, to drop from hundreds to zero?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2305.03607,2307.3527"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, because we had I think 300 and something, and then this year, eight cases. Okay, one would ask what was the secret for this? And I will say that what I realized is that we have a very beautiful plans in place and all those things, but we need people who would die for Guinea worm. People will give up everything and fight to do extraordinary things to get Guinea worm out. I am saying this because when this whole idea about what to do in Ghana came, a few of us got together to brainstorm and we came up with an idea. But then our bosses——the idea was not the ordinary idea to do, because we thought of a water project that would be anchored in the Ministry of Health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2307.3527,2366.78686"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e That would be what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2366.78686,2369.16177"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Would be anchored.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2369.16177,2370.5717"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Anchored in the——okay, in the Ministry of Health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2370.5717,2371.98576"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e In the Ministry of Health; that is very strange, usually a water project is with the Ministry of Water Resources. But here is the Ministry of Health that would run the show, and it would be implemented by the District Planning and Coordination Unit, not the Water Unit at the district level. It was so strange, but then what we saw, when we did that analysis, Guinea worm goes beyond a health program——it’s a development issue. So, our objective was to get it on the development agenda of the districts, into the District Planning and Coordination Units, okay? To foster that integration because the agric[ultural] extension would be involved, the environmental health would be involved, the health service would be involved, community development would be involved, the planning unit would be there. But once it is on their development agenda, they will also make budgets at the district level for it. You get? And once it has also has——we’ve measured resources with the health outcome. So, anchoring it in the Ministry of Health, we will be able to get the Ministry of Health also to take very serious note of the water project. And that's what we did in Ghana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2371.98576,2440.98925"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Makes such sense, and you did accomplish that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2440.98925,2444.59128"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e We did! The I-WASH——that’s the I-WASH project, which had brought the——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2444.59128,2448.50543"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, that's the I-WASH project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2448.50543,2449.65696"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e The all mighty eye WASH project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2449.65696,2451.02701"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh my God.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2451.02701,2452.62758"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e We spent sleepless nights thinking about what to——how to design this project; the indicators, what to look out for, and all those things. It took us two years to design the project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2452.62758,2463.30876"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you and the others in Ghana?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2463.30876,2467.08505"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Myself, Jim Niquette, Doctor Seidu, John Adriachi from the community water were the key architects that designed this project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2467.08505,2476.20195"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right? Now and that project has gone out now to——?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2476.20195,2483.11525"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It is almost completed. That is what has moved water: communities with one place of safe water to ninety-three percent in Ghana. You remember when we were there, we were always in the twenty percents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2483.11525,2493.31301"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2493.31301,2494.70894"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e And within a year, we moved from I think from forty-something percent to sixty, and the next year from sixty to ninety something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2494.70894,2502.49632"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, no wonder Guinea worm is gone from Ghana!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2502.49632,2509.73788"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a very——let me see, it——that project was very ambitious, but we were determined to make it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2509.73788,2518.70153"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e You must have had some good leadership?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2518.70153,2521.26102"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2521.26102,2522.75763"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e In Ghana to pick up on that idea and run with it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2522.75763,2525.16396"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that’s correct. The Ministry of Health embraced the idea. Then our country representative also supported a lot, and The Carter Center, at that time led by Jim Niquette, was also supporting the idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2525.16396,2543.61623"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Supportive, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2543.61623,2544.92049"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e In fact, we——during the design of the project, we have very healthy confrontations; you see healthy head on collision. But it really promoted the work to go on. And you know, interestingly, the partnership reach a point where, if you go at fault, the other partners will latch at you. I quite remember when, UNICEF, we were dragging our feet on the water provision. They took us on; in one meeting, they gave it to us——we sat up. Then in another meeting we realized abate [larvicide] was not going, and the question of some dams are non-abate-able came, and we said no way. Carter Center we’re also not going to have it. Every dam must be abated——we pushed. They said there is no abate——we said we would look for abate, wherever it is. So, you see, among the partnership, we were like monitoring each other——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2544.92049,2600.61454"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e A healthy——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2600.61454,2602.40799"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e And that was very healthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2602.40799,2603.77904"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2603.77904,2604.75694"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e You see, and it really helped. Now we all sit and laugh about how——","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2604.75694,2608.06044"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Going out to dinner with Jim Niquette!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2608.06044,2615.37881"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2615.37881,2616.57481"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHILYER:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, Michael! You know what, it has been a very, very nice interview and, nice for me, but nice for posterity. Thank you for sharing your experiences and the role of UNICEF in the Guinea Worm Eradication Program with me and with posterity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2616.57481,2639.30485"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFORSON:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2639.30485,2642.41638"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/transcript/73706/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/073/706/original/transcript_1739208925.vtt20250210-2394798-k51mdf.vtt20250210-2394798-k51mdf?1739208925","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/073/706/original/transcript_1739208925.vtt20250210-2394798-k51mdf.vtt20250210-2394798-k51mdf?1739208925"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Forson, Michael Akyeamfo Index [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=5.0,147.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer introduces Michael Akyeamfo Forson, a UNICEF [United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund] WASH specialist supporting Guinea worm eradication programing in endemic countries.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=5.0,147.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" This is an interview with Michael [Akyeamfo] Forson. This interview is about his life and his activities with the Guinea Worm Eradication Program. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=5.0,147.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNICEF","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=147.0,1415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Akyeamfo Forson describes the role of UNICEF in the Guinea Worm Eradication Program, focusing on water access and sanitation projects. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=147.0,1415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What has been, and is, the role of UNICEF in the [Guinea worm] eradication effort?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=147.0,1415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partnerships","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1415.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Akyeamfo Forson describes working with The Carter Center (TCC), governments, and other partners on Guinea worm eradication and clean water programing in Africa. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1415.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure, very nice. Well now, and then The Carter Center is one partner, is a partner also, yes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1415.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guinea Worm Case Search, Ghana","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1818.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Akyeamfo Forson describes a joint polio immunization and Guinea worm case search in the Volta Region of Ghana.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1818.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah. Then there was another one where——you remember that time we did, we were doing polio immunization and we added Guinea worm case search to it?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1818.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Personal Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1982.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Akyeamfo Forson discusses his personal background with Guinea worm, describing his knowledge of it as a child in the Central Region of Ghana, his plans to write a book about Guinea worm, and belief in the need for long-term educational plans on Guinea worm disease prevention.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1982.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very interesting. Michael, do you, when did you ever——did you——when did you know about Guinea Worm? What was your first awareness, I mean?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=1982.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conclusion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2278.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Akyeamfo Forson discusses the future of Guinea worm eradication, focusing on the importance of safe water projects.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2278.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472/index/88185/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well Micheal, any other questions that you wish I had asked you that I didn’t ask you that be good for the record?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2845/collection_resources/132719/file/257472#t=2278.0,2642.0"}]}]}]}