{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zw18k76t4n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ravenholt, Reimert"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/289/original/CDCM_Mark_2.1.png?1728486742","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["12481"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["David J. 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We are at the home of Dr. Rei and Betty Ravenholt in Seattle to record an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6.0,13.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interview with Dr. Ravenholt for the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=13.0,18.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prevention] Global Health Chronicles Polio Oral History Project. I am Karen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=18.0,23.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torghele, and I will be interviewing Dr. Ravenholt today. Thank you so much for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=23.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agreeing to be interviewed, Dr. Ravenholt, and I'm glad we're finally able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=29.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=35.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Oh, my pleasure. Glad to finally see you in Seattle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=36.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: It's been a long time coming, hasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=41.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: When did you first start working at CDC?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=45.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Well, on this project it was 2012, so it's been a number of years that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=49.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've been trying to get together. But you were in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=56.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsecond Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=61.0,62.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service class, the class of 1953, so you were right in the thick of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=62.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things when CDC was just beginning and getting going. I would love to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=72.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started by hearing what your background was and how you got interested in public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=82.0,92.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health and connect it to CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=92.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Okay. As documented in that book beside you, I grew up on a dairy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=96.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm in Wisconsin in the middle of a large family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=106.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: That's a big family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=113.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: My mother had ten children, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=116.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbut the first one died at just six weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=120.0,124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nine of us all have lived at least into our eighties, some of us into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=124.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nineties. We were born in that dairy farm in Wisconsin, and it was a fairly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=132.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primitive one, because we didn't have electricity and we didn't have running","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=139.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water. The main product was dairy--milk cows and that was mainly it. We lost our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=145.0,152.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm to foreclosure in 1935, when I was in fourth grade. Then we barely survived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=152.0,159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a time for this 1935-'36. We were removed from the farm at foreclosure in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=159.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May. We belonged to a Danish community. We spoke Danish at home. My four","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=166.0,173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandparents all emigrated from Denmark, and they clustered in this area of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=173.0,179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wisconsin. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=179.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nnamed West Denmark, Wisconsin. On surrounding farms there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=180.0,188.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many Danes, so we could just about as well have been born in Jutland then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=188.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing up in Denmark as in West Denmark, Wisconsin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=201.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes indeed, my grandfather, grandparents, had pioneered in terms of turning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=209.0,219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woods into fields and so forth. Anyway, my parents were both well educated, both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=219.0,231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Danish and in English, so they were bilingual and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=231.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nbicultural. We spoke Danish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=240.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at home and then generally didn't learn English, really, until we started first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=244.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grade. Of course that goes very quick and no problem. In 1935, we moved into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=256.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this old schoolhouse without electricity and so forth. We lived there that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=270.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winter. One thing that happened in 1935, we were fortunate that President","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=281.0,292.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt started a WPA, Works Progress Administration. So my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=292.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfather was able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=300.0,303.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to work on various projects, but the income was just $40 a month, or $50 when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=303.0,316.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he managed to retain a team of horses and wagon and sleds and so forth. He","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=316.0,329.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually used those in the Works Progress Administration construction jobs and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=329.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forth. The income was $50 a month for nine of us, for my parents and us nine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=338.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. That was pretty slim, but we were very fortunate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=351.0,359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMy dad was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=359.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intelligent and brilliant in a way, and did a lot of reading and some writing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=362.0,374.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth. My mother was really the pick of the litter. We could not have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=374.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked for--yeah, here you see the family with me being a ten-year-old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=387.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Your mother was beautiful too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=397.0,402.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah, she was a tall, beautiful woman, very capable. Indeed, bore ten","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=402.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children, two sets of twins, in there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=413.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwithout electricity or running water, nor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=419.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an indoor toilet. She managed remarkably well to where she was just a very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=424.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=436.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: And where were you in the lineup of children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=438.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: I'm the middle of the nine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=447.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: It's a good-looking group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=453.0,457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Oh yes. My eldest brother Albert was, I think, particularly handsome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=457.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just see that. I don't know if it's in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=468.0,479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=479.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: There's one of you in a uniform, I think. I think one of you was in a uniform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=480.0,497.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. My eldest brother became a war correspondent. Here you can see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=497.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[pointing to book] There are the five eldest there. There are all nine of us and spouses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=508.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: There's a strong family resemblance, isn't there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=523.0,530.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yes, but indeed our oldest brother had breakaway abilities. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=530.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=539.0,541.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school he was taking agricultural studies, quite a few of those. In Wisconsin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=541.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had it so that in the fall many seniors were in agricultural studies, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=552.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they congregated in Madison, at the University of Wisconsin. And they had then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=565.0,576.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least that year, Wisconsin Farm Facts Contest where they wrote--examination a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=576.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple days, and he and several thousand students there with their agricultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=586.0,596.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers. Anyway, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=596.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwas number one in Wisconsin Farm Facts Contest. Oh, at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=599.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, he was earning his room and board working for a family we were somewhat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=608.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related to. After we had lost the farm in foreclosure he worked there three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=620.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, through high school. Also that same year--this was his senior high school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=631.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year--he had a very good English teacher, and she acquainted him with the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=642.0,653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was a national competitive essay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=653.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncompetition. And he wrote that and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=659.0,668.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he placed first in the United States in that. Actually, he had a full","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=668.0,689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarship to a half a dozen Big Ten universities. This essay had to do with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=689.0,712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the formation of the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=712.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=720.0,721.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a rental, an old rental farm, we lived on, after we lost the farm that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=721.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had owned. A good thing was this was the home. It wasn't a very fancy one--no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=742.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electricity and no indoor toilet and so forth. We were fortunate that it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=763.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=779.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the road from a golf course, one that had been created there. The work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=780.0,793.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"projects under that WPA created the course beside the lake there, and our rental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=793.0,805.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm bordered upon it. So there you can see that jacket there I'm wearing--it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=805.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit small, but what happened was two years before this, when I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=817.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twelve, this neighbor hired me to help the hired ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=830.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhand with milking during a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=838.0,842.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer when the cattle were placed away from the home farm, and we had to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=842.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and milk them. He had a hired hand, and he'd pick me up in the morning at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=853.0,866.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"5:30, and we'd go and I'd get the cows in from the pasture there. We'd milk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=866.0,877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a dozen cows and then I'd go home and have breakfast and so forth. For","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=877.0,888.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that work, I was paid $3 a month. That turned out to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=888.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n$.10 a day. A nickel in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=897.0,902.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the morning and a nickel in the evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=902.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I remember I got paid $3 at the end of August, and I had them in my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=908.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"breast pocket and then somehow I had lost them. I found them by the pump, by the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=922.0,936.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water. These three dollars. Of course what my mother did was she automatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=936.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quickly had me--she sat down, and Sears Roebuck had a coat for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=946.0,956.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwinter, a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=956.0,958.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jacket. We got one for $3, and this one picture--well, here, you can see it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=958.0,971.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That jacket's a little tight. That was the second winter I was wearing that and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=971.0,984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had just about grown out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=984.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: It doesn't look very heavy for a Wisconsin winter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=991.0,999.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: No. We had--in that previous winter, we had temperatures down to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=999.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifty-two degrees below zero. We knew something about winter. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1009.0,1017.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo I did a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1017.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"milking in my youth until through high school. I used to milk for neighbors and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1022.0,1035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others. After that, we lost our farm when I was ten. And we lived first in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1035.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old schoolhouse, and that winter I went to a one-room schoolhouse indeed where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1050.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the teacher had eight grades. Then we moved to a rental farm. We had retained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1062.0,1075.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1075.0,1076.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncows at the time of the foreclosure, so they had young ones and gradually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1076.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we accumulated--in several years we accumulated up to about a dozen cows. I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1086.0,1096.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a brother two years older and another one two years younger, and we were always","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1096.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking care of our cattle and so forth--milking through the youth there. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1106.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing that saved us was that President Roosevelt and company had created this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1115.0,1124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WPA, and so they paid about $40 or $50 a month, which was enough. My mother was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1124.0,1136.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very able. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1136.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe retained, initially, three cows and a team of horses. All of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1137.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had milk. We always had adequate dairy products, a garden and several hogs and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1150.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so forth. It sort of grew over the next few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1164.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing that happened was in 1940, with the war coming on, the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1175.0,1189.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped the WPA, because now the people could find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1189.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwork in companies that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1198.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"producing arms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1203.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: So in 1940----","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1205.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: My dad was, in a sense, very well educated in both Danish and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1209.0,1224.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English. And he had a couple years at the University of Wisconsin, and he'd had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1224.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some years in Danish colleges. One year he was in Denmark when he was a young","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1240.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1257.0,1258.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe was highly educated, book-wise, but there was something sort of lacking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1258.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as his work--it, whatever--and he ended up becoming so depressed that he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1269.0,1281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended up going to the state mental institution, where he was for two years. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1281.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impacted our youth because we had to do everything. Then he got out and he ended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1294.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up going to California and working out there in civil service ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1308.0,1318.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin later years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1318.0,1321.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's probably enough on high school. We always had chores to do. I liked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1321.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"football and basketball. But without electricity, we had chores morning and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1334.0,1344.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night, and walking a mile and more to school and back. We didn't have any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1344.0,1357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electricity at home, so I rarely studied at all at home, because I was doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1357.0,1370.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chores and this and that. I'm mainly interested ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1370.0,1377.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin football and basketball.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1377.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: You must have had a very good memory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1380.0,1388.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, I must have had something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1388.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: What made you decide to go to college, and how did that all come about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1394.0,1407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, what happened is my eldest brother was really a breakaway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1407.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genius type, and he had one winter of college at the Danish college in Des","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1417.0,1430.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moines, Iowa, but then he went after the World ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1430.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFair. The summer after he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1438.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduated from high school, he went down to Minneapolis, and he went to a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1441.0,1449.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foremost hotel there and managed to see what he wanted to do, because pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1449.0,1457.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soon there, he had decided during high school he wanted to be a foreign","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1457.0,1465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correspondent. Then he reasoned that to do this it would be helpful if he had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1465.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learned how to cook and do that--earn his way--and that's what he did. He went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1474.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the foremost restaurant hotel in Minneapolis and got a job in the summer as a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1483.0,1493.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cook's helper and a very thorough sort of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1493.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ntraining there. Then he went off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1498.0,1502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adventuring as chief cook on a Swedish steamer and ended up in the Orient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1502.0,1512.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Initially, he went to Shanghai, but then they went up through the Mediterranean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1512.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they were at Marseille, France, in June of 1940 when the Germans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1521.0,1531.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attacked. But they managed then to get out of Marseille and go to Spain and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1531.0,1542.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around Africa and back to Shanghai. He got off there and he worked. He had some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1542.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"savings from having cooked his way around the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1553.0,1559.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nworld there, and he worked for a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1559.0,1564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year in China for the International Red Cross, hauling medical supplies up into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1564.0,1573.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interior China. Then the Japanese took Shanghai, and he managed to get out of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1573.0,1583.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and went down to India. Down there, he rather quickly became employed by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1583.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United Press as a war correspondent. He had excellent writing and such","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1593.0,1602.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skills. He sort of led us out into the world that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1602.0,1610.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our mother was a very capable woman, and we all benefited from that. There's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1610.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1620.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother Albert, who became a foreign correspondent and stayed in that pretty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1621.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much his life. Then, he got a degree from Minnesota. He was in the Army, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1629.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he got out, he got a degree there and became a teacher, but then after a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1639.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while he got interested in politics and he went to Washington to work for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1650.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Senator [Hubert H.] Humphrey. He worked for Senator Humphrey and also Senator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1659.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Daniel K.] Inouye from Hawaii. He spent most of his time as assistant to those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1667.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"senators at the U.S. government. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1677.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nJohanna was very capable and went into nursing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1680.0,1691.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and surgical nursing and so forth. Myself, I got into medicine. And then my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1691.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother saw how much fun I was having. He'd been in Japan in the Army for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1710.0,1731.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several years and came back. I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1731.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrejected from going into the Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1740.0,1747.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: So you got rejected?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1747.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yes. I went just after high school when I was eighteen. I was called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1753.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up for the draft, and I'd been working in the harvest fields that summer, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1771.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then by the first of September I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1789.0,1799.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nback to Wisconsin to Milwaukee for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1799.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military. But when I was going through that military examination, a doctor put a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1803.0,1810.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stethoscope to my chest and he listened and he said he wasn't sure, but he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1810.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought he might be hearing a heart murmur. So he called over another doctor and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1818.0,1826.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he listened and he didn't hear one. They called over a third doctor, he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1826.0,1833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listened, he thought he heard one too. They called over a fourth doctor who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1833.0,1840.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listened, he didn't hear one. They called over the fifth and last doctor and he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1840.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also thought he heard one, so they voted three to two that I had a heart murmur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1848.0,1857.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and rejected me. That was a key ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1857.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nelement because indeed, I was rejected from the Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1861.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That fall I went down to Minneapolis and started working in various labor jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1867.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really wanted to get into the Army, and so in December I wrote my draft board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1876.0,1887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and told them I really wanted to get in there, and they said, so, okay. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1887.0,1897.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would send my file from Milwaukee. Now they said they'd send my file to Ft.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1897.0,1906.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Snelling in Minneapolis, and in February I went for examination. And this time I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1906.0,1915.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went through the regular examination, but at the end there was somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1915.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n checking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1922.0,1923.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"records. They said, \"Oh, I see you were rejected because of a heart murmur.\" So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1923.0,1936.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he just rejected me again. I was 4F and then got working with the Milwaukee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1936.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Railroad that winter in Minneapolis, but then I decided I better get myself an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1949.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education at the University of Minnesota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1961.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, I started there in 1944 at the University of Minnesota. And because my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1966.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister had gone into nursing I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1978.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlearned something of what medicine might","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1984.0,1989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offer, so I opted for pre-medicine. But when I started I had only saved $150,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=1989.0,2000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the entering fall tuition at Minnesota was $45--not too much. I bought a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2000.0,2011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suit--my sister helped me select a good suit, so I got that for $54, and then I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2011.0,2024.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had bought books, and I moved into a student cooperative house and paid a month","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2024.0,2035.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rent. I was immediately down to having to earn anything and everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2035.0,2044.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nand I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2044.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got a succession of jobs. The first one was really the worst, working making a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2046.0,2061.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sweeping compound in an old factory. After a while, in the wintertime I got a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2061.0,2076.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"job keeping the heat going in a factory during the weekends. So I would go there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2076.0,2092.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Friday evening and quite often stay until Monday morning, just sleeping on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2092.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2105.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old table or something. Then the second year I got a job as manager of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2106.0,2117.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"students' cooperative, for which I then got my board and room, and that was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2117.0,2127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good discipline. So I learned how to keep books and everything. I was always","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2127.0,2137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having to do that. I didn't really manage the work. I've probably talked more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2137.0,2147.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than I should.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2147.0,2149.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: I'll interrupt if I think we need to go a different direction, but I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2149.0,2159.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think all that background is very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2159.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2164.0,2165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nmanaged to fall in love along the way there, and married after my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2165.0,2181.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"junior year in medical school. I married and then proceeded. While I was in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2181.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical school, I managed to get involved with a program that paid a little bit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2198.0,2216.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would lead to going in the military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2216.0,2226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nafter graduation. At graduation, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2226.0,2230.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to select for internship the Public Health Service Hospital in San","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2230.0,2240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francisco. The U.S. Public Health Service Hospital, at that time, was integrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2240.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the military, so I didn't tell them that I had been rejected earlier. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2250.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"admitted me and I became----in the Army. During my internship there I was in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2263.0,2276.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public Health Service in San Francisco, at the Public Health Service Hospital ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2276.0,2286.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2286.0,2287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an intern, a medical intern. It earned me $350 a month. I could do that, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2287.0,2299.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was good because right there in my last year of medical school, our first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2299.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter was born, so I needed that. Following the internship I needed to put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2310.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two more years into the Public Health Service, and I discovered there was such a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2321.0,2332.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing as Epidemic Intelligence Service and Centers for Disease Control. Now that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2332.0,2341.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is how I got to CDC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2341.0,2346.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2346.0,2348.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyou remember how you found out about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2348.0,2352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, what happened was--I'm thinking--my internship, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2352.0,2357.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical and rotating internship at Public Health Service Hospital in San","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2357.0,2363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Francisco. And then at the end of that I had to commit for two more years, and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2363.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had always dreamed of going to Europe. I wrote to the Public Health Service, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2373.0,2381.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew they had core officers in Europe. I wanted to see if I might be able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2381.0,2391.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do that, and they wrote back no, that they were cutting back their forces in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2391.0,2399.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe, where they'd had additional Public Health Service officers that connect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2399.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with migration from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2405.0,2407.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nEurope to the U.S. They said there was an Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2407.0,2414.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service that had gotten underway at CDC, so they suggested that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2414.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might want to go there. They invited me to come down for the Supreme round","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2423.0,2433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up--the first one, actually, in May of 1952. I went down--and Alex Langmuir and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2433.0,2443.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Seal and others--I was there just to see if I wanted to come there. I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2443.0,2455.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there for one week--a spring gathering. I learned enough about it that I decided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2455.0,2465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did want to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2465.0,2468.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat, and so that way I was recruited in to the Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2468.0,2476.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service. That went very well. I was assigned to the Ohio State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2476.0,2484.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Department after six weeks of training, of course, at CDC. That worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2484.0,2492.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very well. I had a very good director there. Dr. [Frederick H.] Wentworth was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2492.0,2501.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one year ahead of me at EIS [Epidemic Intelligence Service], and so he'd gone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2501.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through Ohio State one year before, and then he was chief when I came in to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2510.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understudy him. So that was very good--he was very good. A very good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2520.0,2528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2528.0,2530.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Investigating, especially, diphtheria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2530.0,2536.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Was this a rural community that you worked in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2536.0,2552.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: I was stationed in Columbus, Ohio, but what happened was I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2552.0,2571.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investigated diphtheria in several places in Ohio, mainly in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2571.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npoorest parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2587.0,2588.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Ohio. Then it happened that the Saturday Evening Post had a couple very good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2588.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"writers, investigators in writing, and they decided they wanted to do an article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2599.0,2609.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Epidemic Intelligence Service for the Saturday Evening Post--Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2609.0,2616.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wentworth, then my chief. They had--a couple very expert writers came out from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2616.0,2626.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philadelphia to Columbus and a few other places. And Dr. Wentworth should have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2626.0,2636.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone with them to go over the place where he had done some work, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2636.0,2647.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhe said he","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2647.0,2649.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had staff meetings, so they'd have to take me--I should take care of the writer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2649.0,2658.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Saturday Evening Post. I went with them over to Muskingham in Ohio, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2658.0,2667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I got there, this fellow from--this writer from Philadelphia, he clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2667.0,2675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had little idea what he should do, so they then challenged me and I decided,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2675.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, we've got to do this. We've got to do a picture of me, taking throat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2684.0,2694.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultures on a classroom of children. We set this up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2694.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: That's a great picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2700.0,2703.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. I composed that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2703.0,2706.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\npicture. Then he took a number of others. One,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2706.0,2712.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, was at a poor home doing a throat culture, where it was actually Wentworth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2712.0,2723.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had been in that place, but I somehow got credit somehow having been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2723.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved with that. Anyway, so that was the Saturday Evening Post, and it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2733.0,2743.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published on the 30th of May, 1952, and it had two pictures that I was in--that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2743.0,2754.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one you see there particularly--and that Saturday Evening Post article was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2754.0,2762.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published on the 30th of May, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2762.0,2766.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1952--or '53, was it? I guess it was '53. A sister","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2766.0,2780.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mine got married just then, and I went home for the wedding just the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2780.0,2800.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time that this article came out in the Saturday Evening Post. That was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2800.0,2818.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fortunate because my brother Otto, two years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2818.0,2827.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyounger than I--he had been in Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2827.0,2832.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he'd come back to the University of Minnesota and was an excellent student,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2832.0,2842.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he didn't quite know what he wanted to do, this or that. When he saw what I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2842.0,2855.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had done and got involved with, he decided he wanted to get into it too. He","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2855.0,2867.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quickly modified his studies to pre-medicine and medicine, and indeed, he was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2867.0,2877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very excellent student, and president of his class both as a sophomore and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2877.0,2887.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsenior. Later, he was in Seattle one summer, one year there during internship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2887.0,2898.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was sufficiently impressed with the fun I was having in public health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2898.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiology, he decided to go into it too. He ended up as health officer and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2910.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also coroner and various other roles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2923.0,2928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Was it Las Vegas?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2928.0,2932.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah, that's right. Las Vegas--they employed him. He spent a year or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2932.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2943.0,2945.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMinnesota and Kansas, but then he was employed by Las Vegas. He got over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2945.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and he had a big career there and it all went very well. He worked there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2955.0,2967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirty-five years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2967.0,2968.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Now before you went to EIS, you were in medical school. Were you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2968.0,2978.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying that one of your jobs was to take care of polio patients in the iron lungs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2978.0,2990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yes, when I was in medical school, a sophomore in medical school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2990.0,2999.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a big polio epidemic, 3,000 cases or so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=2999.0,3006.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the most seriously ill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3006.0,3010.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were hospitalized at University of Minnesota, from across Minnesota. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3010.0,3019.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"required a lot of care, in turning them and so forth. They employed myself and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3019.0,3032.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another medical student during Christmas so the nurses could get a little time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3032.0,3043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off for their family, so we did that. I had really a down-to-earth getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3043.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acquainted with polio then. Then later, when I was with CDC and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3055.0,3065.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOhio--that year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3065.0,3067.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was with Ohio, CDC took on a special responsibility for dealing with polio,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3067.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to diminish. This was before the Salk vaccine, in which it was just being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3082.0,3098.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"introduced. They were trying to bridge to that by using immune globulin, so CDC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3098.0,3113.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would get involved in sort of a large program. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3113.0,3124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ngot special training by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3124.0,3127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pittsburgh in muscle testing and so forth, and that one summer, '53, my task was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3127.0,3137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to investigate every household where there was more than one polio case. I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3137.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go there and get all the facts and do muscle testing to see how much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3146.0,3156.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paralysis there was. Sixty days later, go back and check on the paralysis and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3156.0,3166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forth. So that occupied me quite a lot that summer of '53.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3166.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Did the therapy work at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3174.0,3179.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: No, the immune globulin did not work. Our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3179.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfinding was negative then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3185.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess because, of course, the immune globulin was taken from general. So if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3187.0,3196.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'd gotten all the immune globulin from previous polio cases, I suppose it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3196.0,3204.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might have worked, but it didn't work. It was an important part of our work at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3204.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CDC there for a year or two. It kept us busy and it was useful experience indeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3214.0,3225.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from an epidemiological point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3225.0,3229.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: I was going to ask you too, when you were in Minnesota in medical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3229.0,3238.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, was Sister Kenny there during those years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3238.0,3243.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3243.0,3244.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3244.0,3245.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n Kenny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3245.0,3246.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Oh yeah, she was. Many of the polio patients with substantial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3246.0,3256.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paralysis were treated by her. It sort of was not so much for the febrile part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3256.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for rehabilitation particularly. It was quite an important activity at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3270.0,3281.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Do you remember how she did her therapy, and did the medical community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3281.0,3293.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accept it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3293.0,3295.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Pretty well. It was fairly well. Of course, there wasn't much of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3295.0,3306.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3306.0,3307.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no important alternative, but it was rather important during some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3307.0,3317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years there in Minnesota that I think--also in Rochester, quite a lot of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3317.0,3329.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centered there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3329.0,3331.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: At the Mayo Clinic?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3331.0,3335.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, first at the University of Minnesota, but also at the Mayo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3335.0,3346.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clinic, so it was one of the leading activity centers that way in the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3346.0,3359.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: You mention in your book a place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3359.0,3366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwhere you went for a site visit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3366.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Oatland Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3375.0,3379.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. That was down in the northeast edge of----","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3379.0,3392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Near Savannah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3392.0,3396.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. Here, I'm afraid, in my ninety-second year, I have a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3396.0,3413.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trouble with some of the names. That summer when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3413.0,3427.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nat CDC, we went on a tour","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3427.0,3433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of several places. One of them was this Oatland Island over by Savannah, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3433.0,3445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was kind of interesting, and a few other places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3445.0,3453.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: What did they do in those research facilities? What did they do at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3453.0,3465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oatland Island? It would have been in the '40s, I guess, when they started it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3465.0,3477.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe malaria control?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3477.0,3479.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah, CDC was started there in--what was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3479.0,3486.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3486.0,3487.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3487.0,3488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: They got involved in various things, and some of it was what they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3488.0,3501.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were doing there, but it was interesting just to go there and visit a couple","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3501.0,3515.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days or something. I can't really give you much detail of it. CDC was, of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3515.0,3529.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course, a fledgling kind of activity there in the '40s. Langmuir and Jim Steele","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3529.0,3542.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and half a dozen people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3542.0,3547.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwere stalwart early workers in epidemiology and public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3547.0,3554.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health. Certainly, Dr. Langmuir and Dr. Steele and a handful of capable people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3554.0,3566.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of whom you or your husband no doubt got acquainted with. It was a good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3566.0,3581.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nucleus, and then the annual epidemic intelligent service class of fifteen or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3581.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirty or even fifty students. The Centers for Disease Control rather rapidly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3592.0,3603.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became, really, the foremost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3603.0,3607.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncenter of expertise for communicable diseases in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3607.0,3613.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world, actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3613.0,3616.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: What factors do you think contributed to that? Because it wasn't in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3616.0,3628.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington, it was in Atlanta, which wasn't a center of other government organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3628.0,3640.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Tell me your question again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3640.0,3645.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: What factors contributed to the CDC becoming world-renowned?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3645.0,3653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, it had some excellent early leaders, which derived from right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3653.0,3664.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3664.0,3667.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1930s--under Roosevelt later in the '30s, then the '40s. You said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3667.0,3684.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1946. There was a durable growing competence that was gathered at CDC, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3684.0,3704.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the Epidemic Intelligence Service we started investigating disease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3704.0,3718.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outbreaks. There was enough interest in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3718.0,3727.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCongress and certain public health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3727.0,3731.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders that they began to receive income. There was sufficient expertise that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3731.0,3742.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clustered at CDC from 1946 on that they gained increasing revenues. And as much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3742.0,3755.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you start looking, you'll find this. And you'll find that it grew insofar as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3755.0,3768.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"official government public health interest and investigation and control and so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3768.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. Certainly, CDC was the foremost such center in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3778.0,3787.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nworld rather quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3787.0,3790.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the U.S. had more capabilities in epidemiology investigation and control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3790.0,3802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than any other country in the world. There had been some early programs, which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3802.0,3817.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tended to be disease-specific, which was a response to readily recognize the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3817.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important diseases like yellow fever and tuberculosis, of course, and typhoid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3830.0,3842.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gradually, there was an increasing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3842.0,3847.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncapability developed in the U.S. government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3847.0,3854.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public health, but CDC became the foremost center of that. We had some very good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3854.0,3871.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people there, like Jim Steele in particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3871.0,3879.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Dr. Langmuir was quite a presence too, wasn't he?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3879.0,3890.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yes. They got some particular skills there. But of course [Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3890.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William H.] Bill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3904.0,3907.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFoege, he was probably just about the most competent, capable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3907.0,3917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person in that area of all. I had helped develop him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3917.0,3928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After a year in Ohio, they changed my delegation as Epidemic Intelligence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3928.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Service from Ohio to Seattle. And this happened sort of accidentally because my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3940.0,3953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oldest brother--when he was not in the Orient, he married a woman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3953.0,3965.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfrom Seattle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3965.0,3967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he tended to cluster here, and so I was very happy to come out and meet up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3967.0,3984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had many things in common.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3984.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I was the foremost epidemiological person with the health department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=3990.0,4000.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my office was downtown in Investigation Control of Infectious Diseases, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4000.0,4011.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"main thing. But then I started teaching at the University of Washington in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4011.0,4023.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiology. I sort ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4023.0,4026.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nof filled in there, teaching one or more courses right along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4026.0,4043.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This one year we had an epidemic infectious disease outbreak in connection with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4043.0,4064.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the beach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4064.0,4067.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Swimming beach?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4067.0,4072.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah, Lake Sammamish [Washington]. We got an outbreak. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4072.0,4086.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4086.0,4088.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leads to another, because what happened there was this one summer--I'm trying to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4088.0,4100.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember exactly, '57, I think, probably '57, I think--there was an epidemic of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4100.0,4112.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shigellosis at Lake Sammamish. I actually was back in Wisconsin on a brief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4112.0,4124.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacation, but then I had a call from [Dr. Sanford] Sandy Lehman. Dr. Lehman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4124.0,4137.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that I might need to come back and take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4137.0,4146.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nover the investigation that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4146.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shigellosis at Lake Sammamish and so on. I drove back rather rapidly from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4150.0,4161.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wisconsin. I went through North Dakota, where I had worked. I stopped, and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4161.0,4173.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family that I had worked for through the years. I had my two older children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4173.0,4186.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Janna and Mark. They were like six and four years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4186.0,4195.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I started driving west immediately after I heard from Dr. Lehman that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4195.0,4207.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nneeded to get out here. I stopped that one night with these in North Dakota","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4207.0,4217.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I had worked before, but then from there to Seattle I drove straight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4217.0,4226.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through, one thousand five hundred miles. The only break I had was one place in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4226.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montana, I stopped there at Butte, Montana. The children went to a movie, and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4236.0,4246.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"slept a couple hours while they went to a movie, but besides that, that was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4246.0,4257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only sleep I had from the edge of Minnesota to Seattle. I would take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4257.0,4266.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n Dexedrine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4266.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a powerful thing that kept me awake while driving. It was money-saving.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4267.0,4278.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could leave Seattle and drive a thousand miles without rest, and I'd do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4278.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the summer with the family. The children and my wife, they would be in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4290.0,4302.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same car sleeping, but I'd drive through the night on Dexedrine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4302.0,4310.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: You had an experience with polio vaccine and your children. And I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4310.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wondered first of all, before we get to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4320.0,4326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat, I wondered about what it was like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4326.0,4334.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for physicians when Dr. Salk made the announcement and Tommy Francis talked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4334.0,4347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the field trials and that all happened. What it was like for you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4347.0,4362.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physicians when that happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4362.0,4366.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: The Salk vaccine was really being developed in '53, and achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4366.0,4379.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"development either late in '53 or early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4379.0,4386.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nin '54, probably late '53. And then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4386.0,4394.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salk, [Dr.] Jonas Salk, went ahead to get a vaccine for that, and that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4394.0,4411.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed an important development in public health. That was one of those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4411.0,4425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important diseases that powered deep development of CDC, because when it came on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4425.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it had to be handled in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4440.0,4447.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n'54. I moved from Ohio to Seattle in '53. I came to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4447.0,4473.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seattle, Washington, in--I guess it was January of '53, so then I was investigating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4473.0,4503.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4503.0,4507.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwere getting an MPH [Master of Public Health] around the same time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4507.0,4521.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. I came out in '53 and attached to the Seattle King County","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4521.0,4538.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Department, and Dr. Lehman was the director there, that was a happy kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4538.0,4555.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a----here is Dr. Lehman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4555.0,4561.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Was he one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4561.0,4567.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyour mentors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4567.0,4569.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Oh yes. He was the health officer with Seattle, and he was born,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4569.0,4580.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually--his father was a missionary in Africa and he was born in Africa. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4580.0,4591.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he went to medical school at Cincinnati, and then he went into public health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4591.0,4602.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the Public Health Service program for training certain health officers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4602.0,4611.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he got into that. He was mainly a public health officer, and a very capable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4611.0,4624.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worker in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4624.0,4626.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nlocal government. I was fortunate that way. He gave me a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4626.0,4644.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freedom to do everything. During this time, I was working day and night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4644.0,4662.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Supporting your own family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4662.0,4669.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Four children there by 1956, and we all enjoyed Seattle a lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4669.0,4687.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n Here's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4687.0,4689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that summer we were doing investigation of the waters there--in '57, I guess it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4689.0,4713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. I'd just come back from vacation, from the Midwest, and I came out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4713.0,4737.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investigating. And this had to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4737.0,4747.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith swimming studies, investigation of beach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4747.0,4754.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waters and health, 1959.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4754.0,4759.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Were people getting sick after swimming there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4759.0,4769.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: We had the epidemic there in '58, I guess. It was that Lake","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4769.0,4786.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sammamish--this was '58--actually it started in '57 and then I came back from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4786.0,4802.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Midwest and we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4802.0,4808.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstarted, but we didn't really get a definitive answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4808.0,4816.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. The following summer, I got some monies from the Seattle Council to do a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4816.0,4829.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thorough investigation of swimming-associated illnesses. That's what that led","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4829.0,4837.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to. That's when I then employed a half a dozen people. And this person was the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4837.0,4851.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lifeguard at Lake Sammamish that summer of '57. He was immediately involved with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4851.0,4862.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Bill Foege was a roommate with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4862.0,4868.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhim. In '58, I guess it was, I got $30,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4868.0,4877.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the City Council to do an adequate study of the swimming-associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4877.0,4888.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"illnesses, because there was an intense interest then in the problems of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4888.0,4899.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"polluted water. I got enough money to employ a half dozen to help, along with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4899.0,4912.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several of these people who were regular health officers, younger health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4912.0,4922.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officers with Seattle King County. We did this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4922.0,4929.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nstudy, and here we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4929.0,4932.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"celebrating that study at the lake and the study at Madison Park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4932.0,4939.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: So you knew Bill Foege way back then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4939.0,4944.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: That's how I got acquainted with Bill Foege. He was a medical student","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4944.0,4952.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Washington, and he was rooming with this Bill Randolph, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4952.0,4960.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill Randolph was a lifeguard at Lake Sammamish when that epidemic occurred. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4960.0,4967.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got involved with employing them to help with getting the study, doing all of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4967.0,4975.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. It ended up that Bill Foege, of course, a very capable person, and we hit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4975.0,4984.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it off well together. So the next several ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4984.0,4989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nyears, summers and so on, he worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4989.0,4994.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with me--actually for three years, while he was a medical student at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=4994.0,5003.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Washington. He became aware that there was such a thing as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5003.0,5012.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiology and public health and the CDC and all of that. When he graduated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5012.0,5022.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from medical school, he took an internship in the east, a general rotating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5022.0,5031.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"internship, and he was just about to go on into clinical work. But I was in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5031.0,5042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France then, but it happened that I came back in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5042.0,5050.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsummer to do a major paper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5050.0,5054.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the American Public Health Association, and I came to New York, and I stopped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5054.0,5064.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and called Bill and his wife. I took him on Broadway. I invited Bill and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5064.0,5074.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his wife and took them to see My Fair Lady and a special event together there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5074.0,5084.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I was just in for a day or two in New York. Staying just a couple days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5084.0,5096.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and then I went back to France. He was taking his internship, his rotating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5096.0,5106.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"internship in a Public Health Service ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5106.0,5110.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHospital next to New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5110.0,5114.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: In Boston?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5114.0,5116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: No, in New York City, Staten Island. The U.S. Public Health Service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5116.0,5127.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a hospital in Staten Island and he was taking his internship there. And I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5127.0,5139.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took him and Paula, his wife, to Broadway that night to see My Fair Lady. He was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5139.0,5153.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just about done with his internship and then he was just about in the act of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5153.0,5166.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to take a medical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5166.0,5170.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfellowship or something, a clinical fellowship. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5170.0,5174.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened to be there, and I acquainted him additionally about the Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5174.0,5182.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service, and why wouldn't he just go into that, and so forth. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5182.0,5191.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess he was impressed with how much fun I was having, and so indeed, I think if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5191.0,5202.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had not gotten there then, he would have gone into internal medicine in some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5202.0,5211.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospital somewhere. He then, indeed, decided he wanted to go into the Epidemic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5211.0,5219.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intelligence Service, and he was initially assigned in Colorado and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5219.0,5227.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He, of course, is an extraordinarily ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5227.0,5231.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ncapable person, and he worked his way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5231.0,5238.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strongly in epidemiology and so forth. So these things hang together. If I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5238.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hadn't come back from Paris to the U.S. right then--I came back to give a paper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5250.0,5265.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the American Public Health Association--actually, the annual conference was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5265.0,5274.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Cleveland, so that was a very fortunate thing. I did succeed in recruiting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5274.0,5287.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[loud noise] in CDC ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5287.0,5291.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n epidemiology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5291.0,5292.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: That's an amazing accomplishment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5292.0,5296.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: He has proved to be an extraordinarily capable person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5296.0,5304.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Did you recognize that in him when he was just a medical student as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5304.0,5317.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Well, I recognized that while he was a medical student here. I like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5317.0,5329.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to research things, and you can see this historical epidemiology great analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5329.0,5339.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but, see, I had him working with me part-time, and also Randolph and so on. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5339.0,5351.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n I'd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5351.0,5352.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gotten $30,000 to investigate these waters, and I had enough that I could pay a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5352.0,5363.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small amount, but very important for a medical student. I could employ and just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5363.0,5373.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pay a thousand or two thousand a month or something for weekend help. I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5373.0,5384.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in getting a fuller understanding of the historical aspects of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5384.0,5392.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything that was going on in Seattle and the area and so forth. A make-work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5392.0,5403.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of project was to go through all of the old death ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5403.0,5412.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nrecords, which we then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5412.0,5415.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. I could employ them sufficiently to help satisfy their need. We went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5415.0,5425.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through all of the old death records, and this is the report of that historical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5425.0,5436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiology. I could lay out the epidemiologic history of various diseases for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5436.0,5445.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seattle. That was indeed possible because I had the residue of these $30,000,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5445.0,5455.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe $10,000 that I could employ them with, and then employed Bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5455.0,5464.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: And you did this all by hand, you did those graphs and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5464.0,5474.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n charts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5474.0,5475.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yeah. The second summer I had enough money that I employed Bill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5475.0,5488.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foege, and I was interested in getting a full understanding of what had happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5488.0,5502.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with lung cancer and so forth. So I employed him that summer to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5502.0,5516.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through--together--go through all the old death records and lay out the whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5516.0,5528.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history of lung cancer in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5528.0,5533.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthe Seattle area, starting with the first death from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5533.0,5540.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lung cancer in 1900, but going through all the old death records. What I and we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5540.0,5553.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had thought sort of as an onerous make-work thing, evenings and Saturdays we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5553.0,5564.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were down in the public safety building and we started going through all the old","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5564.0,5576.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death records. In the death records, you'd find a lot of history like the Gold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5576.0,5588.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rush to Alaska from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5588.0,5592.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1890s. When people died going to Alaska or in Alaska,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5592.0,5600.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't have any record-keeping up there, so many of those were registered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5600.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Seattle death records. They died from typhoid and syphilis, and indeed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5610.0,5619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"syphilis was of course a component, a problem in a pioneering kind of growth of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5619.0,5631.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a society. On the frontier, for example, across the United States, but then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5631.0,5641.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly with respect to Alaska and the Gold Rush, then you have a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5641.0,5652.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5652.0,5653.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young, non-married men, and somehow they are attracted to young women, and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5653.0,5664.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed, syphilis was a common component. It flourished for many decades with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5664.0,5675.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very little accurate registration of everything. In various ways, I've gone into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5675.0,5686.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole history of syphilis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5686.0,5690.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: So, lung cancer. So you became quite an anti-smoking advocate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5690.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Smoking--fortunately, neither my mother nor my father smoked. That","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5700.0,5709.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the very important ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5709.0,5713.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthing. In my youth, like working in the harvest fields of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5713.0,5720.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"North Dakota, of course, most of the young people out there, they were smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5720.0,5729.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was a time there when I was at the University of Minnesota, I had a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5729.0,5739.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend from high school, an engaging person, Eugene Johnson. He was one year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5739.0,5747.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ahead of me in high school. We played basketball together. Well, he went in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5747.0,5756.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army and went to Europe and got stitched across the pelvis by a machine gun,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5756.0,5765.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with at least two of the bullets lodged in his pelvis. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5765.0,5773.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndischarged, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5773.0,5775.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was just when I was starting in 1944 at the University of Minnesota. After","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5775.0,5788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convalescing, he came with us to Fitzsimons Hospital in Denver for some months","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5788.0,5800.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth, but he ended up coming to the University of Minnesota, and I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5800.0,5814.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then directing the students' cooperative. I was directing that students'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5814.0,5823.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cooperative, and this one year he and I roomed together. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5823.0,5833.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nsmoked with such a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5833.0,5836.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flowing, smoking and talking and so forth. I can remember one time when I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5836.0,5847.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goddamn it, maybe I should do like Gene and learn to smoke, because he was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5847.0,5858.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evidently having great success with fiddling with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5858.0,5864.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went and bought a carton of cigarettes and started smoking them, ten packages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5864.0,5874.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know. I started smoking a pack. I got into maybe the second pack and I just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5874.0,5886.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't stand the damn things. I was just very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5886.0,5893.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfortunate that my introduction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5893.0,5896.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cigarettes was not a taking. Of course I had seen smoking in Dakota with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5896.0,5907.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young people there. Most of them were smokers. There was this one young man who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5907.0,5917.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was one of the bundle teams, and we had half a dozen of us young fellows hauling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5917.0,5928.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bundles and so forth. This person was the son of one of the owners that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5928.0,5939.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked for. We would sleep together, two to a bed or one on the floor or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5939.0,5950.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something, moving from farm to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5950.0,5953.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfarm. And this--Gordon was his name--I noticed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5953.0,5958.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I bedded with him repeatedly, in the evening he had cigarettes, and he'd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5958.0,5968.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smoke one or two cigarettes as he came to bed and so forth. He put the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5968.0,5979.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarettes right within reach by the bed, and sometimes he'd wake up in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5979.0,5989.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night and he'd have to smoke a cigarette. And he'd always smoke cigarettes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5989.0,5998.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately in the morning, and pretty much endlessly. I knew him this way this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=5998.0,6008.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first summer that I was in North ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6008.0,6013.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nDakota, and so I had this experience with him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6013.0,6020.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of his tremendous addiction to cigarettes. It surely would have killed him, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6020.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that following spring he took a ride on the side of a vehicle, and unfortunately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6030.0,6042.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the person that drove had an accident and killed him. I knew him the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6042.0,6054.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer I was in Dakota, but he was of course gone for the second one. He no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6054.0,6067.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doubt eventually would have died of cigarette ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6067.0,6073.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6073.0,6074.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: That's lucky that you didn't get addicted to them. Now one thing you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6074.0,6087.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need to tell me about is the Cutter incident and your own personal situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6087.0,6100.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6100.0,6102.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: The Cutter incident, of course you see it there, but we can discuss it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6102.0,6116.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: That would have been 1955. I know it was after the field trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6116.0,6129.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: My first acquaintance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6129.0,6133.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nwith polio was in '48. That was when I was a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6133.0,6142.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sophomore in medical school, but that was where I worked for ten days or so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6142.0,6155.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking care of patients, the severely paralyzed ones at the University of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6155.0,6165.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Minnesota. Then I got involved with that. In '59 was when we had the major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6165.0,6178.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemic of polio. The last major epidemic of polio was in '59, which I was in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6178.0,6192.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"charge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6192.0,6193.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nof that in Seattle. I was director of epidemiology of communicable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6193.0,6205.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disease control then, but I went into it very thoroughly-- polio there, and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6205.0,6220.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the results and deaths, and polio you can see by year and age from 1900, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6220.0,6237.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guess, to 1960.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6237.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: In 1950, between '50 and '55, there was a big epidemic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6240.0,6253.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n1952 was a bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6253.0,6257.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, wasn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6257.0,6260.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Yes, and there were several early epidemic years. I got a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6260.0,6272.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience with the disability from polio, and we worked in that. Poliovirus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6272.0,6283.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excretion of preschool children during an epidemic. So I really went deeply into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6283.0,6294.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"polio paralytic paralysis, and tonsillectomy we considered. Indeed, once I got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6294.0,6304.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in a certain disease, I tended to dig in more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6304.0,6314.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\ndeeply so I understood it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6314.0,6326.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TORGHELE: Tell me about getting your own children vaccinated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6326.0,6347.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RAVENHOLT: Oh yes. There in '55, we got Salk vaccine for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6347.0,6375.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nfirst time, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6375.0,6378.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed, I was taking on the immunization of all the young people with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6378.0,6391.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, I tell the story and you've probably read it. As we crank up this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6391.0,6405.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"program, of course, getting a lot of physicians to help provide the shots, but I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6405.0,6419.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in charge of the polio programs, of course. Just then, as the vaccines Jonas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6419.0,6433.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salk had in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6433.0,6436.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n'54 developed--the Salk vaccine--was they used it in some testing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6436.0,6448.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"areas and it proved good. In '55, we wanted to get everybody immunized, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6448.0,6465.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what this is related to. Where I met with some representatives out of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6465.0,6482.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several main drug companies producing Salk vaccine. As I detail in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6482.0,6495.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhere, went to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6495.0,6497.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple detail men from the companies that produced Salk vaccine. They invited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6497.0,6507.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself and the maternal child health director from the Seattle King County","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6507.0,6517.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Department--they invited us and several other people for lunch just to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6517.0,6527.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk about vaccine and this and that. In the course of that, one of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6527.0,6539.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apologized--a detail man from Cutter apologized that they were short of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6539.0,6549.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vaccine and that they hadn't been able to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6549.0,6555.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nprovide us health department people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6555.0,6559.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with polio vaccine for ourselves. I responded nonchalantly, well, not to worry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6559.0,6568.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because a detail man from this other company had promised to get me vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6568.0,6579.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we had lunch, and I went back to my office, and about a half an hour after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6579.0,6593.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got back to the office, there came a breathless messenger from this one Cutter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6593.0,6605.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"detail man that had been at lunch with me, bringing me several Cutter vaccine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6605.0,6616.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nampules, bottles of vaccine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6616.0,6619.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He came rushing to get those to me, so that we'd be using Cutter vaccine instead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6619.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the other companies. I remember I had a clinic next to my office, and we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6630.0,6641.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a refrigerator there and put the vaccine in the refrigerator, and then while Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6641.0,6650.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wilke, who was adjacent, who was the maternal child health doctor, and his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6650.0,6659.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office was next to mine. That evening, then, he knew I had put the vaccine in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6659.0,6670.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the refrigerator in there. He came to get one to take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6670.0,6677.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nhome to immunize his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6677.0,6680.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couple children, and I laughingly told him, \"You go ahead, and in about three or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6680.0,6689.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four weeks I'll go ahead.\" As I reflected upon that, I realized if I didn't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6689.0,6699.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough courage to immunize my children with that vaccine, I shouldn't be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6699.0,6707.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directing a program to give it to thousands of other children. So I took one of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6707.0,6717.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ampules home and immunized my two children, Janna and Mark, about five and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6717.0,6726.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three years old. It was just three days after I had done that, the word came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6726.0,6736.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the wire ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6736.0,6738.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nthat the Cutter vaccine was causing polio in Idaho. I quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6738.0,6746.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Alex Langmuir and several others to get full information and learned what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6746.0,6756.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lot was, and so as soon as I got that information, I went into my","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6756.0,6768.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refrigerator to see what I had and indeed, it was from the bad lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6768.0,6778.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was three days after I had immunized the children.  That night and for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6778.0,6788.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several days after, they both ran fevers, but fortunately they did not develop ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6788.0,6798.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nparalysis.  That was a hairy spring with all the administrative details of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6798.0,6809.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cranking up 160 practicing private physicians to give shots and get everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6809.0,6820.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"-- and then the bad Cutter publicity came and the program was interrupted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6820.0,6832.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't give it.  Then that eased, but the program was interrupted a second time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6832.0,6845.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/transcript/69560/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we proceeded to immunize 24,000 first and second graders in the Seattle schools. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=6845.0,6858.0"}]},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/index/85133","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["content172428505420240821-522984-yo7mez.xml [English] [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/index/85133/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Years","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098#t=88.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://globalhealthchronicles.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2846/collection_resources/133974/file/249098/index/85133/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Ravenholt described his upbringing by sharing stories of how and where he grew up in Depression era Wisconsin. 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