{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zc7rn32741/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Koplan, Jeff"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["12426"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum","Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Jeffrey Koplan (Interviewee)","Bess Miller (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2016-01-26 (Created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Dr. Jeff Koplan talks about involvement in CDC's smallpox eradication program and then his involvement as Assistant Director of the Office of Program Planning, and chairing the first Public Health Service AIDS taskforce, convened by the assistant secretary for health, Ed Brandt, in 1983 and then as chair of several pivotal meetings regarding the transmission of AIDS through blood and blood products. (Summary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["2016.500.3 (accession number)","OHCDCM500 (collection call number)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["The Early Years of AIDS: CDC’s Response to a Historic Epidemic (is part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["CDC's early years of AIDS (local term)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["AIDS","Blood products","ELISA test","Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Dr. Jeff Koplan talks about involvement in CDC's smallpox eradication program and then his involvement as Assistant Director of the Office of Program Planning, and chairing the first Public Health Service AIDS taskforce, convened by the assistant secretary for health, Ed Brandt, in 1983 and then as chair of several pivotal meetings regarding the transmission of AIDS through blood and blood products."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the David J. Sencer CDC Museum","Interviews may only be reproduced with permission from David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["David J. Sencer CDC Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/248/735/small/open-uri20240821-522984-uyw6iq?1724241075","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 12426_dr_jeff_koplan.3 Jeff Koplan"]},"duration":4222.387,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/248/735/small/open-uri20240821-522984-uyw6iq?1724241075","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-globalhealthchronicles.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/248/735/original/12426_dr_jeff_koplan.3%20Jeff%20Koplan?1724281157","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4222.387,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["content172424107420240821-522984-ske74n.xml [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Jeffrey Koplan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=0.0,1.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: This is Dr. Bess Miller, and I'm here with Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. Today's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1.0,6.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date is January 29, 2016, and we are in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Centers for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=6.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. I am interviewing Dr. Koplan as part of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=12.0,17.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Oral History project, The Early Years of AIDS [acquired immune deficiency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=17.0,21.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syndrome]: CDC's Response to a Historic Epidemic. We are here to discuss your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=21.0,26.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience during the early years of CDC's work on what would become known as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=26.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS. I must ask, Dr. Koplan, do I have your permission to interview you and to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=31.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"record this interview?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=37.0,38.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yes, certainly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=38.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Jeff, I've known and admired you since I attended a critical meeting you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=39.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chaired at CDC in May of 1983 concerning the transmission of AIDS through blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=44.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and blood products. You have served in the highest leadership roles at CDC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=49.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including serving as the Director of the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=54.0,58.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Health ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=58.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPromotion from 1989 to 1994, and then as the Director of CDC from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=59.0,64.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1998 to 2002. For this oral history of AIDS at CDC, we are focusing on the early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=64.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, beginning in June 1981 with the publication of the first Morbidity and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=71.0,76.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mortality Weekly Report [MMWR] on the five cases of Pneumocystis carinii","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=76.0,81.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pneumonia among homosexual men. You served in several critical roles during","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=81.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those early years, first as chair of the Public Health Service AIDS Task Force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=86.0,92.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convened by the Assistant Secretary for Health, [Dr. Edward N.] Ed Brandt, in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=92.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1983, and then as chair of several pivotal meetings regarding the transmission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=97.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of AIDS through blood and blood products. But let's begin a little bit with your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=102.0,108.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"background. Will you tell me a bit about where you grew up, your early family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=108.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life, and then where you went to college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=114.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=117.0,117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI grew up in greater Boston on the South Shore of Boston, living in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=117.0,123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities of East Braintree and then Quincy, a pattern that I followed after John","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=123.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adams had done the same thing (beginning in Braintree and ending up in Quincy).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=128.0,133.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did my schooling in public schools in Quincy and then private school, and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=133.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went off to college at Yale [University]. I did medical school after that, two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=139.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years at Tufts [University] in Boston and then I transferred to Mt. Sinai","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=145.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Hospital] for my last two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=150.0,152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What influenced you to go to medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=152.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I think about that periodically. I'm not quite sure, but I suspect it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=155.0,160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was maybe an interweaving of multiple threads, ending up forming the cloth of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=160.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school. I had a family in which there were no doctors, but there was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=165.0,171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of illness. So there must be some kind of reaction formation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=171.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ngoing in that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=176.0,177.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professional direction, hoping that those illnesses will stop and you can be on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=177.0,183.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other side of the patient-doctor equation. I was interested in medical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=183.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history early on and read a lot of books about everyone from [Dr.] Harvey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=189.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cushing to [Andreas] Vesalius to you name it. I just read a lot of medical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=196.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history and enjoyed that. Then I was in a high school science program that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=203.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sponsored by the National Science Foundation. It was a summer program where you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=210.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took Advanced Placement-level material and then you worked in a laboratory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=216.0,221.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere. I'd say that was a pretty influential opportunity and immersed me in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=221.0,227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laboratory work. Now, it was pretty low-level laboratory work. I spent the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=227.0,233.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"swimming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=233.0,233.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmice, meaning I'd drop them in a trough at one end, I had injected them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=233.0,239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with various pharmaceutical agents and then measured the speed with which they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=239.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"swam the trough. I'm a lap swimmer occasionally myself, and I think this is the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=244.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"payment I get for having done this with the mice. So those I think were largely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=250.0,257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the things that sent me into medicine. I was committed to clinical medicine and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=257.0,263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did postdoctoral training in internal medicine and got boarded [board certified]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=263.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in it. In terms of a career I thought I'd just do something academic, a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=268.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subspecialty training of some kind. But then I came to CDC and that ended up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=274.0,280.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being the model of what I wanted to do from then on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=280.0,285.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: What drew you to CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=285.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I guess it was a push and a pull. The push was that this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=287.0,293.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas the period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=293.0,294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Vietnam War. Whatever the low level of sophistication I had for politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=294.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't make this war seem like something I was particularly keen on engaging in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=300.0,306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet I passed my physical and I was all set to go into the military, under what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=306.0,314.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was referred to at the time as the Berry plan. I don't know the details of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=314.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than it deferred me until I'd gotten a couple of years of postgraduate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=322.0,328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"training such that I might potentially be more valuable as a doctor with a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=328.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little more training. But I was enamored of community medicine, preventive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=334.0,339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medicine, even as a medical student. I started when I was at Tufts in my first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=339.0,346.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two years working on a number of student-led projects, including in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=346.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politically active student group ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=351.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncalled the Student Health Organization. It was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=353.0,356.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an offshoot of the Medical Committee on Human Rights, and I did a program in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=356.0,363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California where I worked organizing farm workers, organizing them medically and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=363.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to get care for farm workers in the Imperial Valley in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=368.0,374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I came back to Boston and in a multidisciplinary and multi-university group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=374.0,380.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became active in minority admissions for medical school. At any event it was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=380.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social medicine side of medicine that I enjoyed early, and I continued that when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=387.0,394.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I transferred to Mt. Sinai, where they had a very active community medicine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=394.0,400.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department. [Dr.] Kurt Deuschle was the chair of community medicine at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=400.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Mt. Sinai and previously had a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=406.0,410.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ninnovative and interesting program at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=410.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Kentucky, which focused on rural health and rural health needs but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=412.0,417.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a population basis in a public health manner. I became very close to Kurt as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=417.0,423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a student, and he said to me, you know, you could have a much better experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=423.0,429.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than just going in the Army. There's a guy coming up from Atlanta from this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=429.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place the CDC. He's a guy named [Dr. Philip S.] Phil Brachman, and I've known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=434.0,439.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him for a long time. I'm going to make you his official tour guide when he comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=439.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. We'll have programs set up, but you'll stay with him and go from place to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=445.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place with him during the day. You'll end up taking him to a clinic that we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=451.0,457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established in East Harlem - called the Triangle Clinic because the streets came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=457.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together in a triangle. So you can be front and center and make a presentation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=462.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what we're doing there, et cetera. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=467.0,470.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAfter that I applied to EIS [Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=470.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service] and got accepted to EIS and came for what I thought would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=473.0,478.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be two years of government service and I'd be gone. When I got here, I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=478.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty good supervisors, [Dr. Stanley O.] Stan Foster and [Dr. William H.] Bill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=484.0,489.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foege, and I was in the smallpox eradication program. I thought, I've worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=489.0,494.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with wonderful people in the hospitals, I love clinical medicine and I respect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=494.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they do, but these guys at CDC do exactly what I wanted to do, and that was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=499.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Very exciting. So part of your EIS experience was involved in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=506.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smallpox eradication program. Can you tell us a little about that? Where were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=511.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=516.0,517.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: That was my EIS assignment, the smallpox eradication program, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=517.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then an entity. That was an organizational unit of CDC before they had bureaus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=522.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and centers and all that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=527.0,529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo my EIS assignment was with Bill Foege as the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=529.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Director of the Smallpox Eradication program. Stan Foster was my immediate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=535.0,541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical advisor, and I had a public health advisor, Jim Hicks, as well. I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=541.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of supervisors, and I probably needed them all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=549.0,555.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I did smallpox work. When it started much of the domestic side of it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=555.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focused on dealing with the fact that smallpox vaccination had just been taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=564.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off the books as a routine immunization for children and adults. This policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=571.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decision was based on some wonderful epidemiologic studies done by [Dr.] Mike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=578.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lane, who was director of the Smallpox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=585.0,589.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nprogram and later director of the Center","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=589.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Prevention Services, which had immunizations, STDs [sexually transmitted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=592.0,596.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diseases] and TB [tuberculosis] mixed together. Mike had done these studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=596.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which demonstrated that the risk to individuals in the U.S. of getting smallpox","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=601.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was extraordinarily low, much lower than the risk of one to five per million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=607.0,613.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever the numbers were, but low. But still higher was the risk of side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=613.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"effects from the vaccine--greater than the risk of getting smallpox. He made a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=619.0,625.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong case for it, and, lo and behold, this evidence-based policy changed the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=625.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requirement, and we did away with routine vaccinations. So I started EIS in '72,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=631.0,637.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this policy had changed just a couple of years before that. If you meet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=637.0,644.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone who is born after 1972, the odds are that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=644.0,649.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthey didn't get smallpox","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=649.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vaccination unless they were traveling, their family was traveling, they worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=651.0,656.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a lab, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=656.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So my work was often defending the government policy, which is interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=658.0,663.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because subsequently our work in immunization often was the opposite. Most often","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=663.0,668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were proselytizing for the use of a vaccine and decrying people who opposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=668.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the use of vaccine, but here we were saying, don't use this vaccine. It was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=674.0,681.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great vaccine, but you don't need it anymore. And the opposition was saying, how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=681.0,687.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dare you leave us exposed like this? So I, as a freshly minted public health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=687.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worker, was thrown into speaking to medical groups and answering letters and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=694.0,700.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time, Stan Foster got me involved in an opportunity to do a clinical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=700.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trial. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=707.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI didn't know anything about clinical trials; I probably still don't, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=707.0,712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did one. It was a randomized control trial of an antiviral agent against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=712.0,718.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smallpox in Bangladesh. I spent much of 1973 in Bangladesh, learned functional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=718.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bengali, ran a hospital ward, admitted patients. We did a double-blind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=723.0,728.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"controlled study of this agent Adenine Arabinoside [ARA-A]. It really didn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=728.0,733.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, but our goal wasn't to show that it did work or even have a treatment. Our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=733.0,741.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goal was, if it didn't work, to not give people false hope. We felt it would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=741.0,748.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"undermine the successful eradication efforts of people who thought, we've got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=748.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something we can treat smallpox with, what's the big deal? This trial took that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=753.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crutch away and focused on the immunization program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=759.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So my first two years were heavily smallpox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=763.0,767.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\noriented and included investigating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=767.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible cases in the U.S., which fortunately they didn't turn out to be, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=769.0,775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"included close familiarity with the lab work. I actually did a lot of lab work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=775.0,781.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during that time, and spent as much as half my EIS time working in [Dr. James","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=781.0,788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H.] Jim Nakano's laboratory. I had my own tissue cultures and got involved with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=788.0,794.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electron microscopy when specimens would come in, so it was a very rich experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=794.0,800.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Fabulous. Let's shift our focus to your involvement with what was to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=800.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become known as AIDS. So from 1981 to 1988 you were Assistant Director of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=805.0,811.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Office of Program Planning and Evaluation and then Assistant Director for Public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=811.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Practice, Office of the Director, CDC. What were you responsible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=816.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically in those positions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=821.0,823.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: The position in the Office of Program Planning and Evaluation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=823.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=828.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largely a few things semi-merged together. One of them was the involvement in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=828.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various policy decision-making that emanated from that office, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=834.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"referred to at the time as OPPE, Office of Program Planning and Evaluation. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=839.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had staff, some of whom were former public health advisors, and some of whom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=845.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were Ph.D. types that were interested in analyzing what do we do, why do we do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=851.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, and how can we justify it beyond the science of the individual units of CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=858.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came back from career development in Boston at the Harvard School of Public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=865.0,871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health and had become very much interested in decision science and how one can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=871.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quantitatively approach decision-making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=877.0,878.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I came back with a bee in my bonnet about applying that more broadly at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=878.0,885.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n CDC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=885.0,885.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in particular economic analysis using a decision analytic model. Some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=885.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic analysis had been done at the time by a guy named [Norman W.] Norm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=890.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Axnick, who was the Director of CDC Office of Program Planning and Evaluation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=897.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paul Stang, who was a young staff member at the time, had done a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=903.0,909.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cost-effectiveness analysis of chronic renal diseaese management, I believe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=909.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kidney transplantation and dialysis and the cost associated with that. I thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=913.0,918.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was an area that CDC really needed to beef up: the economic elements of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=918.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public health program. So over the course of my time in that position we started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=925.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did studies. One that I started before I came back from career development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=932.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was onpertussis vaccine, looking at the risks, whatever they were, and at its","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=938.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"benefits. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=944.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbasically a modified risk-benefit analysis for it, and we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=945.0,948.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published it in the New England Journal of Medicine and made a case that even if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=948.0,954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you took into account the nay-sayers for the vaccine, its benefits markedly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=954.0,958.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overwhelmed its risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=958.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I started to work with groups across CDC, and it was a wonderful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=959.0,964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience. When I finished EIS, if you had said to me, there's a TB program at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=964.0,970.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC, my reaction would've been, really? Where is it and who does it? Many EIS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=970.0,975.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officers, I think, went through their program, and if you had a friend that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=975.0,980.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked in another program, then you knew there was a possible infection, so you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=980.0,985.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew there was an immunization program. If you didn't have a friend who worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=985.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in it, you weren't aware even then of the breadth of CDC's activities. But with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=990.0,995.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proselytizing doing these economic analyses, I went around trying to make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=995.0,999.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationships all over CDC. So we did them in TB, and [Dr. Laurence S.] Larry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=999.0,1004.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farer and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1004.0,1005.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwrote a couple of papers together, and I did them with malaria, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1005.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trent Ruebush and I did some papers together. We did multiple analyses for every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1010.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immunization, with [Dr. Stephen R.] Steve Preblud, with [Dr.] Alan Hinman and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1016.0,1021.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Walter A.] Walt Orenstein, and we did measles and mumps and rubella and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1021.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combined, and you name it. So it was a very fertile and exciting time for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1027.0,1033.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we expanded into nontraditional areas, for example, the benefit-risk of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1033.0,1037.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical activity We did a paper on that using data from the Peachtree Road Race","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1037.0,1043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Atlanta and put that into JAMA [Journal of the American Medical Association].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1043.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So at the same time we're looking at CDC policy and doing things that were more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1048.0,1054.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administrative and bureaucratic at CDC. I was able to keep intellectually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1054.0,1058.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stimulated through these studies. Then when I shifted from Office of Program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1058.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Planning and Evaluation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1063.0,1064.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nto being Assistant Director of CDC for Public Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1064.0,1068.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Practice, the responsibilities were much more relationships with academia, our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1068.0,1072.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"links with universities, and, more important, our relationships with state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1072.0,1076.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health departments. During that period of time those were my constituency, and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1076.0,1082.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enjoyed getting out to the universities, getting out to state health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1082.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"departments, and being a voice within CDC for their needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1087.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I continued to do those studies all that time, even while I was doing the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1091.0,1098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"duties. I was responsible for the Preventive Medicine Residency program for some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1098.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, early in the period you just described. I was doing it as an assistant to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1103.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr. Donald R.] Don Hopkins, who was a close colleague and dear friend. Then at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1110.0,1117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one point Don moved on to other things, I think it was when he became Deputy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1117.0,1124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nDirector of CDC, and I was in charge of the residency program. During that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1124.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it became the largest preventive medicine residency program in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1131.0,1136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with--I forget the number of people we had, it was 20 or 24 people, and the best","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1136.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"performing. The CDC results on the board exams for preventive medicine were the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1144.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highest of any program in the country. It's got nothing to do with me--we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1150.0,1157.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smart residents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1157.0,1158.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So by March of 1983, with regards to the AIDS problem, there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1158.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already 1,200 reported cases and at that time a case-fatality rate of about 60%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1165.0,1172.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is from the MMWR at that time. Risk groups identified included homosexual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1172.0,1178.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men, IV drug users, and Haitians, and 11 patients with hemophilia had been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1178.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nreported. So in 1983 you were asked to serve as chair of the Public Health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1184.0,1191.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Service AIDS Task Force that Dr. Ed Brandt had requested. And I guess my first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1191.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question is, why you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1198.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I could facetiously say they couldn't find anyone else to agree to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1200.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Were you surprised?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1207.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Well, I suspect it was Bill Foege just appointing someone who was near","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1209.0,1216.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him and thought could do this kind of thing. There have always been both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1216.0,1223.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incredible cooperation and good work together amongst federal agencies, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1223.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's probably also always been some level of stress and strain because of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1228.0,1235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different missions and different cultures of the major federal agencies. I knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1235.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1241.0,1243.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncertainly more at NIH [National Institutes of Health] than at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1243.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FDA [Food and Drug Administration]. I liked working with people from the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1247.0,1252.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agencies. Maybe that was an attribute that led to having me do it. It wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1252.0,1258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had become an expert per se on what we knew about this new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1258.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immunodeficiency disease at the time, but I had a position whose title lent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1264.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"itself to a broad portfolio. I was comfortable with doing things with other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1269.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agencies, so why not have me do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1274.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Clearly they thought you could do it and would do an outstanding job,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1277.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm wondering if it came as kind of a surprise that you were tapped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1283.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Not particularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1289.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So can you tell us a little about what that committee involved? What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1290.0,1296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were some of the agencies, and are there particular people that stand out in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1296.0,1302.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1302.0,1302.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1302.0,1303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yes, definitely. The NIH regular attendee, I believe, was [Dr. Robert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1303.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"S.] Bob Gordon, and he had some large responsibilities for infectious diseases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1310.0,1317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across NIH, and a gentleman named [Dr.] Gerald Quinnan, Q-u-i-n-n-a-n, was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1317.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative from FDA, and then from CDC it was [Dr. James W.] Jim Curran. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1324.0,1333.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my long professional collegial relationship and personal friendship with Jim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1333.0,1339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dates from that time, that's when we started to see each other pretty regularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1339.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: In '83 so many things happened. Blood transfusion issues, everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1347.0,1353.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS was pretty hot at that time. [Dr. Robert C.] Bob Gallo's lab at NIH and Luc ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1353.0,1363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMontagnier's lab at Institut Pasteur were getting close to identifying the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1363.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agent. Can you talk a little more about the relationship between the agencies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1368.0,1374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did they see CDC? Were they competing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1374.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: If I can digress a little, the committee was one of these odd committees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1378.0,1385.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I hope are much savvier today than it was then. At the time, the idea of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1385.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this interagency committee was a clearinghouse so that people could know what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1393.0,1399.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other groups were doing and make sure we weren't leaving gaps or doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1399.0,1406.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unnecessary duplication, or see if there were differences in findings that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1406.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"required some delving into. I forget the exact frequency of the meeting, but it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1411.0,1418.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was frequent--weekly or every other week. There were regular face-to-face ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1418.0,1423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin-person meetings in Washington and Atlanta and then occasional phone meetings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1423.0,1428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to supplement those. In looking back, even then we were aware that this was not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1428.0,1435.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so much a decision-making committee or a policy-directing committee; it was more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1435.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an information-sharing committee In part that was due to the agencies wanting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1441.0,1447.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep the higher functions of decision making and steering things and setting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1447.0,1453.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy, if not to themselves, at least closer to their directors and closer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1453.0,1459.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably to the ultimate power in the Department of Health and Human Services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1459.0,1465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was okay. We felt we had enough to do, and our meetings were always","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1465.0,1473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"filled with stuff, but there was also a nagging concern, at least I never felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1473.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like all of the information was being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1480.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nshared by all parties. I don't attribute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1483.0,1486.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it to any malevolence or innate secretiveness, but rather that in a place where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1486.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so much was going on in all three of the agencies around this subject, I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1493.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was really hard for even the people representing NIH or FDA or CDC on a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1501.0,1509.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekly or every-other-week basis to have a complete handle on what was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1509.0,1515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happening. You had lab scientists, particularly at NIH, who weren't sharing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1515.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything they were doing with everybody. Again, they were busy, it may not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1520.0,1526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have seemed relevant to them at the time, but there may also have been elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1526.0,1533.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this competitive, who's going to find something out first routine. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1533.0,1539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meant, why would you want to show your cards early to this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1539.0,1545.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncommittee where you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1545.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't even know the people, and they're not world class scientists likeyou are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1546.0,1551.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we lived with that. I lived with that. You got what information you could. If","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1551.0,1557.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we weren't sharing something that came from another agency, I can't be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1557.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsible for what they bring to the table, but we'll do the best we can in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1562.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sharing what we know with these three agencies. CDC I think was very open in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1568.0,1574.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sharing what they had, and I think probably FDA was also as much as they could be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1574.0,1581.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How was CDC viewed by the agencies? By 1983 there was already a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1581.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit of turf and who's in charge of what.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1587.0,1591.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I think we had the good fortune in how that plays out is who gets sent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1591.0,1598.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the meeting. It would be quite possible for any of the three agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1598.0,1603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved to pick someone who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1603.0,1605.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmore fractious and more competitive and less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1605.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collegial in that committee setting, and that wasn't the case. So Bob Gordon had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1608.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked with some people at CDC before and known a lot of them, if you're in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1614.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"infectious diseases, how can you be at odds with other people in infectious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1621.0,1627.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diseases. Gerry Quinnan similarly had a particular knowledge of blood products","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1627.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that NIH has expertise in as well, as did CDC through its hematology and Bruce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1632.0,1638.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evatt's activities then. So there were good parallels. People had worked with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1638.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other agencies pretty well before, and so our meetings were not filled with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1643.0,1649.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hostility or turf fighting. It was much more, here's what I've learned in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1649.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last week or two weeks, here's what's going on now, there's a meeting next month","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1655.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Salt Lake City, and is anyone going from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1661.0,1665.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhere. It was information sharing as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1665.0,1668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much as possible, I don't think these individuals came to the meeting, saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1668.0,1674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not going to tell them about something. They shared what they knew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1674.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You mentioned the three big ones. Was ADAMHA [Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1680.0,1686.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mental Health Administration], the drug agency, represented?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1686.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Now that you mention it, I think they probably were represented. Whether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1689.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they came to every meeting or not and whether they had consistently the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1695.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person, I think the answer was no to both of those. They were involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1701.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"periodically. It's the three agencies I mentioned that were front and center all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1707.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the time on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1713.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So wasn't this a time of budget cuts at CDC and sort of a stressful time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1715.0,1723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for CDC? Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1723.0,1724.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat affect these agency meetings? Did that affect the climate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1724.0,1729.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I don't think so much, quite honestly. There are almost always budget","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1729.0,1736.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerns and tensions, but I don't remember that as a dominant issue or even a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1736.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prominent issue in these meetings. I never heard someone say, if only we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1744.0,1752.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more money or if we had another $20 million, we could do this. I just don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1752.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember that as being part of it. Or to put it another way, I don't think it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1761.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1770.0,1772.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Can you speak a little more to the political and social climate at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1772.0,1780.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time? Ronald Reagan was President.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1780.0,1783.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1783.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSure. I'd say both at the time and thereafter, political activists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1784.0,1788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the subject [disagreed], and I don't in the least invalidate their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1788.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concern and their issues and the way they perceive things. From a CDC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1793.0,1798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[standpoint] and from the other two agencies, I thought people were extremely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1798.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sincere in working on this, were committed to coming to the answers, and were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1803.0,1809.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to get as much done as possible. If I had been sitting outside and I were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1809.0,1816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an activist and seeing people dying from a horrible disease that we don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1816.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much about at the time, would I have wanted more and demanded more? Sure. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1822.0,1828.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would've happily been taking that side as well. But being on the inside, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1828.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never, ever, and this stays with me strongly, felt that anyone working on it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1834.0,1840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything less than totally dedicated to the outcome. Most of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1840.0,1844.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfolks were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1844.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either lab scientists or epidemiologists, and they'd all had experience in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1845.0,1850.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multiple outbreaks in epidemics before. I've never seen anyone on any subject in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1850.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an outbreak want to do anything but get to the root cause of it and stop it as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1856.0,1864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quickly as possible. That's a cultural thing that overrides any potential bias","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1864.0,1870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or prejudice. So I felt that this was as dedicated a group of people as I'd seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1870.0,1878.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that point. Now, whatever number of years it is later, 30 years later plus, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1878.0,1886.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still haven't seen anyone more dedicated to the work than the folks that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1886.0,1893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working on it then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1893.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: You describe the group as sort of insiders in that they were scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1895.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and laboratorians. What was their understanding of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1902.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAIDS? Can you remember the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1905.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emotional response of these folks in terms of the suffering and stigma and fear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1908.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this was engendering the clinical world? How did that play out for you and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1916.0,1924.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these others?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1924.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Obviously multiple factors were going on that caused public reaction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1926.0,1932.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political reaction, and reactions by those at risk and those afflicted. To me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1932.0,1939.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a major dynamic around not knowing the cause. There was a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1939.0,1947.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"action and hypothesis testing: is this a toxic chemical, is this something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1947.0,1954.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people use as a stimulant or a pharmacological additive to their sexual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1954.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activities, what defines it, why certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1961.0,1964.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnationalities seem to be involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1964.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus certain lifestyle choices. It wasn't adding up, and there was nonstop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1966.0,1971.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discussion. At the end, when you get a group of epidemiologists, which I still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1971.0,1977.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"count myself as one, it's like we ought to be able to figure out what's causing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1977.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. Of course, I think the dominant feeling was that it's an infectious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1984.0,1989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entity, an agent, that we just haven't identified yet. But you didn't want to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1989.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lose out, like in any outbreak, you're looking for those other pieces that don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=1995.0,2001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fit to help put this together. So that was going on, causing wheels spinning and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2001.0,2007.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turmoil and various approaches, inquiries, and pathways to get an answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2007.0,2012.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time, you had groups who felt they were maligned, groups who felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2012.0,2018.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were on the fringes of society and not of their own choosing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2018.0,2023.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2023.0,2024.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were beset by social problems, economic problems, societal position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2024.0,2029.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems, a range of things. That includes the drug-using community, if you can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2029.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call it a community, the gay population, the Haitian population. Now it seems so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2036.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ancient to think a group of people from a given country was targeted, when it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2043.0,2051.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became a worldwide phenomenon. But by the same token, from both an epidemiologic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2051.0,2058.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perspective and from a public health perspective and just from some sense of how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2058.0,2065.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communities work, people were afraid and concerned about exposure and what level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2065.0,2071.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of interaction could they have with someone who represents one of these groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2071.0,2078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then someone from those groups felt that they were already at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2078.0,2084.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrisk, already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2084.0,2085.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under great strain, and now people were treating them as a pariah with no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2085.0,2092.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"justification epidemiologically. So you couldn't put it all together in one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2092.0,2098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"package. There's a lot of ferment and turmoil going on but, you know, that's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2098.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2105.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was and is a defining disease for the last 40 years and will be for some time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2106.0,2115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to come. But we just had an Ebola outbreak and a lot of people's reactions to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2115.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, we've got a Zika outbreak going on right this minute and we haven't seen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2123.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even the frosting on this thing. There's going to be a lot more that we learn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2131.0,2139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have reason to be concerned about, and that's public health. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2139.0,2145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt goes with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2145.0,2146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. You can't say, I don't want to deal with this political stuff; a stigma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2146.0,2153.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's for someone else to deal with. It's part of public health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2153.0,2159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Before we leave that, I'm interested in your own emotions at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2159.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were kind of brought in, so you hadn't been steeped in it every day like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2166.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone like Jim Curran had been. Do you remember what you felt about it at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2173.0,2180.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time: this is different, this is more scary, this is more suffering, or again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2180.0,2187.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, this is a problem and we've seen things like this before. Did the AIDS","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2187.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceptionalism aspect of it strike you at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2194.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Probably both the things you described. On the one hand, it was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2198.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"classic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2205.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nepidemiologic problem, seemingly infectious, but we were not assured of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2205.0,2209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that fact. It was one where you had enough inklings that you thought, we ought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2209.0,2215.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be able to sort this out and solve it, but we weren't quite there yet. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2215.0,2222.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there was obvious human suffering and concerns and overlap of this disease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2222.0,2228.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in so many areas of life, whether it was school kids not being allowed to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2228.0,2235.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to school, or people losing their jobs, or a community losing by death its most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2235.0,2241.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important members. There was all this turmoil going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2241.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Did you have friends or relatives that died of AIDS at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2245.0,2251.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I had friends from CDC who died, but it may not have been in those early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2251.0,2258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. Over the next few years it happened, and fellow EIS officers died from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2258.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2264.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn a later period people were able to be tested and see whether they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2264.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carriers, so that was going on as well. So yes, it wasn't like this was an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2271.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outbreak that was totally external to my life or my friends' lives or the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2278.0,2284.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community's life. At first you might have thought of it as a minor overlap or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2284.0,2291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just touching each other, and the touching involved the professional versus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2291.0,2296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"patient end, but in short order it became: these are people we know and care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2296.0,2303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about as well. That's going to be true of any outbreak when it starts. If it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2303.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people you know, when friends are in West Africa on the Ebola outbreak, you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2310.0,2316.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suddenly are worried about them. When there's a terrorist attack in a place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2316.0,2322.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you've got colleagues working or they're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2322.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstaying in the place where the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2325.0,2327.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attack occurs. It's hard to be as distanced from it as you might have been before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2327.0,2333.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But like other things in medicine, it's important to keep some emotional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2333.0,2337.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distance from what's going on, particularly if you're involved in policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2337.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"formulation, recommendations for decision-making or resource allocation, et","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2341.0,2344.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cetera. You can't just throw your hands up and let your emotions run wild. Much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2344.0,2349.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as when you're taking care of a patient as a physician, you can be sad and you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2349.0,2355.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be compassionate and you can care. But if you're the person taking care of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2355.0,2360.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the patient, you've got to back up from that a bit and try to do the right thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2360.0,2367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on multiple accounts, and maybe that's the answer to this, too. You want to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2367.0,2372.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the right thing on multiple accounts, but you need to focus on what you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2372.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsible for and try to do the best job you can while everything else is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2377.0,2382.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"swirling around you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2382.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo my mind, there's no better example of that than Jim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2383.0,2388.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Curran during this period, because he was under huge stress from different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2388.0,2394.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sides, and he often was the target of, seen as a force of evil, when this guy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2394.0,2402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was devoting everything in his professional and often personal career to doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2402.0,2408.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as he can to alleviate this. Never once in several years during that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2408.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period of almost daily interchange with him did I ever, ever hear him express","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2415.0,2422.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything than total commitment to this and total, both emotional and personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2422.0,2428.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commitment to it. So Jim is, to me, a great hero in this regard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2428.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Well, if chairing the Task Force wasn't enough, in January of '83 CDC ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2435.0,2442.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhosted a national conference to determine blood bank policy regarding screening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2442.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out individuals at high risk for AIDS from the blood donor pool. So at this time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2447.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the virus had not yet been identified, and there certainly was no serologic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2454.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"test. And as a background to that, in the summer of 1982 there were three cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2460.0,2467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Pneumocystis pneumonia among patients with hemophilia, and then in December","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2467.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of '82, a 20-month-old infant developed AIDS following multiple transfusions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2472.0,2476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including from the blood of a male who developed AIDS. So here again, Assistant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2476.0,2482.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secretary for Health, Ed Brandt, convened an advisory committee to address","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2482.0,2487.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions regarding transmission of AIDS through blood and blood products, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2487.0,2492.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were asked to chair this meeting. Can you tell us a little about the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2492.0,2499.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting, who attended? It was sort of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2499.0,2503.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwatershed meeting I think in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2503.0,2506.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the entire AIDS issue opening up and needs for prevention and needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2506.0,2513.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for decisions before you have an agent. Do you remember that meeting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2513.0,2518.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: It was a hell of a meeting. It involved the program, I don't have it in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2518.0,2526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"front of me, but I can remember it pretty distinctly. We went through a series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2526.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of presentations on the overall epidemiology of what was being referred to at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2533.0,2539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the time as Gay Related Immuno Deficiency, GRID. We went through the overall","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2539.0,2545.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiology and the surveillance work that was being done and then the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2545.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investigations of these individual cases with the lab work. It was very much an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2550.0,2556.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intense look. There were three cases at the time that were probably Factor VIII","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2556.0,2562.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[an essential blood-clotting protein] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2562.0,2564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrelated. For us it was Factor VIII-related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2564.0,2568.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transmission; for many of the visitors it was potential concern about Factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2568.0,2574.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"VIII. We had very clear-cut groups with known strong differences of opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2574.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you've got a group of CDC scientists that included laboratory people and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2580.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiologists. Jim was prominent, [Dr. Harold Jaffe] Harold was prominent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2587.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr. Donald P.] Don Francis was present, [Dr.] Janine Jason, I think, gave a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2592.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presentation, and [Dr. Thomas J.]Tom Spira gave a presentation from the lab","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2599.0,2605.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side. So it was held in what was historically the CDC auditorium, I think it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2605.0,2613.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Auditorium A that we had this meeting. It was a pretty good-sized room, set","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2613.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up with a rectangular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2621.0,2623.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntable. We had members of the blood banking community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2623.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"present, so that's the American Red Cross and the American Association of Blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2627.0,2632.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banks. There may have been a couple of other folks present. Professor Bove,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2632.0,2637.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Dr.]Joseph I believe, was there from the Red Cross. At any event, there was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2637.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hemophilia organization, the National Hemophilia Foundation, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2643.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative of that was their chief medical officer, who happened to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2646.0,2651.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been a professor and teacher of mine in medical school, [Dr. Louis] Lou Aledort,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2651.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who I had always liked and gotten along with and respected. He was there. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2657.0,2663.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there were activist members of the gay community, including a couple of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2663.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physicians who were present. I'm sure there were a lot of other people present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2668.0,2674.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from CDC who just wanted to see this slam-bang event. We knew ahead of time this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2674.0,2681.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was going to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2681.0,2683.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfractious--that this would be difficult information, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2683.0,2686.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood banks did not want to be messed with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2686.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Why was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2689.0,2691.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: The blood banks felt they had enough problem getting blood, period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2691.0,2696.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their job was to make sureif I had my gallbladder taken out or whatever, that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2696.0,2702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've got two units of blood that matches me and that can be given and it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2702.0,2708.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"safe and appropriate, and when they need platelets for someone with leukemia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2708.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've got them. They had a tough enough job in the current system to get the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2713.0,2719.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood that they needed to do what's supposed to be done. Then for us to start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2719.0,2725.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying, you can't draw blood from these folks and you can't do it from these and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2725.0,2731.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need to ask these questions, it was like--we've got a hard job already and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2731.0,2737.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're making it harder. So we knew this was a problem, but as an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2737.0,2742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiologist, when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2742.0,2743.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nheard there are three cases now and it's related to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2743.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this thing--we've all been at outbreaks and arrived at different times. If you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2747.0,2752.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do enough outbreak investigations, as soon as you hear, this is really rare and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2752.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is occurring in association with that, your antenna go up and you say, what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2758.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do we do now? Usually it's, you damn well better do something about this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2764.0,2770.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's only going to get worse. You can wait until there's a hundred cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2770.0,2776.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a thousand or ten thousand, but my view was, this is enough evidence right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2776.0,2782.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now to do something with it. That view was shared by virtually all the CDC folks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2782.0,2788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were present and certainly articulated in the most impassioned way by Don","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2788.0,2793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francis at that meeting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2793.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: How so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2795.0,2796.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Don is an old friend, and Don was always a passionate advocate for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2796.0,2802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area he worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2802.0,2803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin. Now, regarding your earlier question about adequate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2803.0,2806.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources, Don was someone who probably was yelling whenever I saw him, that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2806.0,2812.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need more money and they need more to do this and they need more to do that, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2812.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was probably right. But also I'd heard that from him no matter what he was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2820.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working on, for a long period of time. If you walked up to people at CDC who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2827.0,2834.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were working on polio or immunizations or tobacco or whatever, if they were that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2834.0,2840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personality they'd grab you and say don't leave us out, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2840.0,2845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So back to the meeting. Those were the presentations, and then there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2845.0,2851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reactions to presentations by all the other players present, the two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2851.0,2856.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representatives of the gay community, the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2856.0,2859.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: That must have been complicated. What was the stance of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2859.0,2864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n gay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2864.0,2864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2864.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Interesting. I think there were definitely different voices being heard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2866.0,2871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was similar voices to the folks who were saying, shut the bathhouses because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2871.0,2877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're facilitating spread and we should shut them down. You heard that from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2877.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some members of the gay community, and then you heard others saying, don't mess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2883.0,2889.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with our culture and lifestyle. You may not like it, but there's no proof, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2889.0,2895.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is just an example of your stigmatizing us and trying to oppress us more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2895.0,2901.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we were before. So I think there was some of both. I don't remember exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2901.0,2908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the meeting whether both of those views were expressed, but my vague memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2908.0,2914.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is both of those strains came out. That gets translated in the blood donation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2914.0,2920.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area to you're going to stigmatize us further if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2920.0,2924.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsay all of us can't give","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2924.0,2927.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood, it doesn't make sense, you can't prove that we're all at risk, this is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2927.0,2934.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stretch too far. The same would be true if you said it about Haitians or about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2934.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drug users. For drug users you could make a better case because of the link with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2941.0,2948.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hepatitis B, and there it may be a little more nuanced. So there was that view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2948.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being voiced as well. There were people at very different places as to what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2955.0,2961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be done next.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2961.0,2963.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Now, there were a handful of cases among hemophiliacs. Was there yet any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2963.0,2969.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sense of a long latency period and that there may be people who are affected by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2969.0,2976.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this but not yet showing it? Did that come into play in terms of trying to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2976.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convince ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2983.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe audience that this is a bigger deal than a measles outbreak?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2983.0,2988.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yeah, I think all that stuff came into play, but it wasn't telling, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2988.0,2995.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the people who were resistant would come back over and over again.:you had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=2995.0,3001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a handful of cases, whatever it was. It was first three and then four and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3001.0,3008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five, and to me, when you went from three to four to five, it was just sealing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3008.0,3016.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the deal. It was like, this is crazy. This is a problem, and what's your number?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3016.0,3023.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it a thousand you want to go to, or how high do you want to go, because this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3023.0,3031.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is enough for me, right? This isn't the brilliance of hindsight, this is just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3031.0,3037.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the epidemiologist speaking. It's not hindsight because at that time we voiced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3037.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3042.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nspeaker, some more stridently, like Don, and some in a more calm tone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3042.0,3049.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, you know, this is what we do and this is what this looks like. It's only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3049.0,3058.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gonna get worse, and the better part of valor would be to take some steps here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3058.0,3066.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Now, blood and blood products are under the purview of FDA, I think. Why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3066.0,3074.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't this meeting held at FDA? Why didn't FDA take a lead role in this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3074.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: They have a blood and blood products committee, which was having its own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3082.0,3089.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings during this period. Why that didn't suffice in and of itself, I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3089.0,3096.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was because the investigation of these cases had been done by CDC, and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3096.0,3103.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3103.0,3104.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas an opportunity to begin a policy conclusion by involving the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3104.0,3110.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various pieces of the pie. In addition, I'm not sure whether my view of this was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3110.0,3119.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more strongly formulated months and years after this event, or whether I held it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3119.0,3127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time of the meeting, but that entity in the FDA was heavily influenced by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3127.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the blood banking members. Yes, there is a group of professional scientists and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3136.0,3144.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administrators at FDA, much like at CDC, who have responsibility for a given","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3144.0,3152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subject, in this case blood banking, but their meetings involved bringing in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3152.0,3160.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dozen or eight, whatever, of distinguished blood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3160.0,3164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbankers from outside. So that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3164.0,3166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"created a very different dynamic around what decisions got made. Probably there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3166.0,3171.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a conflict of interest even within the individuals, because the blood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3171.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bankers come wanting to do a good job of blood banking, but none of them would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3176.0,3182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have an underlying desire to spread a disease through blood banking, it's just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3182.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was, in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3187.0,3189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: A decision analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3189.0,3191.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: It is a decision analysis, and at that meeting I did refer to it, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3191.0,3197.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think it's denial behavior. It's like, I don't want to hear about those cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3197.0,3202.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've got to do what we've got to do, don't tell me about that stuff. And the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3202.0,3209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extension of don't tell me about that stuff is, yes, yes, I hear you, but it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3209.0,3215.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a few cases and it can't mean anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3215.0,3219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: It sounds like it was a pretty difficult meeting, maybe one of the more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3219.0,3225.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3225.0,3225.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmeetings you've chaired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3225.0,3226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It prepared me for others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3226.0,3228.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So what was the outcome of the meeting, the immediate outcome?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3228.0,3233.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: The outcome of the meeting was that we did not reach consensus. So the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3233.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goal was everyone was going to see this for what we thought it was, and now we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3239.0,3246.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can all go and formulate something together. That outcome was much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3246.0,3251.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deferred, in the sense of, we hear you and we'll think about it, because they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3251.0,3257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't have to do anything we said. We'll discuss it with our colleagues at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3257.0,3263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FDA. Okay, that keeps it in a Public Health Service framework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3263.0,3267.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In short order, more and more cases were occurring. I don't have the epi curve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3267.0,3273.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in front of me now, but if you look at hemophilia cases and then add in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3273.0,3280.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transfusion-related cases, they were going up. You do what we always do, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3280.0,3285.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is draw an epi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3285.0,3287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncurve. You've got time and the curve and it's going up. So I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3287.0,3294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smile about it now, but at the time it was like, we can prevent these cases from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3294.0,3304.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurring. The other piece of it, to be fair, is that the Factor VIII and Factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3304.0,3313.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"VII, and the various factors that get used for folks with clotting disorders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3313.0,3320.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are a lifeline. Prior to the existence of pooled Factor VIII, and it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3320.0,3328.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatively recent then as a therapeutic intervention, because it's both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3328.0,3334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preventative and therapeutic, these folks just had no life. They couldn't go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3334.0,3341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out, they'd lose limbs, they were swollen, their lifespan was limited. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3341.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3347.0,3348.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incredibly limiting and debilitating. Lou Aledort, I remember, at this meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3348.0,3354.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was describing this and presenting it. So anything that limited that supply or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3354.0,3361.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tainted it was terrible from their perspective. My remembrance of Dr. Aledort's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3361.0,3367.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaction was, by the same token, having that supply contaminated for our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3367.0,3373.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life-blood substance isn't good for us either, so let's figure out how we can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3373.0,3380.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get it and get it safely. If that's the source of what's going on and it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3380.0,3388.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's contaminated by something in some way by somebody, whatever we can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3388.0,3395.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do to return it to its lower risk status is in our best interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3395.0,3402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So a couple of months after the meeting there was an MMWR, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3402.0,3409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3409.0,3409.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggesting that members of groups at increased risks should avoid donating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3409.0,3414.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood. But it would really be two years before definitive action was taken. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3414.0,3421.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in January of 1985, by then you had an ELISA test and you knew the organism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3421.0,3429.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Provisional PHS [Public Health Service] recommendations for screening donated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3429.0,3433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood were established. So in those two years a lot of hemophiliacs and other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3433.0,3440.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recipients of blood transfusions were infected, and I've seen numbers like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3440.0,3445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousands, tens of thousands. With the luxury of hindsight, now that you've got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3445.0,3451.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, could we have responded differently? You've chaired a million groups since","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3451.0,3457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then; you've led so many things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3457.0,3460.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: With the luxury of hindsight well, actually I can't say the luxury of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3460.0,3467.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhindsight. We felt strongly about it then. I should be transparent: I've served","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3467.0,3474.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a historical witness and as an expert witness in several transfusion-related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3474.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS cases, all of which were found in favor of the defendant, which was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3480.0,3488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Red Cross. But I felt strongly enough about this and what I saw as an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3488.0,3496.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obstruction to good public health practice. This was after I left CDC government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3496.0,3503.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"service that I actually testified in those cases to the effect that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3503.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: For the plaintiffs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3509.0,3511.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: For the plaintiffs, that this could have been dealt with sooner and that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3511.0,3518.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this should have been avoided. So the legal side can argue that I was wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3518.0,3526.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they weren't found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3526.0,3528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nguilty, but I felt strongly then and still feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3528.0,3532.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strongly that, yes, more could have been done. It couldn't have been done by us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3532.0,3539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean we made our statements relatively, not even relatively, we strongly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3539.0,3545.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expressed our view that this relationship was with the donors and that if there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3545.0,3552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were donors who were at higher risk than the larger group of donors, then it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3552.0,3559.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worth trying to remove them from the pool, to be reinstated later if that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3559.0,3566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feasible. It was important to preserve the safety of the blood supply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3566.0,3572.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So you've been on so many groups and chaired and led and tried to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3572.0,3579.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persuade. What do you think about in terms of, how does one persuade, how does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3579.0,3586.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one affect decision-making? This has been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3586.0,3589.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwritten up as a big critical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3589.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decision-making in some of the things that may not have gone as well as they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3592.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have. What do you think about that now? Are there lessons to be learned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3599.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of how to persuade groups, or do we need to wait years and years, with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3606.0,3614.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tens of thousands of people getting ill? Are you smarter now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3614.0,3619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Probably not. I've had more experiences, but I'm probably not any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3619.0,3624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smarter. Was there something administratively or decision maker-wise that could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3624.0,3629.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been done? While no one at CDC was in a position, if you think of any of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3629.0,3637.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the big outbreaks that CDC is involved in, CDC is rarely in the position of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3637.0,3644.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying, you better close that plant or that restaurant. CDC can make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3644.0,3649.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrecommendations, like if you're traveling to the following countries you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3649.0,3654.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shouldn't be pregnant or get pregnant. Would ideally something much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3654.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stringent and draconian and dictatorial be appropriate? It may in some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3660.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instances, but were there elements of, you're not sure, and were there elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3666.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individual rights? That complicates it, no matter what the disease is or what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3673.0,3680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the circumstances. That was true then, and it's true now. I wonder whether this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3680.0,3687.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be a role for the Assistant Secretary for Health to step in, and that may","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3687.0,3695.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been something that I needed to transfer or get the CDC Director involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3695.0,3702.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the transfer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3702.0,3704.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Was Dr. Bill Foege still the Director then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3704.0,3709.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yes. Of course, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3709.0,3711.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBill was present to kick off the meeting, Bill was there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3711.0,3716.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end, and we debriefed with everybody, our whole team, on what could be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3716.0,3723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And then did it go back to Dr. Ed Brandt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3723.0,3728.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yes. So all this was out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3728.0,3732.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Presented to him. Did he have a major impact on the decision-making process?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3732.0,3738.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I think probably his impact was not on the decision-making process that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3738.0,3744.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had in our group and at those committee hearings. There were no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3744.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imposed-from-above conclusions or thoughts in that direction. But at the end of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3750.0,3755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those discussions, what had been discussed and the pros and cons certainly had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3755.0,3761.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made it up the food chain. I think I, or even the CDC Director, was in no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3761.0,3768.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position to say to FDA, you'd better do this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3768.0,3772.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCDC interacts with FDA daily on a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3772.0,3775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"million topics, and that relationship is, here's what we've found, and from our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3775.0,3781.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perspective you ought to get those sprouts off the market or don't sell the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3781.0,3788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raspberries from this source. When that works well, FDA says, we agree and we'll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3788.0,3795.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take care of it. Or FDA pushes back and says, it's not quite that simple for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3795.0,3803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this reason. There's a professional interchange. It's a bit of hindsight to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3803.0,3809.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that more firm measures should have been taken and by whom, but from my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3809.0,3816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiologic science end, the case was made that it was only getting worse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3816.0,3822.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So were you disappointed and frustrated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3822.0,3825.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Well, what happened was there were the two committees. The first one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3825.0,3831.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focused on hemophilia and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3831.0,3833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nconcentrated clotting products, and the second, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3833.0,3837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was transfusions in general, was merely an extension of the first. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3837.0,3843.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presented an even broader problem, because the number of hemophiliacs is much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3843.0,3849.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less than the number of people getting transfusions all the time. It was really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3849.0,3856.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same discussion magnified. I believe it was at the second meeting where one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3856.0,3863.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing we did get through was renaming the disease. Gerry Quinnan from FDA seems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3863.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think that I proposed the name, but I actually don't remember. It was a group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3870.0,3878.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"process. Calling it gay related made no sense epidemiologically, and certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3878.0,3884.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a stigma perspective it was not a good idea and detrimental to the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3884.0,3892.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3892.0,3893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it's Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3893.0,3896.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: And there had been a weight control tablet called AIDS. I don't know if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3896.0,3903.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you remember that and that it quickly went off the market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3903.0,3908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Yes, it's probably no loss either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3908.0,3911.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Well, I guess in conclusion, we've talked about so many things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3911.0,3917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Can I interject one thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3917.0,3920.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Yes, please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3920.0,3921.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I'm thinking about analogous subsequent parallel events. I'm sure I'm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3921.0,3926.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not thinking of a hundred that are appropriate, but one that springs to mind is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3926.0,3933.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Tylenol scare, when some malevolent being was contaminating boxes of Tylenol","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3933.0,3939.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off the shelves in stores. Johnson \u0026 Johnson's reaction was to pull them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3939.0,3945.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately. They didn't quibble that this is just a few events. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3945.0,3950.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nYou can claim,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3950.0,3951.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, that's crass business. It isn't, it's smart business practice. If your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3951.0,3956.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business is producing blood products for people to use, and the attraction of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3956.0,3961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those products is that they improve your health and that they're safe, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3961.0,3967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question is going around that they don't seem to be safe, there's a real risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3967.0,3973.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved. Johnson \u0026 Johnson didn't wait for 50 more cases or 100 more. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3973.0,3979.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pulled all the boxes and probably destroyed everything they pulled and then took","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3979.0,3984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steps to make sure you couldn't tamper with the stuff. I don't think they ever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3984.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found the culprit, but they took steps to make sure their product was safe. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3990.0,3996.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't deny something was threatening their product and say, we're not going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=3996.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worry about that. What we're going to do is pull off anything that could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4001.0,4007.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contaminated and let the consumer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4007.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nknow that we're doing everything we can to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4009.0,4013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ensure its safety and that you'll know it when you go to buy it. I think that's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4013.0,4021.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a bad way to behave in a situation like that. But there are costs to it, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4021.0,4030.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you stand depends on where you sit, as they say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4030.0,4035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: So how would you say your work at this, 1983 was pretty intense for you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4035.0,4043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although looking at your CV, many years were intense. But how do you think the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4043.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work on AIDS affected you personally? Do you have any recollections of that? Did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4050.0,4057.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it affect you personally? Did it affect your subsequent work or decisions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4057.0,4063.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: I recognize all the tragedy and grief and sadness and the huge loss of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4063.0,4070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4070.0,4070.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nworldwide. A terrible thing. But in a glimmer of light that shines through,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4070.0,4078.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under and around this curtain, lies the fact that there's been a huge expansion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4078.0,4087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge about immunologic processes, and antiviral agents have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4087.0,4093.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improved and created that never would have seen the light of day before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4093.0,4101.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scientific knowledge, trust, commitment, development have been remarkable and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4101.0,4107.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pushed by this terrible outbreak. Unfortunately vaccine development hasn't been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4107.0,4113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as quick and is much more complicated. It raises the issues of marginalized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4113.0,4121.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communities. It raises a lot of social science and behavioral issues that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4121.0,4129.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4129.0,4130.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncan affect any disease or health issue we work on. It has made us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4130.0,4136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hopefully more enlightened and more sympathetic and more compassionate towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4136.0,4141.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these things. It's not for me to comment on it, but from my humble and maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4141.0,4148.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"naive and ignorant lay opinion, it's empowered the gay community in ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4148.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political and social that might not have happened before. It created a stronger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4153.0,4159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sense and maybe moved the whole population's conception about sexuality and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4159.0,4164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lifestyle choices into a much healthier realm in general. So we live in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4164.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different environment today, and our kids live in a very different one than we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4170.0,4176.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had and our grandparents had, and I think that progress is real progress. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4176.0,4182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be great if hundreds of thousands of people didn't have to die for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4182.0,4188.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4188.0,4189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't see it as a one-to-one relationship. But amidst all the horror of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4189.0,4208.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the terrible aspects of it there have been some good things that have come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4208.0,4226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4226.0,4232.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MILLER: Thank you very much. This concludes our interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4232.0,4243.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KOPLAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4243.0,4247.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/transcript/69288/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=4247.0,4248.0"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/index/84931","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["content172424107420240821-522984-ske74n.xml [English] [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/index/84931/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background/family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735#t=108.0,294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2847/collection_resources/133949/file/248735/index/84931/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Koplan talks about growing up in the Boston area and early influences that drew him to study medicine.  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